ライフサイエンスコーパス: caffeine

1 on coupled with electrochemical detection of caffeine.

2 which suggests a novel protection window by caffeine.

3 the phenolic compounds chlorogenic acid and caffeine.

4 ic effect, dismissing the systemic action of caffeine.

5 nsiderable amounts of phenolic compounds and caffeine.

6 c neurons in the arousal-promoting effect of caffeine.

7 Ca(2+) release observed with the RyR agonist caffeine.

8 role in addition to .OH and Cl. in degrading caffeine.

9 Arrhythmogenic effects were studied using caffeine.

10 m release via ryanodine receptors induced by caffeine.

11 these neurons abrogates sleep suppression by caffeine.

12 r cell wall stress, imposed, for example, by caffeine.

13 e-promoting psychostimulants, armodafinil or caffeine.

14 but not electrocortical, arousal response to caffeine.

15 ary stenosis, and after preadministration of caffeine.

16 omotion after treatment with A2A antagonist, caffeine.

17 When caffeine (1 mmol l(-1)) was added to a cell which displa

18 Caffeine (1.25g/100g), chlorogenic acid (246mg/100g), an

19 stimulated with normal consumption levels of caffeine (3 muM and 10 muM), over a period of 9 h.

20 ty of SCH58261 (0.1 mg/kg; A2AR antagonist), caffeine (5 mg/kg), but not DPCPX (0.5 mg/kg; A1R antago

21 Caffeine (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg), a nonspecific adenosine r

22 After preadministration of caffeine, a known inhibitor of adenosine, resting MBF de

23 Coffee seeds also contain caffeine, a pharmaceutically important methylxanthine.

24 d chronic animal pain models, oral intake of caffeine, a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, interf

25 t-order kinetics, whereas the degradation of caffeine accelerated with reaction.

26 n adenosine-receptor mediated mechanisms for caffeine action, we have identified a role for dopaminer

27 el activity and the sensitivity to Ca(2+) or caffeine activation, whereas mutations Q4877A, E4878A, Q

28 orcing effectiveness of MDPV, methylone, and caffeine, administered alone and as binary mixtures (n=1

29 Here, we investigated whether chronic caffeine administration antagonizes salt sensitive hyper

30 AM neurons show increased activity following caffeine administration, and promote wake when activated

31 NaC activity of rats decreased after chronic caffeine administration.

32 hmias evoked by catecholaminergic challenge (caffeine/adrenaline) in S2814D(+/+) mice in vivo or prog

33 g in the world, but our understanding of how caffeine affects our brains is relatively incomplete.

34 drinks) and addictive substances (nicotine, caffeine, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drugs) was obta

35 ed detection limits (S/N=3) were 0.79muM for caffeine and 0.45muM for paracetamol.

36 The beverage Cascara contained 226mg/L of caffeine and 283mgGAE/L of total polyphenols whereas ant

37 It was determined that caffeine and 3-CGA concentrations reached equilibrium ac

38 n kinetics and equilibrium concentrations of caffeine and 3-chlorogenic acid (3-CGA) in cold brew cof

39 ent and -independent mechanisms, as combined caffeine and A2AR knockout produced additive and nearly

40 dependent mechanism, as revealed by combined caffeine and A2AR-knockout treatment.

41 e the presence of well-removed OWCs, such as caffeine and acetaminophen, may indicate discharges of p

42 essibility and bioavailability of phenolics, caffeine and antioxidant activity of wheat bread enriche

43 Caffeine and carbamazepine showed correlations with flor

44 The suspension was then supplemented with caffeine and gelatinized to fabricate hydrogels which we

45 rature ratios, studying bioactive compounds (caffeine and individual catechins), antioxidant capacity

46 We assessed the relation between caffeine and its metabolites and reproductive hormones i

47 ad significantly lower levels of tryptophan, caffeine and its metabolites, bilirubin and ergothionein

48 7p21 and 15q24 associated with higher plasma caffeine and lower plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow ca

49 respond normally to cytosolic Ca(2+) , ATP, caffeine and luminal Ca(2+) .

