ライフサイエンスコーパス: calcify

1 lular immune reaction and ova (viable and/or calcified).

2 ion length was 8.3 cm, and 44% were severely calcified.

3 luded; 30 (25.2%) were moderately or heavily calcified.

4 uted tomography (CT) lesion was described as calcified (24x22x17.5 mm), connected with posterior leaf

5 Mg/Ca ratios of these Arctic-wide occurring calcified algae are sensitive to changes in both tempera

6 structed coral reef communities comprised of calcified algae, corals, and reef pavement that were ass

7 mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 9 calcified and 8 normal aortic valves by RNA sequencing.

8 Additional prespecified endpoints were non-calcified and calcified plaque measures and high risk pl

9 ated different reflectivity patterns in both calcified and decalcified portions of the choroidal oste

10 The 1.4-cm nodule has calcified and remains stable and metabolically inactive.

11 rare cause of coronary thrombosis in highly calcified and tortious arteries in older individuals.

12 s, whereas others allow treatment of heavily calcified and tortuous segments.

13 d plaque (NCP), low-density NCP (NCP<30 HU), calcified and total plaque volumes, and corresponding pl

14 at extreme warm temperatures but continue to calcify and grow.

15 hich instead decreases with acidification in calcifying and noncalcifying species.

16 ular mechanisms of biomineralisation in both calcifying and silicifying haptophytes remain poorly und

17 se To assess the relationship between total, calcified, and noncalcified coronary plaque burdens thro

18 areader agreement rates were high for total, calcified, and noncalcified plaques for both CT scanners

19 r stent expansion and the presence of large, calcified, and/or attenuated plaques were independent pr

20 2 -enhanced productivity of non- (and less-) calcifying anthozoans applies more widely to tropical ec

21 s but also represent a model organism should calcifying anthozoans exist as less calcified (soft-bodi

22 y an increase in fitness that may enable non-calcifying anthozoans to thrive in future environments,

23 eously enhance the ecological success of non-calcifying anthozoans, which not only play key ecologica

24 initial loss of calcium was less in heavily calcified aortas and was associated with an increase in

25 To address this, calcified aortas from uremic mice were transplanted orth

26 3) whether, in AS with discordant MG, severe calcified aortic valve disease is generally detected.

27 ent with heavy AVC-load reflective of severe calcified aortic valve disease, emphasizing the clinical

28 lf of the patients were identified as severe calcified aortic valve disease, irrespective of flow.

29 with AS severity, allows diagnosis of severe calcified aortic valve disease.

30 Resected normal and calcified aortic valves were analyzed histologically.

31 In both subjects with normal and with calcified aortic valves, minimum diameter increased in s

32 e with multipotent and osteogenic markers in calcified arteries by immunostaining and fluorescence-ac

33 also observed ectopic expression of FGF23 in calcified arteries of alpha-kl(-/-) mice, which might ac

34 ore-reef, turbid water encruster assemblages calcified at a mean rate of 757 (SD +/-317) g m(-2) y(-1

35 These calcified at mean rates of 20.1 (SD +/-27) and 4.0 (SD +

36 dominated by crustose coralline algae which calcified at rates of 105.3 (SD +/-67.7) g m(-2) y(-1) a

37 Bicuspid aortic valves calcify at a significantly higher rate than normal aorti

38 , suggesting partial confounding by systemic calcified atherosclerosis.

39 lipid as well as mineral debris clearance in calcifying atherosclerosis.

40 Although extensively calcified atherosclerotic lesions have been proposed to

41 Coronary artery calcified atherosclerotic plaque (CAC) predicts cardiova

42 Here we revealed that CPB isolated from calcified atherosclerotic plaques and artificially synth

43 g Symbiodinium spp. in culture commonly form calcifying bacterial-algal communities that produce arag

44 with a tailored screening approach; that non-calcified baseline lung nodules greater than 300 mm(3),

45 mineral nanoparticles have been detected in calcified blood vessels, the nature and role of these pa

46 d bone tissue and the vasculature within the calcified bone matrix.

47 ows for rapid, simultaneous visualisation of calcified bone tissue and the vasculature within the cal

48 rapidly cleared all tested organs, including calcified bone, but the fluorescence of proteins and imm

49 anslocate Ca(2+) out of osteoblasts into the calcifying bone matrix.

