ライフサイエンスコーパス: butyrate

1 cular-weight (LMW) organic acids acetate and butyrate.

2 the production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate.

3 coupled receptor, is activated by niacin and butyrate.

4 the inhibition of histone deacetylases by n-butyrate.

5 obiota fermentation end-product succinate to butyrate.

6 ueled by the presence of D-glucose and ethyl butyrate.

7 e levels of a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), butyrate.

8 Int), mice, correlating with fecal levels of butyrate.

9 e capacity of the commensal flora to produce butyrate.

10 eased production of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

11 orbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and/or n-butyrate.

12 d were 10(4) to 10(5) times more potent than butyrate.

13 t observed with chemical induction by sodium butyrate.

14 ridine (IUdR); none was detected with sodium butyrate.

15 that produces acetate, ethanol, butanol, and butyrate.

16 ersion of acetyl coenzyme A into butanol and butyrate.

17 he concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate.

18 ter treatment with an HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate.

19 nt to LAQ824, vorinostat, LBH589, and sodium butyrate.

20 -derived Wnt-5a and the microbial metabolite butyrate.

21 ored after local administration of exogenous butyrate.

22 ther less favorable acyl substrates, such as butyrate, 2-methylpropionate, or 2-methylvalerate, were

23 Conversion of acetate into butyrate (24%) was the most prevalent interconversion by

24 the spreads, such as isobutyl acetate, butyl butyrate, 3-hexen-1-yl acetate or propan-2-ol.

25 Butyrate, a bacterial product from fermentation of dieta

26 Here, we report that butyrate, a natural small fatty acid and histone deacety

27 Unbiased screening identified butyrate, a prominent bacterial metabolite, as a potent

28 Moreover, sodium butyrate abolished the beneficial effects of aPC in expe

29 The hyperacetylating agent sodium butyrate abolished the suppressive effect of aPC on p66(

30 n glucose as their primary energy source, so butyrate accumulated and functioned as an HDAC inhibitor

31 logenetic groups and key metabolites such as butyrate, acetate and propionate in response to a one un

32 The mechanism of butyrate action depended on the transcription factor Fox

33 The mechanism of butyrate action is related to promotion of energy expend

34 These observations suggest that the butyrate activation of NHE2 would be a potential target

35 Bacteria-derived butyrate affects epithelial O2 consumption and results i

36 ted SCFAs (61:22:17, acetate, propionate and butyrate) after prolonged (24h) fermentation, suppressed

37 Butyrate also elicits its biologic effects through its a

38 g hESC media with the small molecules sodium butyrate and 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep).

39 atch" strategy showed that different SCFA (n-butyrate and acetate) appended to the same core sugar al

40 structurally related short-chain fatty acids butyrate and acetate, suppresses activation of the NLRP3

41 es including antiviral therapy with arginine butyrate and adoptive allogeneic T-cell therapy.

42 d induction of 5HT production in response to butyrate and decreased secretion of antimicrobial peptid

43 Ethyl butyrate and ethyl octanoate odour thresholds doubled or

44 of isoamyl acetate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl octanoate was investigated in model s

45 ion of most esters (ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl octanoate) while gallic acid displaye

46 In particular, butyrate and FBA improved respiratory capacity and fatty

47 f the mitochondrial dynamic toward fusion by butyrate and FBA resulted in the improvement not only of

48 depletion of the microbiota reduces colonic butyrate and HIF expression, both of which are restored

49 s a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate and is approved for treatment of urea cycle dis

50 rotein Buk2 catalyzes the phosphorylation of butyrate and isobutyrate.

51 In conclusion, butyrate and its more palatable synthetic derivative, FB

52 sis, but only in the presence of its ligands butyrate and nicotinate.

