ライフサイエンスコーパス: brood

1 ore effective at rearing large quantities of brood.

2 t later-hatched parasitic chicks in the same brood.

3 me queens and common in alates, workers, and brood.

4 reased female-biased sex ratio for the whole brood.

5 ves by larval female soldiers in a mixed-sex brood.

6 umption, thereby leaving more food for their brood.

7 ood and the number of offspring in available broods.

8 election favours the production of mixed-sex broods.

9 les being associated with more female-biased broods.

10 kers and the huge sizes of many invertebrate broods.

11 ommodated, especially in species with larger broods.

12 rly demonstrating fitness trade-offs between broods.

13 a variety of species that produce unisexual broods.

14 hile lin-35 mutants are fertile with reduced broods.

15 t on inbred half-siblings in mixed-paternity broods.

16 ggs undergo clonal division to produce large broods.

17 delivery of Yob transcripts yields male-only broods.

18 the fitness returns from highly male-biased broods.

19 in larval survival in inbred than in outbred broods.

20 e layer in a nest evolved independently from brooding.

21 a signal to inhibit food intake during mouth brooding.

22 h that resident-resident pairs hatched their broods 12 days earlier than migrant-migrant pairs, and f

23 ual resident males and females hatched their broods 6 days earlier and fledged 0.2 more chicks per ye

24 feeding with workers, but also consuming the brood [8-11].

25 nt: long-lived or low-fecundity species with brooding ability were genetically less diverse than shor

26 ined clutch volume and the bone histology of brooding adults.

27 fit of male assistance is to help defend the brood and carcass from competitors.

28 he while preying upon the ants and the ants' brood and duping the ants into rearing their young.

29 probability of siring an EPO in an available brood and the number of offspring in available broods.

30 tarting later in the season, and that double brooding and lay date were linked to higher annual fecun

31 Number of broods and body mass did not vary with elevation or lati

32 on regulation if they are able to move their broods and find adequate quality and quantity of forage.

33 for post-copulatory sexual selection within broods and for trade-offs between successive male pregna

34 ith male age, while the numbers of available broods and offspring per brood did not.

35 Number of available broods and offspring per brood showed low additive genet

36 arvae were less successful at raising larger broods and suffered greater mortality as a result: they

37 ct tasks are nursing (providing food for the brood) and foraging (collecting pollen and nectar).

38 biculate Electrapini as food for bee larvae (brood) and involves packing corbiculae with moistened po

39 lower fecundity (smaller clutch and/or fewer broods) and invest more in offspring quality (greater eg

40 layed, small in body size, lay an attenuated brood, and are short-lived, indicating that Rictor plays

41 f eusociality is shared defense of the nest, brood, and stored food; nest defense plays an important

42 perature on breeding initiation date, double brooding, and annual fecundity in a Nearctic-Neotropical

43 lated age differences among nestlings within broods, and another in which we held nestling age consta

44 also highlights that the number of available broods, and hence population structure and demography, m

45 uggest that interactions between workers and brood are integral to colonies survival.

46 ovide less parental care when offspring in a brood are less likely to be their own, but empirical evi

47 irm that coots use first-hatched chicks in a brood as referents to learn to recognize their own chick

48 hough D. petraeum were able to reproduce and brood at elevated levels of CO2, recruitment success was

49 ee life-history subcomponents: the number of broods available to a focal male to sire EPO, the male's

50 rs of embryos (for species surveyed, piscine broods averaged >10-fold larger than mammalian litters).

51 e reduced to two key parameters, the cost of brood ball construction and the ease of finding balls to

52 at the egg inside and lay its own egg in the brood ball instead of constructing its own ball.

53 If another beetle finds a brood ball it will usually eat the egg inside and lay it

54 beetles Onthophagus taurus lay their eggs in brood balls within dung pats.

55 s for longer periods in order to guard their brood balls.

56 The brooding behavior of the octopods we observed suggests t

57 Epithelial fusion, brooding behavior, and the presence of a skeleton were a

58 les and the association represents a complex brooding behavior.

59 ficant correlations with comb mass, maternal brooding behaviour and fecundity.

60 os were more productive than parents rearing broods biased more strongly towards sons or daughters, s

61 cologically important, small and short lived brooding bivalve Lissarca miliaris from Signy Island, An

62 ed microclimate in which to raise fungus and brood by managing heat, humidity, and respiratory gas ex

63 cognize and reject parasitic chicks in their brood by using learned cues, despite the fact that the h

64 ike tactics to discourage rejection of their broods by a common host.