50 P2 depletion and increased cytosolic Ca(2+), calcified CaM N lobe interacts with helix B in place of

51 e, we reveal the competition of PIP2 and the calcified CaM N lobe to a previously unidentified site i

52 tal growth with pronounced chamber dilation, calcifying cardiomyocyte necrosis, aseptic inflammation,

53 TE and TT were not associated with calcified carotid plaques in either sex.

54 Bone and calcified cartilage can be fossilized and preserved for

55 There were large discrete areas of calcified cartilage in the hypertrophic zone, few signs

56 gnificantly reduced OARSI scores and CC/TAC (calcified cartilage to total articular cartilage), but i

57 model, MGP null vascular disease presents as calcifying cartilaginous lesions and mineral deposition

58 the SCM, but they also highlight the role of calcifying cell pH homeostasis in determining the respon

59 dification impacts intracellular pH in coral calcifying cells and extracellular pH in the fluid at th

60 t when pH was significantly depressed in the calcifying cells in addition to the SCM.

61 e presence of uncalcified CEP (P = .023) and calcified CEP (P = .007) in the sample were strong predi

62 erent combinations of disk, uncalcified CEP, calcified CEP, and subchondral bone components and were

63 direct visualization of the uncalcified and calcified CEP.

64 rt TE MR images, intact disk/uncalcified CEP/calcified CEP/bone samples exhibited bilaminar intermedi

65 the histologic appearance of uncalcified and calcified CEPs.

66 is without qualification generally refers to calcifying chronic pancreatitis.

67 ions in optical absorption stemming from the calcified clusters and the associated cross-linking mole

68 ition in dominance from more to less heavily calcified coccolithophores".

69 lankton, such as the silicifying diatoms and calcifying coccolithophores, plays an important role in

70 Certain stony corals can alternate between a calcifying colonial form and noncalcifying solitary poly

71 ave suggested a worse prognosis after PCI of calcified compared with noncalcified lesions.

72 cromolecules interact with the intracellular calcifying compartment (coccolith vesicle) through the c

73 h between species even when reduced to their calcified components.

74 Cells incubated with calcitriol under calcifying conditions specifically maintained expression

75 reased calcification of VSMCs in response to calcifying conditions.

76 Calcifying coralline macroalgae provide biogenic habitat

77 gae, conferring a competitive advantage over calcifying corals and coralline algae.

78 re consistent with previous reports for some calcifying corals, convey an increase in fitness that ma

79 compared with SR coronary CT angiography of calcified coronary artery lesions, suggesting a potentia

80 and animal calcification models and in human calcified coronary artery.

81 an important interventional tool for heavily calcified coronary lesions.

82 Although age and sex distributions of calcified coronary plaque have been well described in th

83 We examined the distributions of NCP and calcified coronary plaque in healthy 30- to 74-year-old

84 Atorvastatin reduced non-calcified coronary plaque volume relative to placebo: me

85 hores, uses carbon to photosynthesize and to calcify, covering their cells with chalk platelets (cocc

86 In human aortic valves, calcified cusps were stiffer and had more collagen depos

87 s, stent frame underexpansion due to heavily calcified cusps, suboptimal placement of the prosthesis,

88 h metals was not inherent to intracellularly calcifying cyanobacteria but was likely a genetically ba

89 lly silent, a proportion of individuals with calcified cysticerci develop seizures from these lesions

90 issed by CT in patients with apparently only calcified cysticercosis and could be considered for diag

91 cient DNA from five specimens of Neanderthal calcified dental plaque (calculus) and the characterizat

92 Calcified dental plaque (dental calculus) preserves for

93 nt a small group of malformations containing calcified dental tissues of both epithelial and mesenchy

94 anic nanoparticles are found not only within calcified deposits but also in areas devoid of microscop

95 We show that (18)F-NaF adsorbs to calcified deposits within plaque with high affinity and

96 re is no evidence for discrepancies in ss-sl calcifying depth habitat or seasonality in the Gulf of M

97 V) (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.73; P = 0.023), calcified drusen (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04-1.72; P = 0.025

98 4.24; P = 0.023), the complement pathway and calcified drusen (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.79-7.86; P < 0.001

99 additionally associated with the presence of calcified drusen (P = 5.38 x 10(-6)).