53 Herein, we demonstrate that butyrate and other short chain fatty acids supplemented

54 normal flora produces significant amounts of butyrate and other short chain fatty acids, these data p

55 ucts of bacterial anaerobic metabolism, like butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indu

56 tion of health-promoting metabolites such as butyrate and potentially carcinogenic metabolites such a

57 Here we report that butyrate and propionate block the generation of dendriti

58 ike acetate, short chain fatty acids such as butyrate and propionate failed to prevent loss of cell v

59 oxylate transporter Slc5a8, which transports butyrate and propionate into cells, and on the ability o

60 he blockade of dendritic cell development by butyrate and propionate is associated with decreased exp

61 tin, and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate were determined in children aged

62 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; butyrate and propionate) up-regulate embryonic/fetal glo

63 Like butyrate and propionate, the prototypical hydroxyamic ac

64 at the same time increased the production of butyrate and propionate.

65 ofiles, which are high in acetate and low in butyrate and propionate.

66 tions of the bacterial fermentation products butyrate and propionate.

67 Propionate, butyrate and pyruvate also reduced contractions with sim

68 d by differentiated colonocytes that consume butyrate and stimulate future studies on the interplay o

69 ulture in the histone deacetylase inhibitors butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, followed b

70 ne deacetylase (pan-HDAC) inhibitor arginine butyrate and the antiherpes viral drug ganciclovir in th

71 at the histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A (TSA) facilitated partner pr

72 In this study, we show that sodium butyrate and Trichostatin A (TSA), two structurally diff

73 The histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A require a relatively long pe

74 udy included short-chain fatty acids (sodium butyrate and valproic acid); hydroxamic acids (oxamflati

75 cetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including sodium butyrate and valproic acid, induces 15-PGDH expression.

76 of higher organic acids (e.g., lactate, iso-butyrate, and propionate), which was accompanied by incr

77 rmentation products acetate, propionate, and butyrate are believed, at least in part, to be responsib

78 Furthermore, the influences of butyrate are lost in cells lacking HIF, thus linking but

79 Millimolar concentrations of butyrate are needed to activate the receptor.

80 ydrates (NDCs)] and the fermentation product butyrate are protective against colorectal cancer and ma

81 fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites that mediate the int

82 fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites that mediate the int

83 Thus, our study identifies butyrate as a chemical factor capable of promoting iPS c

84 elial cells and that the receptor recognizes butyrate as a ligand.

85 mise include antiviral therapy with arginine butyrate, as well as Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotox

86 main target of the beneficial effect of both butyrate-based compounds in reverting insulin resistance

87 ed methanogenic communities with propionate, butyrate, benzoate, acetate, formate and H2 from two dif

88 physiological concentrations of beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), glucose, and iron that are similar to th

89 ctions important for H2 and CO2 homeostasis, butyrate biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transp

90 he established inhibitors trichostatin A and butyrate, but the genes deregulated overlap significantl

91 In contrast, in DSS-induced inflammation, butyrate-, but not HCO3 (-)-dependent Na(+) absorption i

92 ucose and fructose on the retention of ethyl butyrate by low acyl gellan gels was investigated by sta

93 Dietary supplementation of butyrate can prevent and treat diet-induced insulin resi

94 rumen plant material to acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and methane.

95 Pyruvate and butyrate competed for acetyl-CoA production, as evidence

96 resulted in a significant increase in fecal butyrate concentration.

97 in a separate model.Acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations decreased throughout the day (P

98 measuring individual acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations with sensitivity down to 5mgl(-1

99 rnative metabolic pathways in situ producing butyrate, cyclohexanecarboxylate and benzoate as catabol

100 one deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid and butyrate dampened AICDA/Aicda (AID) and PRDM1/Prdm1 (Bli

101 In addition to butyrate, de novo Treg-cell generation in the periphery

102 3-OH butyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2), a member of the short-cha

103 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 2 (Bdh2), catalyzes a rate-limiti

104 An evolutionarily conserved 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase

105 Initial studies with butyrate demonstrated that this compound significantly i

106 inflammation activates NHE2, which mediates butyrate-dependent (but not HCO3 (-)-dependent) Na(+) ab

107 demonstrate that both HCO3 (-)-dependent and butyrate-dependent Na(+) absorption are inhibited by S32

108 on NHE3 mediates both HCO3 (-)-dependent and butyrate-dependent Na(+) absorption, whereas DSS-induced

109 Dietary butyrate did not stimulate gut hormone secretion.

110 mouse embryonic fibroblasts are treated with butyrate during reprogramming.