50 genetics research on alerting agents such as caffeine and modafinil that interact with the dopaminerg

51 Caffeine and modafinil, two wake-promoting agents that h

52 alyzed in these sections: diethyl phthalate, caffeine and nicotine.

53 he range of 10-125muM were obtained for both caffeine and paracetamol in acetate buffer solution of p

54 pplied for the quantitative determination of caffeine and paracetamol in Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola and te

55 s prepared for simultaneous determination of caffeine and paracetamol using square-wave voltammetry.

56 terfering substances in the determination of caffeine and paracetamol were also studied and their int

57 nd scan rate on the voltammetric response of caffeine and paracetamol.

58 ly slightly attenuated the results for serum caffeine and paraxanthine and anovulation.

59 ertiles compared with the lowest tertiles of caffeine and paraxanthine were also associated with redu

60 om control diets was affected by exposure to caffeine and pharmaceutical mixture treatments.

61 Previous studies on consumption of caffeine and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) have yielde

62 the antioxidant potential of bread; however, caffeine and synergism between antioxidants are also imp

63 adly similar between the group that received caffeine and the group that received placebo.

64 to the increased production of catechins and caffeine and thus enhance tea-processing suitability and

65 be 0.14 fmol for phenanthrene and 4 amol for caffeine and to a printed caffeine pattern for which a s

66 normally to cytosolic Ca(2+) , ATP, adenine, caffeine and to luminal Ca(2+) .

67 nd hormone treatments plus acetaminophen and caffeine and, 4) an untreated control.

68 ave been studied, Ca-sensitising (induced by caffeine) and non-sensitising (induced by ryanodine) and

69 : caffeine, and 3 : 1 and 1 : 1 methylone : caffeine) and sub-additive (3 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 3 MDPV

70 salts mixtures, supra-additive (3 : 1 MDPV : caffeine, and 3 : 1 and 1 : 1 methylone : caffeine) and

71 In response to high [K(+)], caffeine, and 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CMC), the maximal ten

72 water contaminants - Cr(VI), total chlorine, caffeine, and E. coli K12 - at similar wavelengths using

73 The well-known stimulant caffeine, and its xanthine alkaloid precursors, has evol

74 icularly with respect to smoking (nicotine), caffeine, and urate.

75 ted with the concentrations of ibuprofen and caffeine, anthropogenic indicators of untreated wastewat

76 affeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine are not risk factors for hypertension in postme

77 ebo-controlled randomized trials of neonatal caffeine are unlikely.

78 We prove this principle using caffeine as a substrate in vitro and then apply it in vi

79 h and follicular diffusion are studied using caffeine as an illustrative compound.

80 ggregates was explored in water, considering caffeine as the "target analyte".

81 mune system processes were down-regulated by caffeine at 3 h.

82 Local administration of caffeine at the acupuncture point was sufficient to elim

83 Moreover, caffeine attenuated not only hypoxia-induced pathologic

84 Chronic consumption of caffeine attenuates hypertension induced by high salt wi

85 DPV being the most potent and effective, and caffeine being the least potent and effective of the thr

86 used to estimate associations between serum caffeine biomarkers and geometric mean reproductive horm

87 eactions currently used for various steps of caffeine biosynthesis and required very few mutations to

88 Tetracaine reversed the effects of caffeine but not of ryanodine.

89 her expression levels of most flavonoid- and caffeine- but not theanine-related genes contribute to t

90 play an important role in the degradation of caffeine by UV/FC in saltwater.

91 ls, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) and caffeine, by low pressure ultraviolet (UV) light and sim

92 ion in the presence of paracetamol (PAR) and caffeine (CAF).

93 molecular basis for mechanism of action; (3) caffeine can continue to exert potent cortical desynchro

94 , these data indicate that a trace amount of caffeine can reversibly block the analgesic effects of a

95 d substances were theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins A2 and B2.