100 ile many severe retinal abnormalities (i.e., calcified drusen, drusenoid pigment epithelium detachmen

101 Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawate

102 However, the in situ sensitivity of calcifying ecosystems to future ocean acidification rema

103 tic acid (EDTA) that were designed to target calcified elastic lamina when administrated by intraveno

104 The formation of the calcified endoskeleton of the sea urchin embryo is a val

105 ls can be further modulated with time by the calcified environment, thus contributing to the age-depe

106 ue, these proteins are not restricted to the calcifying epithelium, suggesting that they also play ot

107 after three months incubation, continued to calcify even in undersaturated conditions with a signifi

108 ependent enrichment of annexins 2, 5 or 6 in calcifying EVs posits one of several emerging factors im

109 diesterase 3 expression and the secretion of calcifying exosomes from VSMCs in vitro, and chemical in

110 ontrolling the amount and the quality of the calcified extracellular matrix.

111 r, the mechanisms that regulate formation of calcifying extracellular vesicles remain obscure.

112 eries of events involving the aggregation of calcifying extracellular vesicles, and the formation of

113 at, P. cylindrica up-regulated the pH of its calcifying fluid (pHcf approximately 8.4-8.6), with each

114 0) for calcification rates or the pH of the calcifying fluid (pHcf); the latter was derived from bor

115 ragonite saturation state (Omegaarag) in the calcifying fluid by elevating pH while at the same time

116 3(2-)] and pH from the gastric cavity to the calcifying fluid, confirming the existence of a proton (

117 controls on the carbonate chemistry of their calcifying fluid, implying a high degree of resilience t

118 esence of some internal echogenic debris and calcified foci in their dependent part.

119 10% (summer) to >90% (winter) of the heavily calcified form.

120 s (SITs) are present in both silicifying and calcifying haptophyte phytoplankton, including some glob

121 in biomineralisation in both silicifying and calcifying haptophytes.

122 indirect effects of ocean acidification on a calcifying herbivore (gastropod) within the natural comp

123 positive influence on the abundance of some calcifying herbivores, which can overwhelm any direct ne

124 eNOS expression was reduced in calcified human aortic valves in a side-specific manner.

125 DRP1 protein was observed in calcified human aortic valves, and DRP1 RNA interference

126 scopic analyses of both the hydrogels and of calcified human plaques, we demonstrate that calcific mi

127 ied media of human femoral artery tissue and calcified human valves.

128 l three genes was significantly decreased in calcifying human bone osteosarcoma (SaOs-2) cells.

129 clear lamina protein lamin A, accumulated in calcifying human VSMCs in vitro and in vivo, and its ove

130 Cortical remodeling, limb isometry, and thin calcified hypertrophic metaphyseal cartilages indicate a

131 al environment become relatively more highly calcified, implying a positive climatic feedback.

132 lso suggested that coccolithophores are less calcified in more acidic conditions.

133 ee-dimensionally cultured porcine VIC do not calcify in osteogenic medium unless under mechanical str

134 rigid substrates, with pretreated xenografts calcifying in vivo to a similar extent as native bone.

135 plaques were noncalcified, 17 mixed, and 22 calcified; in the non-IRAs, 5 plaques were noncalcified,

136 Except for the optical system, as in the calcified lenses of trilobite and ostracod arthropods, o

137 omoting infiltration of macrophages into the calcified lesion to form osteoclast-like cells.

138 -related vascular remodeling and presence of calcified lesions in PAH remain unexplored.

139 ndetected viable cysts in patients with only calcified lesions on brain CT.

140 cantly associated with new ischemic lesions; calcified lesions were negatively associated.

141 4), and 19 additional patients with severely calcified lesions were treated with DA+DCB.

142 Patients with PAH display features of calcified lesions within the distal pulmonary arteries (

143 nd formation of osteoclast-like cells in the calcified lesions.

144 ith a shift toward increasingly fibrotic and calcified lesions.