111 Slc5a8 and the non-involvement of Gpr109a in butyrate effects have been substantiated using bone marr

112 Following butyrate enemas to induce non-inflammatory visceral pain

113 nhibition of histone deacetylation by sodium butyrate enhanced contextual but not cued fear condition

114 Pretreating melanoma cells with sodium butyrate enhanced titers of pOka-61proDeltaSp1ac but not

115 ECs), we discovered that SCFAs, particularly butyrate, enhanced IEC barrier formation, induced IL-10R

116 Inhibition of HDAC activity by sodium butyrate enhances recruitment of acetylated histone 3 to

117 e extracts, a release was observed for ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate

118 Additionally, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl caproate, ethyl

119 ira and acetate (FDR-corrected P = 0.002) or butyrate (FDR-corrected P = 0.005).

120 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate for 1 wk after stress.

121 ; 6% of bacteria had an atypical pathway for butyrate formation and 33% of bacteria had an atypical o

122 tative of the Firmicutes that contributes to butyrate formation from a variety of dietary polysacchar

123 ng levels of NADH, in part via generation of butyrate from acetate, which in turn is used by the gut

124 rt-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, generated by bacterial fermentation of dietary

125 also reduced NF-kappaB activity in the order butyrate>propionate>>acetate with IC(5)(0) of 51, 223, a

126 t observed with decitabine and pomalidomide; butyrate had an intermediate effect whereas tranylcyprom

127 F inducers hemin, trichostatin A, and sodium butyrate had significantly reduced mRNA levels of HDAC9

128 igh in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administere

129 e three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) improved renal dysfunction caused by injury.

130 The reduced butyrate in CD326(+) intestinal epithelial cells (IECs)

131 ffects of the bacterial fermentation product butyrate in colon.

132 Although concentrations of butyrate in colonic lumen are sufficient to activate the

133 are utilized by the host and propionate and butyrate in particular exert a range of health-promoting

134 pressed as well as preferentially induced by butyrate in sensitive cell lines.

135 PR109A (encoded by Niacr1) is a receptor for butyrate in the colon.

136 ceramide, is up-regulated in the presence of butyrate in vitro, we asked whether a high fiber diet (H

137 ajor SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, induced the disease.

138 r109a, but this mechanism is not involved in butyrate-induced blockade of dendritic cell development.

139 Sodium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 and Caco-2 cell

140 ency of cancer cells, and reduced the sodium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 cells.

141 We previously reported that sodium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 colon cancer ce

142 ZBP-89 is required for butyrate-induced expression of the Tph1 gene and subsequ

143 tion, and (2) the simultaneous inhibition of butyrate-induced Hsp25 by Wnt-5a which is necessary to a

144 In morphine pre-exposed rats, butyrate-induced referred hypersensitivity was enhanced

145 we show that physiological concentrations of butyrate induces reactive oxygen species that transientl

146 omoter, which was required for its basal and butyrate-inducible expression.

147 ZBP-89 (also ZNF148 or Zfp148) is a butyrate-inducible zinc finger transcription factor that

148 lines sensitive (42%) and resistant (58%) to butyrate induction of ALP activity.

149 istant cell lines, KLF5 knockdown attenuated butyrate induction of ALPi expression in sensitive lines

150 tical KLF/Sp regulatory element required for butyrate induction of ALPi promoter activity.

151 However, butyrate induction of an exogenous ALPi promoter-reporte

152 These findings demonstrate that butyrate induction of the cell differentiation marker AL

153 In contrast, free CoA, like unconjugated butyrate, inhibits HDAC activity in vitro.

154 cial conversion of hydrophobic p-nitrophenyl butyrate into yellow water-soluble p-nitrophenolate cata

155 Butyrate is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, but ap

156 Among these bacterial metabolites, butyrate is biologically most relevant.

157 We previously demonstrated that sodium butyrate is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease (HD)

158 Butyrate is the primary energy source of normal colonocy

159 ocol using HP [1-(13)C]pyruvate and [1-(13)C]butyrate is used to measure carbohydrate versus fatty ac

160 Feeding of butyrate, isobutyrate and glycolate results in the produ

161 cetate kinase, knowledge of the structure of butyrate kinase 2 (Buk2) will aid in the interpretation

162 In the obese mice, supplementation of butyrate led to an increase in insulin sensitivity and a

163 Treatment of macrophages with n-butyrate led to the down-regulation of lipopolysaccharid

164 atty acid levels and nonfasting beta-hydroxy butyrate levels were lower.