96 on of three different emerging contaminants (caffeine, ciprofloxacin, and propranolol) and two model

97 Caffeine citrate or placebo until drug therapy for apnea

98 Caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity reduce

99 We evaluated the association between total caffeine, coffee, and tea intake and the development of

100 Caffeine, coffee, and tea intake was measured by food-fr

101 between the 457 children assigned to receive caffeine compared with the 463 children assigned to rece

102 ld brew coffee is likely not due to 3-CGA or caffeine concentrations considering that most acids in c

103 Caffeine concentrations in cold brew coarse grind sample

104 The grind size did not impact 3-CGA and caffeine concentrations of cold brew samples significant

105 Eventually (at higher caffeine concentrations), the biphasic decay was replace

106 evaluate the associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and various health outcomes, we per

107 previously associated with lower coffee and caffeine consumption behavior in GWAS.

108 role of systemic caffeine levels in dietary caffeine consumption behavior.

109 esic effects of acupuncture, and controlling caffeine consumption during acupuncture may improve pain

110 is consistent with an inverse association of caffeine consumption with development of PD based on pas

111 s been reported in association with smoking, caffeine consumption, higher serum urate concentrations,

112 Tea is the world's oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medi

113 The caffeine content in coffee nectar (1.64 mg kg(-1)) was a

114 The caffeine content in the nectar from coffee flowers was m

115 However, high caffeine content is limiting its direct application.

116 Future studies aimed at manipulating caffeine content of plants will require the use of diffe

117 supplemented with 1% EtPp or HWSn had a low caffeine content.

118 Congo and maragogype variety showed highest caffeine contents with 6.5 and 6.8mg/gDM.

119 and nutritional properties, and mineral and caffeine contents.

120 constituents (l-ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, caffeine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG),

121 Importantly, caffeine decreases miR-301b expression through negative

122 mer showed highly sensitive interaction with caffeine despite poor selectivity, while the "strongly a

123 injected with a 10 muL aliquot of 10000 ppm caffeine DI-water solution, the microwave detector yield

124 e by the next day, and long-term exposure to caffeine did not alter A1 receptor expression at the acu

125 Here, we demonstrate that caffeine did not interfere with normal retinal vasculari

126 rotransmission was explored by administering caffeine during exercise.

127 ousal induced either by sleep deprivation or caffeine during the sleeping period potentiates light re

128 Embryos (F1 generation) exposed to caffeine early from embryonic (E) day 6.5-9.5 developed

129 sgenerationally, we exposed pregnant mice to caffeine equivalent to 2-4 cups of coffee at two embryon

130 ine stimulated proton secretion, whereby the caffeine-evoked effect was (i) shown to depend on one of

131 We hypothesized that caffeine evokes effects on GAS by activation of oral and

132 Caffeine exerts a protective effect on oculomotor contro

133 dies have evaluated the associations between caffeine exposure and menstrual cycle function, and we a

134 erm effects into adulthood and that prenatal caffeine exposure can exert adverse transgenerational ef

135 We previously found that in utero caffeine exposure causes down-regulation of DNA methyltr

136 This report shows that in utero caffeine exposure has long-term effects into adulthood a

137 Prenatal caffeine exposure was common in the sample (91%) with 12

138 n the flies' microbial communities; notably, caffeine fed insects displayed higher microbial variabil

139 rolled in the randomized, placebo-controlled Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial between October

140 Children enrolled in the CAP (Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity) randomized controlled

141 eration and F3 generation of mice exposed to caffeine from E10.5-13.5, as this coincides with germ ce

142 minute amount of dichloromethane, isolating caffeine from the sample matrix with no further sample p

143 organic crystalline compounds, phenazine and caffeine, from their suspension in 1,4-dioxane.

144 Caffeine, generally known as a stimulant of gastric acid

145 Fewer children in the caffeine group had values for FVC below the fifth centil

146 Expiratory flows were better in the caffeine group, by approximately 0.5 SD for most variabl

147 than 1,251 g who were treated with neonatal caffeine had improved respiratory function at 11 years o

148 one (methylone)) or synthetic cathinones and caffeine; however, little is known about whether interac

149 the developed method showed the presence of caffeine in breast milk samples (12-179ng/mL).