145 A+DCB, 81.3% for DCB (P=0.78), and 68.8% for calcified lesions.

146 In contrast to other studies of calcified macroalgae, however, we observed an increase i

147 Temperate and tropical species of the calcifying macroalgal genus Padina (Dictyoaceae, Phaeoph

148 or part of the mitral annulus, with markedly calcified margins, and no significant impact on the valv

149 that drove the preferential loss of heavily calcified marine biota.

150 Calcified marine organisms typically experience increase

151 ct of ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions on calcifying marine organisms is complex, owing to the syn

152 pected to affect the physiology of important calcifying marine organisms, but the nature and magnitud

153 We cultured a globally important calcifying marine plankter (the foraminifer, Globigerina

154 ped for the effect of decreasing ocean pH on calcifying marine species assemblages can also be used f

155 trabeculae, loss of osteocytes, presence of calcified marrow, and elevated expression of osteocalcin

156 Amorphous calcified material (size, 0.55-1.8 mm) was identified in

157 The accumulation of calcified material in cardiovascular tissue is thought t

158 plasma protein involved in the regulation of calcified matrix metabolism.

159 ted tomography are agglomerations of smaller calcified matrix vesicles.

160 od vessels in bone are deeply encased in the calcified matrix, imaging techniques that are applicable

161 ntiated type of chondrocytes that produces a calcified matrix.

162 (eg, osteogenic differentiation, release of calcifying matrix vesicles).

163 expression of androgen receptor (AR) in the calcified media of human femoral artery tissue and calci

164 lular matrix (ECM) proteins, secreted to the calcifying medium [3-6], which appear to provide the nuc

165 carbonate extracellularly as aragonite in a calcifying medium between the calicoblastic ectoderm and

166 Our finding that the most heavily calcified morphotype dominates when conditions are most

167 t the novel concept that macrophages release calcifying MVs enriched in S100A9 and annexin V, which c

168 /-) mice, these mice neither accumulate dead calcified myofibers nor lose ambulation.

169 aces helices A and B with the apo C lobe and calcified N lobe, respectively.

170 ed increase in apoptotic chondrocytes in the calcified nasal septum.

171 nd timing of PE episodes in individuals with calcified NCC are variable and commonly chronic, sometim

172 % of the patients with recurrent seizures in calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC).

173 ial prevention and treatments of symptomatic calcified neurocysticercosis (NCC).

174 Serum samples from 39 patients with calcified neurocysticercosis and no viable parasites on

175 The calcified nodule has been suggested as a rare cause of c

176 nning is extremely sensitive and detects non-calcified nodules (NCNs) in 24-50% of subjects, suggesti

177 rrored the origin of most thrombotic events, calcified nodules caused fewer major adverse events duri

178 y, distribution, predictors, and outcomes of calcified nodules have never been described.

179 Thus, the prevalence of calcified nodules was 17% per artery and 30% per patient

180 Overall, 314 calcified nodules were detected in 250 of 1573 analyzabl

181 Two or more calcified nodules were detected in 48 coronary arteries

182 The calcified nodules were located <40 mm from the ostium of

183 Patients with calcified nodules were significantly older and had more

184 and 86% of left circumflex arteries, whereas calcified nodules within the right coronary arteries wer

185 usp retraction, stiffening, and formation of calcified nodules.

186 Our results demonstrate that 'calcified' nodules formed from PAVICs grown in OST+TGF-b

187 esence and extent of atherosclerotic plaque (calcified, noncalcified, or mixed), and obstructive lesi

188 rders of the exocrine pancreas that includes calcifying, obstructive, and steroid-responsive forms.

189 ve a detrimental effect on the physiology of calcifying organisms [3].

190 exposure hotspots, suboptimal conditions for calcifying organisms encompassed up to 56% of the summer

191 Calcifying organisms have exhibited reduced calcificatio

192 will disproportionately impact the growth of calcifying organisms in coral reef ecosystems.

193 osition of minerals, but their importance in calcifying organisms is poorly understood because it is

194 Understanding how marine calcifying organisms such as coralline algae may acclima

195 from within these acidic pools are devoid of calcifying organisms, and channel structures among the p

196 model will be relevant for many other marine calcifying organisms, and that it can be used to improve

197 OA), which is of particular significance for calcifying organisms, including planktonic coccolithopho

198 is predicted to impact ecosystems reliant on calcifying organisms, potentially reducing the socioecon

199 e indirect effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms, which may counter or exacerbate di

200 state and threatening the survival of marine calcifying organisms.