165 tion was accompanied by dysbiosis, decreased butyrate levels, and substantially elevated lactate leve

166 mouse intestinal lumen, leading to decreased butyrate levels, increased epithelial oxygenation, and a

167 supported by increased lactate and decreased butyrate levels.

168 t-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate, ligands that originate largely as fermentation

169 asis, differentiated colonocytes metabolized butyrate likely preventing it from reaching proliferatin

170 hibitor 5-azacytidine and the HDAC inhibitor butyrate markedly reduced CSC abundance and increased th

171 Butyrate [median (IQR): 31 ng/mL (112-22 ng/mL) compared

172 l. (2014) demonstrate that microbial-derived butyrate mediated its protective activity against inflam

173 Moreover, Gpr109a was essential for butyrate-mediated induction of IL-18 in colonic epitheli

174 ting that cohesins may be a direct target of butyrate-mediated lytic induction.

175 Butyrate metabolism and CH4 production by washed cell su

176 e sought to determine the role of epithelial butyrate metabolism in establishing the austere oxygenat

177 are lost in cells lacking HIF, thus linking butyrate metabolism to stabilized HIF and barrier functi

178 nd show that physiological concentrations of butyrate modulate the ubiquitination and degradation of

179 of the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) after contextual fear conditioning and ex

180 Specifically, we show that sodium butyrate (NaB) and panobinostat (LBH589), two broad-spec

181 istone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, sodium butyrate (NaB) and trichostatin A (TSA), and the DNA met

182 of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with sodium butyrate (NaB) resulted in increased H3K4 trimethylation

183 tch those attained with post-training sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor p

184 (KSHV) are induced in cell culture by sodium butyrate (NaB), a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) histone

185 e studied the effects of three HDACi, sodium butyrate (NaB), trichostatin A (TSA), and valproic acid

186 The HDACIs sodium butyrate (NaB), valproate (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydr

187 sters in HSV-1 was analyzed following sodium butyrate (NaB)- and explant-induced reactivation in the

188 radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or sodium butyrate (NaB).

189 n of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaB; 0.3 M, 0.4 g/kg, i.p.), significantly inc

190 cells with the differentiating agent sodium butyrate (NaBT) increased PTEN expression, NFAT binding

191 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaBu) induced PKCdelta expression in cultured

192 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBu) to examine the expression and function o

193 Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a form of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)

194 tion of lactate-utilizing bacteria producing butyrate, namely Eubacterium and Anaerostipes species, s

195 adecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sodium butyrate, no significant difference was seen in overall

196 We show that butyrate not only changes the reprogramming dynamics, bu

197 The effects of butyrate on enhancing induction of Cyp1b1/CYP1B1, AhR re

198 Detailed analysis reveals that the effect of butyrate on reprogramming appears to be mediated by c-My

199 and that supplementation with either sodium butyrate or DZNep preserve class I nuclei in the self-re

200 gs differing in the stereochemistry of their butyrate or oxazoline moieties were not recognized by hu

201 siccated substrates in liquid (p-nitrophenyl butyrate) or solid (p-nitrophenyl palmitate) form can be

202 d with changes in propionate (P < 0.001) and butyrate (P < 0.02) concentrations, respectively.