150 tisfactorily applied to the determination of caffeine in brewed, instant and decaf coffee samples, be

151 ive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of caffeine in coffee beverages.

152 Larvae exposed to caffeine in diets showed increased mortality, and larvae

153 protocol was utilized for the estimation of caffeine in different beverages and biological fluids wi

154 fed with high salt diet with or without 0.1% caffeine in drinking water for 15 days.

155 Together with clinical use of caffeine in neonates, our demonstration of the selective

156 is required for the wake-promoting effect of caffeine in the fly, and that caffeine likely acts presy

157 RATIONALE: Caffeine in the newborn period shortens the duration of

158 inearly proportional to the concentration of caffeine in the range of 0.5-20microM with a correlation

159 Caffeine increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease

160 In contrast, caffeine increased wake time, NREM gamma power, and LMA

161 produces moderate diuresis and natriuresis, caffeine increases the blood pressure (BP) through activ

162 octurnal rodents, both sleep deprivation and caffeine-induced arousal potentiate the photic entrainme

163 re, stac3(NAM) myofibers exhibited increased caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release across a wide range of c

164 sults in functional channels as indicated by caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release response in HEK293 cells

165 caffeine without significantly affecting the caffeine-induced Ca(2+) transient amplitude, a measure o

166 coplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load, measured by caffeine-induced Ca(2+) transients, was lower in CPVT VM

167 This inhibitory effect of HED on caffeine-induced GAS was verified in healthy human subje

168 , we demonstrate automated recordings of (i) caffeine-induced-, (ii) electrical field stimulation (EF

169 Caffeine intake (from 80.7 to 85.5 mg/d; P = .57) and le

170 a significant negative relationship between caffeine intake and children's IQ at 5.5 years (-.94 [95

171 s used to evaluate the associations of total caffeine intake and frequency of coffee and tea consumpt

172 The aim of this study was to assess whether caffeine intake by women during pregnancy is associated

173 We found an association between caffeine intake during pregnancy and impaired cognitive

174 idence from animal studies suggests maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy has detrimental effects

175 Measures included an estimate of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy, children's IQ at age 5

176 Our findings suggest that caffeine intake is not associated with PMS, and that cur

177 current recommendations for women to reduce caffeine intake may not help prevent the development of

178 Chronic caffeine intake prevented the development of salt-sensit

179 Although acute caffeine intake produces moderate diuresis and natriures

180 onservative guidelines regarding the maximum caffeine intake recommended in pregnancy (i.e., 200 mg/d

181 d) to the lowest (quintile median = 18 mg/d) caffeine intake was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.04; P-trend =

182 Neither caffeinated coffee nor caffeine intake was associated with mean systolic or dia

183 t for age, smoking, and other factors, total caffeine intake was not associated with PMS.

184 Clinicians often recommend limiting caffeine intake while attempting to conceive; however, f

185 = -1.70, -.17] full IQ unit per 100 mg daily caffeine intake).

186 men with PMS often are counseled to minimize caffeine intake, although only limited evidence supports

187 Caffeine intake, irrespective of the beverage source, ma

188 world-wide and one of the primary sources of caffeine intake.

189 e study, type and amount of coffee and total caffeine intakes were assessed by using self-reported qu

190 ated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and total caffeine intakes with mean blood pressure and incident h

191 The associations of coffee and caffeine intakes with the risk of incident hypertension

192 Examples include GIPR-caffeine interaction and obesity and include LAMP3-selen

193 Caffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance, bu

194 Caffeine is associated with procognitive effects in huma

195 Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substa

196 Caffeine is the most widely-consumed psychoactive drug i

197 Embryos exposed to caffeine later (E10.5-13.5) were not affected.

198 of this method is illustrated by quantifying caffeine levels in coffee, by identifying ingredients in

199 irm an important modulating role of systemic caffeine levels in dietary caffeine consumption behavior

200 A decrease in serum caffeine levels is consistent with an inverse associatio

201 ting effect of caffeine in the fly, and that caffeine likely acts presynaptically to increase dopamin

202 olesterolemia, hormone therapy, and alcohol, caffeine, magnesium, potassium, omega-3 (n-3), and proce

203 MDPV, methylone, and caffeine maintained responding in a dose-dependent manne

204 r caffeine treatment for apnea suggests that caffeine may protect against ROP.