201 marine environment, with strong emphasis on calcifying organisms.

202 marine systems, and is especially harmful to calcifying organisms.

203 es had higher DeltaT compared with mixed and calcified (p < 0.01) plaques.

204 5 plaques were noncalcified, 8 mixed, and 27 calcified (P=0.005).

205 ting to the development of proliferative and calcified PA lesions.

206 atures, diagnosis, and management of chronic calcifying pancreatitis, focusing on pain management, th

207 ition are the major risk factors for chronic calcifying pancreatitis.

208 cale have the potential to negatively impact calcifying plankton, which play a key role in ecosystem

209 The diagnostic accuracy of CT to detect calcified plaque (83% versus 92%), necrotic core (80% ve

210 The presence and severity of coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) differs markedly between individu

211 plaque (HR, 58.06; P = .005) or exclusively calcified plaque (HR, 32.94; P = .02).

212 is, macrophage area, necrotic core area, and calcified plaque area was evaluated by using recursive p

213 ile mixed plaque at coronary CT angiography, calcified plaque at intravascular US, and lipid-rich pla

214 Calcified plaque at the proximal stent edge (relative ri

215 for uptake was significantly associated with calcified plaque burden (P < 0.0001) and cardiovascular

216 Tracer uptake was compared with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors.

217 supplements and measures of subclinical CVD (calcified plaque in the coronary artery, carotid artery,

218 These data illustrate that calcified plaque limited intravascular drug delivery, an

219 respecified endpoints were non-calcified and calcified plaque measures and high risk plaque features

220 e, a proximal segment with either a mixed or calcified plaque or a stenosis >50% is equivalent to a 5

221 However, statin therapy reduced non-calcified plaque volume and high-risk coronary plaque fe

222 therosclerosis was regarded as definite if a calcified plaque was seen in the wall of an artery and p

223 re of noncalcified and calcified plaque, and calcified plaque were significantly higher among men wit

224 cified plaque, a mixture of noncalcified and calcified plaque, and calcified plaque were significantl

225 t or supplements with any of our measures of calcified plaque, and no greater mortality risk was obse

226 o human peripheral arteries with substantial calcified plaque.

227 1, P=0.002; fibrous plaque: r=0.54, P<0.001; calcified plaque: r=0.59, P<0.001; total plaque: r=0.62,

228 f coronary artery calcium, mixed plaque, and calcified plaque; higher CCL2 levels were associated wit

229 ) and of any plaque; noncalcified, mixed, or calcified plaque; or stenosis on coronary CT angiography

230 ; 95% CI, 0.15-0.85) and more often had only calcified plaques (38% versus 16%; ORadjusted=3.57; 95%

231 he number of proximal segments with mixed or calcified plaques (C-index 0.64, p < 0.0001) and the num

232 Attenuated plaques evolved into calcified plaques after stent implantation.

233 raphy showed a better agreement with ICA for calcified plaques compared with SR coronary CT angiograp

234 of HRM (defined as noncalcified or partially calcified plaques) in the LMCA.

235 with fewer mixed plaques and more often only calcified plaques.

236 Total plaque index (calcified plus noncalcified plaque) was defined as plaqu

237 ves (n = 52) dissected into noncalcified and calcified portions were subjected to mRNA extraction, re

238 plicated in the regulation of EV release and calcifying potential.

239 he extracellular compartment surrounding the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) conforms to t

240 CT angiography revealed a large partially calcified pseudoaneurysm arising from the right lateral

241 ant of (14)C-labeled, declining 5.5-fold per calcified quadrant (p=0.05, n=7).

242 xposed four common CCA genera and a crustose calcifying red algae, Peyssonnelia (collectively CCRA) f

243 Much research has already focussed on calcifying reef-forming corals (Class: Anthozoa) that ap

244 Compared with noncalcified portions, calcified regions exhibited elevated transcripts for CD8

245 METHODS AND DRP1 was enriched in calcified regions of human carotid arteries, examined by

246 wever, challenging lesions, such as severely calcified, remain difficult to treat with DCB alone.

247 establish, and eventually resolve, leaving a calcified scar.

248 and functional characteristics of large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors of the testes (LCCSCTs).