203 SCFAs (P = 0.044), acetate (P = 0.029), and butyrate (P = 0.055).

204 The activities were monitored on p-NP-butyrate, p-NP-laurate and p-NP-palmitate.

205 d) affected total fermentation product and n-butyrate performance parameters with corn fiber as the c

206 -carboxylic acid cycle) and polyhydroxy-beta-butyrate (PHB) synthesis related proteins were overrepre

207 .4%) in butyrate; this effect was greater in butyrate plus insulin/erythropoietin (BIE), at 19.5% (+/

208 On the high-fat diet, supplementation of butyrate prevented development of insulin resistance and

209 hat in mice a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), butyrate, produced by commensal microorganisms during st

210 Butyrate, produced by fermentation in the large intestin

211 Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, produced through anaerobic microbial metabolis

212 crobial populations, including the main SCFA-butyrate producers in the colon, were not altered in the

213 cluding reductions in bifidobacteria and key butyrate producers.

214 ated to the enriched OTUs, including several butyrate-producers, demonstrated that the strains caused

215 vironmental factors, of major propionate and butyrate producing bacteria are discussed in relation to

216 In addition, H. contortus-induced changes in butyrate producing bacteria could regulate mucosal infla

217 ples were Roseburia inulinivorans DSM 16841, butyrate producing bacterium SS3/4 and most of MGS enric

218 -0.54, P = 0.002) and with the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (r = -0.52, P = 0.005).

219 vestigated the effects of well-characterized butyrate-producing bacteria Clostridium butyricum CGMCC0

220 We hypothesized that supplementation with butyrate-producing bacteria may exert beneficial effects

221 iversity of microbiota and high abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria were associated with milder

222 he abundance of select lactate-consuming and butyrate-producing bacteria.

223 e abundant in HF diabetic mice and increased butyrate-producing bacteria.

224 ts with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have decreased butyrate-producing bacteria.

225 nococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families and butyrate-producing C2 to C4 anaerobic fermenters, were s

226 olonic microbiota and was not related to the butyrate-producing capacity in the faecal samples.

227 The butyrate-producing capacity of the intestinal microbiota

228 with 17 rationally selected strains of high butyrate-producing Clostridia also decreased GVHD.

229 t streptomycin treatment depleted commensal, butyrate-producing Clostridia from the mouse intestinal

230 ion through the same mechanism: depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia to elevate epithelial oxyg

231 Depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia, either through oral antib

232 ded with the increase in bacteria related to butyrate-producing Coprococcus eutactus (r = -0.59, P =

233 Total bacteria and major butyrate-producing groups were significantly more abunda

234 mumol/kg/min; P < .05) along with levels of butyrate-producing intestinal microbiota.

235 We found that the depletion of butyrate-producing microbes by antibiotic treatment redu

236 Eubacterium rectale, an important butyrate-producing organism in the gut, consumes a limit

237 ause the low abundance of bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing species could adversely affect the in

238 hat a low abundance of lactate-producing and butyrate-producing species was associated with beta-cell

239 microbiome shifts in T2D with a depletion of butyrate-producing taxa.

240 se chain reaction of the major fermentative, butyrate-producing, and bile acid-deconjugating bacteria

241 gh fiber diet (HFD) that reportedly enhances butyrate production by normal gut flora can influence th

242 duction rate of 0.74 g COD l(-1) d(-1) and n-butyrate production rate of 0.47 g COD l(-1) d(-1) in bi

243 a novel mechanism by which microbial-derived butyrate promotes barrier through IL-10RA-dependent repr

244 histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) sodium butyrate promotes differentiation of colon cancer cells

245 va et al. (2014) show that microbial-derived butyrate promotes proliferation of cancer-initiated inte

246 lls, and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate also induce similar pro

247 etry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoa

248 ysis of CSCs treated with 5-azacytidine plus butyrate provided evidence that inhibition of chromatin

249 electron acceptor, acetate, propionate, and butyrate readily elongated with ethanol, whereas an adap

250 isogenic mutant of S. typhimurium lacks this butyrate-regulated locus and stimulated, rather than sup

251 ly correlates with IEC barrier formation and butyrate represses permeability-promoting claudin-2 tigh

252 P-ribose (ADPr) and acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively.

253 TPA-inducible sequence 11b/butyrate response factor 1 (TIS11b/BRF1) belongs to the

254 ions in either the canonical cAMP- or in the butyrate-response elements of the TH promoter; or by co-

255 Butyrate restoration improved IEC junctional integrity,

256 .g., Clostridia) and associated decreases in butyrate result in increased tissue oxygen and increased

257 tion was associated with a selective, sodium butyrate-reversible promoter accumulation of HDAC4.