65 ress responses (corticosterone secretion) in brood bystanders.

66 ed brain genes during two behavioral states (brood care (aka "nursing") and foraging) and identified

67 ernate between reproductive (queen-like) and brood care (worker-like) phases [5].

68 specific helper contributions to cooperative brood care increase as the mean relatedness between help

69 explains unusual quasisociality (cooperative brood care) among parasitoid wasps without invoking or p

70 defined by overlapping generations, parental brood care, and reproductive division of labor, has most

71 hronously alternate between reproduction and brood care, and young workers eclose in synchronized coh

72 , and the ability to induce reproduction and brood care, C. biroi has great potential to illuminate t

73 e transition from working in the hive (e.g., brood care, or "nursing") to foraging.

74 ereas when the role of helpers is to provide brood care, then helpers are the sex or sexes that provi

75 Alloparental brood care, where individuals help raising the offspring

76 rs attend to increases as they progress from brood-care activities within the nest to acts outside th

77 vides conclusive evidence of a developmental brood-care strategy conserved within Ostracoda for at le

78 years ago, and vertical transmission via the brood cell and the cocoon surface resulted in host-symbi

79 corresponds to a comb containing a number of brood cells occupied by pupae.

80 e morph are transported by the ants to their brood chamber and cared for as if they were true ant lar

81 Furthermore, we show that, once in the brood chamber, mimic aphids suck on ant larva hemolymph.

82 Two octopods were observed to be brooding clutches of eggs that were laid on stalks of de

83 titioning selection into within- and between-brood components, we were able to separate individual fr

84 Both broods consisted of approximately 30 large (2.0-2.7 cm)

85 ereas ablation of other blastomeres produced broods containing both castes.

86 tion of the B(4) blastomere resulted in most broods containing only soldiers whereas ablation of othe

87 and existing DNA microsatellite loci for the brooding coral Porites astreoides to assess patterns of

88 Larvae of the brooding coral, Porites astreoides, and the broadcast sp

89 Here we use a split-brood, counterbalanced, field experiment to investigate

90 and a period of forced starvation while they brood developing young inside their mouths.

91 rtality leading to significant reductions in brood development and colony success.

92 umbers of available broods and offspring per brood did not.

93 American foulbrood is the most destructive brood disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) globally.

94 illus larvae, is the most damaging bacterial brood disease of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), causing

95 ge, and we note that males born in sex ratio broods display much lower survivorship than their female

96 a heat-collecting dome in which to incubate brood during cold weather, and deep chambers in which to

97 ite after extrusion of their eggs to protect brooding embryos from the chemically harsh, thermally fl

98 The gastropods that form these reefs brood encapsulated larvae; they are threatened by rapid

99 groups that displayed more interactions with brood experienced greater survivorship, a trend not pres

100 s of groups in preventing the probability of brood failure (especially that caused by competing flies

101 Brooding females at Von Damm exhibited greater size-spec

102 in the NLT compared to brooding females, but brooding females had larger pomc1a neurons compared to g

103 Consequently, brooding females in the periphery of the vent field are

104 ecilian, the skin of which is transformed in brooding females to provide a rich supply of nutrients f

105 NPY and AGRP neurons in the NLT compared to brooding females, but brooding females had larger pomc1a

106 evels were also higher in gravid compared to brooding females.

107 which is necessary for egg-laying in queens, brood food production in workers, and proper immune func

108 d loss of the adult population, leaving only brood, food, and few adults in the hive.

109 Laying workers also had larger brood-food-producing and wax glands, showing metabolic i

110 ed fecundity (lower clutch size and/or fewer broods) for higher offspring quality (larger eggs and/or

111 In a brood from a single egg, reproductive altruism by soldie

112 yer around the colony that helps protect the brood from bacterial pathogen infection, resulting in a

113 fter vertically transmitting species evolved brooding from broadcasting, indicating that reduced buoy

114 ere sampled, including sexuals, workers, and broods from four colonies.

115 cular parentage analyses of several thousand broods from more than 100 "pregnant" species, invertebra

116 urvival for goslings reared on areas used by broods from the Tutakoke River black brent colony.

117 Multiple mating by the brooding gender was common in all three forms of pregnan

118 aspects of annual reproductive performance, brood hatch date and breeding success, differed between

119 species capable of attempting more than one brood in a breeding season could benefit from extended b

120 Brooding in colonial ascidians allows increased egg size

121 anta bernicla nigricans) tend to raise their broods in the same areas each year, and these areas are

122 Here we describe post-spawning egg care, or brooding, in this deep-sea squid.

123 Queenless subcolonies that engage in more brood interactions may have had more resources available

124 that a male will sire an EPO in an available brood is the primary source of genetic variation in male

125 cooperate to raise young at a single nest or brood, is widespread among vertebrates but highly variab

126 Furthermore, broods laid in the presence of a male gained more weight

127 ry to our expectations, males cared less for broods laid in the presence of a male.