249 on between the secreting mantle edge and the calcified shell edge to which the mantle adheres during

250 The calcifying shell is an excellent model for studying biom

251 oach to localize a single component within a calcified skeleton.

252 Calcified skeletons are produced within complex assembla

253 m should calcifying anthozoans exist as less calcified (soft-bodied) forms in future oceans.

254 ts rapid onset and also because many pelagic calcifying species (including 100% of ammonites and more

255 data on the effects of acidified seawater on calcifying species growth, reproduction, and survival.

256 abundance with elevated CO2 whereas obligate calcifying species, and non-calcareous macroalgae whose

257 y enhancing calcium carbonate dissolution of calcifying species.

258 Hepatomegaly and small calcified spleen are typical findings in older homozygot

259 ing biological uptake and incorporation into calcified structures and, second, that scales may repres

260 Calcified structures such as otoliths and scales grow co

261 icellular prymnesiophyte, closely related to calcifying taxa present in the fossil record.

262 iont assemblages were composed of a suite of calcifying taxa which included sciaphilic cheilostome br

263 he balance between these fates, as occurs in calcifying tendinopathies associated with aging.

264 deregulated BMP signaling, and spontaneously calcifying tendons in young CLOCKDelta19 arrhythmic mice

265 is a lethal orphan disease in which infants calcify the internal elastic lamina of their medium and

266 that, while coralline algae will continue to calcify, they may be structurally weakened, putting at r

267 brae was reduced by 35%, the strength of the calcified tissue (sigmamax) was proportionate to a 38% i

268 thickness were reduced, the weakening of the calcified tissue and the geometric component of strength

269 xplained by the location of the magnesium in calcified tissue.

270 ls by causing declines in internal pH at the calcifying tissue-skeleton interface where biomineraliza

271 s and growth of aragonite crystals under the calcifying tissue.

272 is an important chemical repository, making calcified tissues important for measuring exposure.

273 factors, and alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) in calcified tissues of kl/kl mice.

274 (+)/osteocalcin(+) cells in the fibrotic and calcified tissues of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis patie

275 s regulate the onset of mineral formation in calcifying tissues is not well established.

276 acterise structural remodelling in soft (non-calcified) tissues and to conduct in situ studies of nat

277 In vitro, Runx2(f/f) SMCs calcified to a much greater extent than those derived fr

278 tection of treatment response because of the calcified tumor matrix.

279 ave a greater number of OESs, whereas larger calcified tumors have larger OES diameter.

280 lectivity similar to spongy bone was seen in calcified tumors.

281 ence was relatively well preserved overlying calcified tumors.

282 of her left eye white, prominent, partially calcified tumour 1 disc diameter in diameter, 1,5 disc d

283 rim increase was negligible in patients with calcified valves (0.56 +/- 0.85%; p < 0.001) and small e

284 rval [2.1-2.9]; P < 0.0001) in patients with calcified valves (12 +/- 3% at 20 years) relative to the

285 /4) were obtained in 251 patients (80%) with calcified valves and 661 (93%) with noncalcified valves

286 pression levels of RUNX2 were upregulated in calcified valves and associated with eQTL-SNPs.

287 In the 251 patients with calcified valves who had good immediate results, 15-year

288 eter changes are negligible in patients with calcified valves, because tissue properties allow very l

289 dependent calcium channel was upregulated in calcified valves.

290 nase complex phosphorylation is increased in calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in c

291 The presence of no plaques or purely calcified versus noncalcified plaques, plaque volume acc

292 Macrophages associated with regions of calcified vesicular structures in human carotid plaques

293 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in calcified vessels of patients with atherosclerosis, sugg

294 ification have modestly improved outcomes in calcified vessels, adverse event rates are still high.

295 catheters prevent their use in tortuous and calcified vessels.

296 Sortilin localized to calcifying vessels in human and mouse atheromata and par

297 Of particular interest is the finding of calcified vibrissae in Abcc6(-/-) mice, which facilitate

298 gh TGF/BMP and PKA pathways are activated in calcifying VSMCs, pharmacologic analysis reveals that th

299 The mechanical properties of this calcified weapon enable extremely powerful punches to be

300 Mammalian tissues calcify with age and injury.