205 genetic factors contributing to variation in caffeine metabolism and confirm an important modulating

206 to negatively regulate the expression of the caffeine metabolism genes and can thus be linked to coff

207 and lower plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow caffeine metabolism) were previously associated with low

208 lating the expression of the genes linked to caffeine metabolism.

209 ortant clinical functions that extend beyond caffeine metabolism.

210 , CIAT, glyphosate) and two pharmaceuticals (caffeine, metformin) with detection frequencies ranging

211 otic effects of ethanol, and pretreatment of caffeine might be a strategy to counter the hypnotic eff

212 The consumption of caffeine modulates working and reference memory through

213 The caffeine of one espresso coffee was equivalent to 130 bi

214 Most studies focus on effects of caffeine on adenosine receptors, but there is evidence f

215 Inhibiting AMPK abolished the effect of caffeine on alpha-ENaC.

216 y potential adverse or beneficial effects of caffeine on health.

217 Caffeine on its own induced no phase shifts.

218 ests potential mechanisms for the effects of caffeine on neuronal cells.

219 However, the long-term effects of caffeine on urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure

220 ognitive effects of A2AR antagonists, namely caffeine, on Alzheimer's and age-related cognitive impai

221 Caffeine, one component of coffee, has neuroprotective p

222 Caffeine, one identified NMNAT2 positive-modulator, when

223 n GWAS were nominally associated with plasma caffeine or its metabolites.

224 by making the ryanodine receptor leaky (with caffeine or ryanodine) or by decreasing sarco/endoplasmi

225 oses of the TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397, caffeine, or vehicle p.o.

226 In response to 4-CMC or caffeine, over 90% of myotubes formed from control myobl

227 ecular pharmaceutical ingredients, including caffeine, paracetamol, ibuprofen, tamoxifen, BAY 11-7082

228 nome-wide association study (GWAS) of plasma caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine and pa

229 ene and 4 amol for caffeine and to a printed caffeine pattern for which a spatial resolution of 8 +/-

230 aining coloured melanoidin-rich, sugars- and caffeine-poor fractions from instant coffee, in this wor

231 Caffeine preferentially protects against oxygen-induced

232 We have shown that convergent caffeine production, surprisingly, has evolved by two pr

233 ed from 1 to 5, SR Ca content (assessed with caffeine pulses) increased, the number of Ca wave initia

234 Caffeine quantification was linear from 2 to 75mgL(-1),

235 , theophylline, theobromine and paraxanthine/caffeine ratio among up to 9,876 individuals of European

236 At the hypoxic phase, caffeine reduced microglial activation and enhanced tip

237 At the hyperoxic phase, caffeine reduced oxygen-induced neural apoptosis by aden

238 bust diurnal pattern of sleep/wake activity, caffeine reduces nighttime sleep behavior independently

239 The amount of the caffeine released from hydrogel decreased by citrate cro

240 nergic neurons, as the ones relevant for the caffeine response.

241 homoeriodictyol (HED), a known inhibitor of caffeine's bitter taste.

242 chnique has been applied to phenanthrene and caffeine samples for which the limits of detection were

243 of concentrations in the absence of altered caffeine sensitivity as well as increased Ca(2+) in inte

244 Caffeine should be used routinely, while corticosteroids

245 However, in response to 4-CMC or caffeine, similar increases in intracellular calcium con

246 lasma caffeine and lower plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow caffeine metabolism) were previously asso

247 2 associated with higher plasma paraxanthine/caffeine (slow paraxanthine metabolism) were also associ

248 ulates GAS, whereas oral administration of a caffeine solution delays GAS in healthy human subjects.

249 er design, 11 cyclists consumed a placebo or caffeine solution during 180 min of stationary cycling.