258 In in vivo loop studies HCO3 (-)-Ringer and butyrate-Ringer exhibit similar rates of water absorptio

259 Lumen butyrate-Ringer incubation activated NHE3-mediated Na(+)

260 whereas in DSS-induced inflammation luminal butyrate-Ringer reversed water secretion observed with H

261 nhibitors (HDACIs) trichostatin A and sodium butyrate (SB) ameliorate mitochondrial function in cells

262 urally related short chain fatty acid sodium butyrate (SB) induces TH transcription and alters TH mRN

263 ar, the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (SB) may indirectly (through reduced hypoxia-in

264 n of ALPi expression in sensitive lines, and butyrate selectively enhanced KLF5 binding to the ALPi p

265 ithelial signaling through the intracellular butyrate sensor peroxisome proliferator-activated recept

266 Consequently, butyrate stimulated the proliferation of normal colonocy

267 g a cell culture system, we demonstrate that butyrate stimulated the release of GLP-1 from intestinal

268 IF expression, both of which are restored by butyrate supplementation.

269 t HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A and sodium butyrate, suppress osteoclast differentiation through mu

270 In addition, GPR109A/butyrate suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB activation in

271 Butyrate synergistically enhanced AhR ligand-induced Cyp

272 ing carbohydrate-derived metabolites such as butyrate that fuel hyperproliferation of MSH2(-/-) colon

273 erial metabolites, like hydrogen sulfide and butyrate, the extent of their oxidation in colonocytes a

274 Following lytic reactivation by sodium butyrate, the levels of the approximately 23- to 24-kDa

275 - 2.2%) in propionate and 5.4% (+/- 3.4%) in butyrate; this effect was greater in butyrate plus insul

276 Exposure of stem/progenitor cells in vivo to butyrate through either mucosal injury or application to

277 Butyrate-treated [65.5% (+/- 9.9%)] and 77.5% (+/- 4.0%)

278 hronized proliferating, M-phase arrested and butyrate-treated cells, fully preserving their native PT

279 Butyrate treatment caused a rapid dissociation of cohesi

280 adecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sodium butyrate treatment, in EBV-infected epithelial cells by

281 Butyrate uptake was unaffected by fasting, as indicated

282 colonic-administered acetate, propionate and butyrate was 36%, 9% and 2%, respectively.

283 When butyrate was administered to HFD-fed K-ras(G12Dint) mice

284 N AND In dietary-obese C57BL/6J mice, sodium butyrate was administrated through diet supplementation

285 oost in Treg-cell numbers after provision of butyrate was due to potentiation of extrathymic differen

286 but low or not detectable in the cecum while butyrate was present in the cecum but not the ileum.

287 with palmitate and 2-bromopalmitate whereas butyrate was virtually ineffective.

288 duction events, and epigenetic agents (e.g., butyrate) was thought to end latency.

289 Thapsigargin and sodium 4-phenyl butyrate were inefficient.

290 s of (13) C-labelled acetate, propionate and butyrate were introduced in the colon of 12 healthy subj

291 utyrate and longer-chained fatty acids above butyrate were not elongated.

292 and conversion between acetoacetate and B-OH-butyrate, were assigned higher weights.

293 Alterations in the amount of only one SCFA, butyrate, were observed only in the intestinal tissue.

294 se activity of patatin towards o-nitrophenyl butyrate, whereas FeCl3-based one exhibited the highest

295 dynamics, and producing metabolites such as butyrate, which affect DNA integrity and immune regulati

296 to generate short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which has anti-inflammatory effects.

297 emonstrate that the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate, which is secreted in high amounts by commensal

298 upled receptor for nicotinate but recognizes butyrate with low affinity.

299 oadministration of the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate with PNFlx prevented the dysregulation of Hdac4

300 total fermentation product yield of 39%, a n-butyrate yield of 23% (both on a COD basis), a maximum t