128 Selection at the brood level was independent of sparrowhawk presence.

129 ts, we were able to separate individual from brood-level effects of fledging mass on predation probab

130 t-year survival and show experimentally that brood-level effects originate early in development.

131 in the west, from late October onwards, and brooding locations, determined using tidal geolocation,

132 e warbler (Setophaga caerulescens), a double-brooded long-distance migrant, we used Pradel models to

133 data also indicate that living with stressed brood mates early in life entails some long-term costs.

134 level of stress hormones (corticosterone) in brood mates, we demonstrate that the social transfer of

135 In many species, a single brood may be reared on large carcasses by more than one

136 mond pollination, have been characterized by brood mortality with specific symptoms, followed by even

137 viviparity, large offspring size, and small brood number differs markedly from the pattern seen in o

138 is hypothesis, females that had at least one brood of young and expressed a normal estrous cycle were

139 relative risk associated with cross-species brooding of eggs.

140 de conclusive evidence for marsupial care of brood-offspring.

141 refore, some females consistently rear their broods on areas resulting in lower post-fledging fitness

142 sses, parents tended to choose to rear their broods on the latter.

143 ed that the last hatched/born offspring in a brood or litter often show relatively poor subsequent pe

144 ting incurs costs, multiple paternity within broods or clutches is a common observation in nature.

145 n growth were not explained by the number of broods or density dependence.

146 oadcast spawning (Crassostrea virginica) and brooding (Ostrea equestris) oyster species.

147 Within a species, per capita brood output typically declines as colony size increases

148 um data sets showed higher gene flow for the brooding oyster with more oceanic salinity tolerances.

149 veraged 40% lower for warblers reared with a brood parasite nestmate.

150 we focus on the range dynamics of four avian brood parasite species and their hosts in southern Afric

151 Rejection of the brood parasite's eggs was common by both hosts, despite

152 e Gerygone flavolateralis and its specialist brood parasite, the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites luci

153 rican coot (Fulica americana), a conspecific brood parasite, uses cues learned from the first-hatched

154 der to avoid retaliating punishment from the brood parasite.

155 s ater), a widely distributed North American brood parasite.

156 Coevolutionary arms races between brood parasites and hosts involve genetic adaptations an

157 nary trajectories and population dynamics of brood parasites and hosts.

158 Avian brood parasites and their hosts have emerged as model sy

159 Avian brood parasites and their hosts provide model systems fo

160 ues, despite the fact that the hosts and the brood parasites are of the same species.

161 Both predators and brood parasites can be major threats to the reproduction

162 Virulence of avian brood parasites can trigger a coevolutionary arms race,

163 f naturalists for centuries: why do hosts of brood parasites generally fail to recognize parasitic of

164 Cleptoparasitic bees, which are brood parasites in the nests of other bees, have long ca

165 Birds parasitized by interspecific brood parasites often adopt defences based on egg recogn

166 For example, hosts of avian brood parasites should be selected to increase the relia

167 Young brood parasites that tolerate the company of host offspr

168 Young avian brood parasites typically beg more intensively and loudl

169 Brood parasites usually reduce their host's breeding suc

170 They are obligate brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other

171 egg recognition mechanism hosts use to foil brood parasites.

172 rapidly increase their nest defense against brood parasites.

173 t more common in hosts of most interspecific brood parasites.

174 to the costly trickery of cuckoos and other brood parasites.

175 Both islands are devoid of egg-mimicking brood parasites.

176 g host-specific races (or 'gentes') in avian brood parasites.

177 is well-known in egg appearances of hosts of brood parasitic birds [2,3,7], which might also occur in

178 Brood parasitic birds lay their eggs in other birds' nes

179 oevolution between species is egg mimicry by brood parasitic birds, resulting from rejection behavior

180 Female brood parasitic common cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, are eit

181 A recent study shows that brood parasitic cowbirds employ Mafia-like tactics to di

182 In brood parasitic cowbirds, hippocampus (Hp) size is corre

183 aptation of interacting species--an obligate brood parasitic duck and each of its two main hosts--are

184 ternal inheritance of egg colouration in the brood-parasitic common cuckoo Cuculus canorus.