250 lysis of data obtained from ingestion of the caffeine solution revealed an association between the ma

251 1 cells, various bitter compounds as well as caffeine stimulated proton secretion, whereby the caffei

252 tion guidance pathways that respond to acute caffeine stimulation and suggests potential mechanisms f

253 ce, but little is known about the effects of caffeine stimulation on global gene expression changes i

254 response to K(+)-membrane depolarization or caffeine stimulation, suggesting a reduction in RyR1 cha

255 allowed mkk1mkk2 cells to proliferate under caffeine stress.

256 ory response during pulmonary infection, and caffeine suppresses the effect of miR-301b and thereby a

257 ate, citrus, and guarana plants using either caffeine synthase- or xanthine methyltransferase-like en

258 n independent and rapid evolution of the tea caffeine synthesis pathway relative to cacao and coffee.

259 The highest compared with the lowest serum caffeine tertile was associated with lower total testost

260 cessfully detecting three molecular markers, caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline, associated with

261 Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity did not signif

262 the direct evidence of the novel effects of caffeine therapy in the prevention and treatment of ROP.

263 To evaluate whether neonatal caffeine therapy is associated with improved functional

264 At the doses used in this trial, neonatal caffeine therapy is effective and safe into middle schoo

265 However, caffeine therapy was associated with a reduced risk of m

266 When challenged with norepinephrine and caffeine to simulate a catecholaminergic surge, Scn8a(N1

267 Increasing SR leak with either caffeine (to sensitise the RyR to Ca activation) or ryan

268 uced ROP severity in premature infants after caffeine treatment for apnea suggests that caffeine may

269 Caffeine treatment in midnight triggered c-Fos expressio

270 Caffeine treatment in the newborn period improves expira

271 Both sleep deprivation and caffeine treatment potentiated light-induced c-Fos expre

272 Both sleep deprivation and caffeine treatment potentiated light-induced phase delay

273 ht by sleep deprivation (gentle handling) or caffeine treatment that both prevented sleep.

274 are needed to determine whether exposure to caffeine underlies the observed association and, if so,

275 d predicted heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use.

276 elated with heightened alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine use.

277 cted meta-analyses of observational studies, caffeine was associated with a probable decreased risk o

278 s affected by significant heterogeneity, and caffeine was associated with a rise in blood pressure.

279 The imidazole moiety of caffeine was critical for the special reactivity with Cl

280 nsform infra-red spectroscopy suggested that caffeine was enclosed within the gel network via non-cov

281 nificantly inhibited, but the degradation of caffeine was much faster than that in nonsalty solutions

282 were the most abundant polyphenols, whereas caffeine was the main methylxanthine (90%).

283 sion of TAS2Rs, including cognate TAS2Rs for caffeine, was shown in human gastric epithelial cells of

284 affeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine were 2-3 cups/d, 1 cup/d, and 196 mg/d, respect

285 chin and the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine were consumed together.

286 3-CGA and caffeine were found at higher concentrations in cold bre

287 for the channel activators Ca(2+), ATP, and caffeine were identified at interdomain interfaces of th

288 affeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine were not associated with the risk of incident h

289 Both DEET and caffeine were rapidly degraded by UV/FC and SS/FC but ex

290 oral and gastric TAS2Rs and demonstrate that caffeine, when administered encapsulated, stimulates GAS

291 This effect was reversed by caffeine, whereby velocity was increased by 11% after ex

292 ar millions of pregnant woman are exposed to caffeine, which acts to antagonize adenosine action.

293 contains the methylxanthines theobromine and caffeine, which may also affect vascular function.

294 Coadministration of caffeine with a low dose of l-DOPA reduces dyskinesia in

295 procedure is based on the microextraction of caffeine with a minute amount of dichloromethane, isolat

296 affeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine with measured systolic and diastolic blood pres

297 Reaction rate constants of DEET and caffeine with the respective radical species were estima

298 Such interference was reversible, as caffeine withdrawal fully restored the efficacy of acupu

299 e designed for a rapid, on-site detection of caffeine without involving sophisticated instruments or

300 [Ca(2+) ]i rise induced by the RyR activator caffeine without significantly affecting the caffeine-in