185 lications for the evolutionary links between brood parasitism and communal breeding.

186 e resolved by the discovery of intraspecific brood parasitism and conspecific egg rejection within th

187 Brood parasitism and egg rejection behavior provide a mo

188 d in greater productivity because of reduced brood parasitism and increased nest survival, whereas gr

189 High levels of conspecific brood parasitism are found in a communally breeding bird

190 Why do many hosts accept costly avian brood parasitism even when parasitic eggs and nestlings

191 and rejection of foreign eggs in response to brood parasitism from cuckoos, and cuckoos have evolved

192 s, biotic interactions and local demography: brood parasitism had little detected impact on extinctio

193 Intraspecific brood parasitism has been reported in around 200 species

194 es that reduce the high costs of conspecific brood parasitism in American coots.

195 Empirical evidence for structured brood parasitism is, however, lacking for hosts of Europ

196 dividuals of the same species (intraspecific brood parasitism).

197 es, including early spring flight season and brood parasitism, which may indicate adaptation to condi

198 l selection as a counteradaptation to cuckoo brood parasitism.

199 features may be an evolutionary response to brood parasitism.

200 er chances of successfully defending against brood parasitism.

201 duced rates of multiple mating by the embryo-brooding parent in various fish species with three alter

202 records of first egg dates from four single-brooded passerine bird species.

203 re associated with species that had multiple broods per season, lived in nonagricultural habitats and

204 LT (lateral antennal lobe tract) neurons and brood pheromone is mainly processed by m-ALT (median ant

205 's life cycle, and the exploitation of bees' brood pheromones is particularly significant given these

206 However, an unexplored possibility is that brood pouch evolution was partly shaped by parent-offspr

207 iver of bony fishes, for a novel role in the brood pouch of pregnant male pipefish.

208 Hence, the male brood pouch of syngnathid fishes, which nurtures offspri

209 sion changes in pregnant versus non-pregnant brood pouch tissue and characterize the genomic organiza

210 narily significant novel structure, the male brood pouch.

211 markable novelty among vertebrates, the male brood pouch.

212 ome parasitized by individuals from the same brood prior to dispersal of siblings within the soil.

213 ygienic activities), and colony development (brood production and pollen stores) in all treated colon

214 g of gosling mass, corrected for age, across brood rearing areas (BRAs) and years [Akaike model weigh

215 7-2004) of black brent goslings across seven brood rearing areas (BRAs).

216 was inhibited when bees were stimulated for brood rearing by placing overwintering beehives in straw

217 ibited when beehives were allowed to restore brood rearing by removing the screen, supporting the hyp

218 g the screen, supporting the hypothesis that brood rearing status is a main factor in the regulation

219 Since brood rearing status is influenced by various stress fac

220 back to the cold field, thereby suppressing brood rearing.

221 supplementation accelerated the induction of brood-rearing activity and the inhibition of AmAChE1 exp

222 ate spring, thereby artificially suppressing brood-rearing activity, AmAChE1 was highly expressed.

223 died geese, and (ii) goslings from subarctic brood-rearing areas have a limited capacity to slow grow

224 nsity-related degradation of their saltmarsh brood-rearing habitat.

225 ) practice both strategies by switching from brood reduction to compensation across time.

226 od size through death of marginal offspring (brood reduction), or feed the disadvantaged chicks to re

227 Up to five vacant cells in the brood region can be occupied by cell-heating bees which,

228 at flux and temperature distributions in the brood region so as to maintain conditions that benefit t

229 both horizontally and vertically despite its brooding reproductive mode and maternal transmission of

230 We collected two data sets: (a) brood sex ratios of wild-caught males mated to standard

231 Number of available broods and offspring per brood showed low additive genetic variances.

232 g fruits play an important role as a food or brood site in many insect groups such as Diptera, Hymeno

233 eding on offspring fitness, but no effect of brood size (number of sporophytes per maternal ramet).

234 4, su177 and sf20, show reduced motility and brood size and disorganization of muscle structure.

235 II transporter, pitr-1, results in decreased brood size and dramatically increased expression of vite

236 RNAi to dpy-21 normalized brood size and fat storage phenotypes in rict-1 mutants,

237 we found no significant correlations between brood size and genetically deduced incidence of multiple

238 ificant correlation in invertebrates between brood size and genetically deduced rates of multiple mat

239 y a reduction in body size, generation time, brood size and lifespan.

240 These defects result in reduced brood size and partially penetrant embryonic lethality.

241 We used maternal age at reproduction, brood size and survival rates in combination with DNA me

242 animals also display a significantly reduced brood size at 25 degrees C.

243 dults display smaller germ lines and reduced brood size consistent with a role for XND-1 in germ cell

244 RNAi), physiological apoptosis is increased, brood size is modestly reduced, and early embryonic cyto

245 phenotypes of slowed development and reduced brood size observed when the animals are fed Q-replete E

246 We found that the brood size of C. elegans was significantly reduced by ar

247 Neither growth nor brood size of the moma-1, chch-3, or immt-1 single mutan

248 -2 is sufficient to reduce the body size and brood size of wild-type animals.

249 This evolutionary pressure resulted in a brood size reduction of 60%.

250 y may have evolved, highlighting the role of brood size regulation via infanticide in this genus.

251 pecies, parents are thought to either adjust brood size through death of marginal offspring (brood re

252 te exposure in F0 and that this reduction in brood size was also observed in the offspring generation

253 The overall brood size was, however, unaffected.

254 length, decrease of growth rate, decrease of brood size, and decrease of the elimination rate).

255 g treatment reduced the body size, mobility, brood size, and life span of adult animals.

256 h, an increased time of development, reduced brood size, and reduced life span were observed in the m

257 developmental rate, pharyngeal pumping rate, brood size, body movement, activation of the mitochondri

258 during adulthood also reduces germ cells and brood size, in part by inducing inappropriate apoptosis

259 results in slow developmental rate, reduced brood size, small body size, increased fat mass and trun

260 e held nestling age constant but manipulated brood size.

261 ications for the evolution of sex ratios and brood size.

262 ter animals also showed slow growth, smaller brood sizes and decreased longevity; phenotypes observed

263 nd mutants in either Asf1 genes have reduced brood sizes and low penetrance defects in gametogenesis.

264 ymmetrical assortative mating, while reduced brood sizes and male-biased F(1) sex ratios suggest post

265 owever, affected families had larger initial brood sizes than unaffected families.

266 nd consequently exhibit dramatically reduced brood sizes.

267 ts for strains that permit larger C. elegans brood sizes.

268 but increased significantly with parasitoid brood sizes.

269 have predictable consequences for a parent's brood space, its effective fecundity, its opportunities

270 on hypothesis") about how constraints on the brooding space for embryos probably truncate individual

271 ultibrooded species and decreased for single-brooded species.

272 crustaceans, show an interesting variety of brooding strategies.

273 d sperm displacement from genotype counts of brood-structured data.

274 ncrease the chances of survival of the whole brood, suggesting a beneficial fitness value of cross-ov

275 it is likely that egg development, and hence brooding, takes years [1].

276 e; however, it significantly reduced queens' brood tending ability.

277 reeders were more likely to attempt a second brood than those starting later in the season, and that

278 oney bee pheromonal compounds emitted by the brood, the workers, and the queen.

279 They are known to protect and brood their eggs until the juveniles hatch, but to date

280 bers per clutch in invertebrate animals that brood their offspring and then compare findings with ana

281 In many syngnathid species, males brood their offspring in a specialized pouch, which pres

282 e it would promote a more female-biased wasp brood, thus increasing the tree's fitness.

283 toms can be produced by chronically exposing brood to both an organosilicone surfactant adjuvant (OSS

284 earned from the first-hatched chicks of each brood to recognize and reject parasitic chicks.

285 Subjecting gyne-destined brood to simulated AD-frequency vibrations caused them t

286 ear survival decline threefold from year- to brood- to individual level, so that estimates of selecti

287 The time to first brood was delayed in the highest FPW (0.04%) treatment.

288 Broods were fathered by up to 3 different males.

289 load from mating randomly and produce fewer brood with advanced development compared with environmen

290 Parents rearing broods with 1:1 sex ratios were more productive than par

291 use they are viviparous, are able to produce broods with environmentally (socially) independent pheno

292 their sex chromosomes unequally and produce broods with highly skewed sex ratios.

293 c paternity analyses reveal cuckoldry in all broods, with fewer than 25% of offspring being sired by

294 ious mortality rates, eliminating 99% of the brood within a few days after first feeding.

295 17 yr periodical cicada, Magicicada cassini (Brood X), were revealed by high-resolution microcomputed

296 both populations, mean RS was higher in the brood year experiencing lower predation intensity.

297 quite small (harmonic mean N(b)=25 fish per brood-year vs 373 for wild fish), and was exacerbated by

298 Selection coefficients were similar across brood years with different levels of predation, often in

299 ckeye salmon populations for two consecutive brood years with very different predation intensities ac

300 very different predation intensities across brood years.