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   1 specific rewiring, which can be prevented by calorie restriction.                                    
     2  is selectively activated during fasting and calorie restriction.                                    
     3 h dietary carbohydrate restriction than with calorie restriction.                                    
     4 ngival RAGE expression in rats is reduced by calorie restriction.                                    
     5 dent, with a mechanism most likely mimicking calorie restriction.                                    
     6 r expression of glucose-repressed genes upon calorie restriction.                                    
     7 uction in energy expenditure associated with calorie restriction.                                    
     8 ation of IGF-1R prevented hypothermia during calorie restriction.                                    
     9  important role in cell survival promoted by calorie restriction.                                    
    10 ing behavioral changes induced by short-term calorie restriction.                                    
    11 tal immobility in the forced swim test after calorie restriction.                                    
    12  reduced depression-like symptoms induced by calorie restriction.                                    
    13 side to enhance life span does not depend on calorie restriction.                                    
    14 gene silencing, and extends lifespan without calorie restriction.                                    
    15 OR signaling mediates life span extension by calorie restriction.                                    
    16 extent than does similar weight loss through calorie restriction.                                    
    17 by Sir2 activity under conditions that mimic calorie restriction.                                    
    18           This process could be prevented by calorie restriction.                                    
    19 t deacetylase and may mediate the effects of calorie restriction.                                    
    20  gene mediates the life-extending effects of calorie restriction.                                    
    21 er certain environmental conditions, such as calorie restriction.                                    
    22 portant factor for the beneficial effects of calorie restriction.                                    
    23 onstrating replicative lifespan extension by calorie restriction.                                    
    24 to study cells as they age in the absence of calorie restriction.                                    
    25 nimals is impaired but can be reactivated by calorie restriction.                                    
    26 fter ex vivo cytokine withdrawal and in vivo calorie restriction.                                    
    27 criptome persist regardless of two months of calorie restriction.                                    
    28 ke CREB-deficient mice, poorly responsive to calorie restriction.                                    
    29 e, augment stem-cell function in response to calorie restriction.                                    
    30 temperature and of energy expenditure during calorie restriction.                                    
    31 sed with the introduction of early postnatal calorie restriction.                                    
    32 d yet) result in reduced fat storage through calorie restriction.                                    
    33 oups was as follows: controls, -1.0% (1.1%); calorie restriction, -10.4% (0.9%); calorie restriction 
    34  unchanged in controls, but decreased in the calorie restriction (-135 kcal/d [42 kcal/d]), calorie r
    35 6 months: control (weight maintenance diet); calorie restriction (25% calorie restriction of baseline
  
    37 iours (e.g. 88% would routinely advise about calorie restriction; 99.6% about increasing exercise) mo
    38  activation of mTORC1 in Paneth cells during calorie restriction abolishes the ISC-augmenting effects
  
  
  
    42  and skeletal muscle metabolism; 48 hours of calorie restriction affects the liver (IHTG content, hep
  
    44 n-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery than after calorie restriction alone has independent effects on glu
  
  
  
    48  doses of exercise or exercise combined with calorie restriction, although further work is required t
  
  
  
  
  
    54  through improvements in macroautophagy (eg, calorie restriction and calorie restriction mimetics) ar
    55     Core body temperature was reduced in the calorie restriction and calorie restriction with exercis
    56  tested the hypothesis that weight loss from calorie restriction and exercise combined (CREX) improve
  
    58  the physiological changes in mammals during calorie restriction and how they may lead to the observe
  
  
  
  
    63 a key transcriptional target and mediator of calorie restriction and stress-induced life span extensi
  
  
  
  
  
    69 ed to an enhanced starvation response during calorie restriction as evidenced by increased plasma ghr
    70 tiveness of 2 wk of dietary carbohydrate and calorie restriction at reducing hepatic triglycerides in
    71 with the changes in ARC expression observed, calorie restriction attenuated the increases in cytosoli
    72 +124%) in the cortices of the brain and that calorie restriction attenuated this increase significant
    73 longer duration are required to determine if calorie restriction attenuates the aging process in huma
    74 ine systems and propose that Sirt1 regulates calorie restriction by sensing low calories and triggeri
  
    76 are involved in the synchronizing effects of calorie restriction, C57BL/6J mice were injected with go
    77 ocus on mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, and e
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    88 o of exercise training (EX group; n = 18) or calorie restriction (CR group; n = 18)] or to a healthy 
  
  
  
  
    93  Mammalian life span can be extended by both calorie restriction (CR) and mutations that diminish som
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   118 ring genetic manipulation, the diet known as calorie restriction (CR) is currently the only way to sl
  
  
  
   122  cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases; calorie restriction (CR) is the most studied means to de
   123 idence suggesting weight maintenance through calorie restriction (CR) may limit risk of HER2-positive
  
  
   126    Here we examined the effects of aging and calorie restriction (CR) on expression of the oxidative 
   127  deacetylase mediates many of the effects of calorie restriction (CR) on organismal lifespan and meta
  
  
  
  
   132 er protection observed in NRF2 KO mice under calorie restriction (CR) suggests that most of the benef
   133 tion, wild-type NAD+ salvage is required for calorie restriction (CR) to extend replicative lifespan.
   134 ion of circadian clock genes are affected by calorie restriction (CR), a dietary paradigm known to in
  
  
  
  
   139 including reduced life span under stress and calorie restriction (CR), G1 arrest defects, dedifferent
   140  multiple long-lived mouse models, including calorie restriction (CR), which led us to hypothesize th
   141  concomitant decrease in NADH levels mediate calorie restriction (CR)-induced life span extension.   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   148 he hypothesis that the gingiva of rats fed a calorie-restriction (CR) diet expresses lower levels of 
   149 evaluate the clinical effects of a long-term calorie-restriction (CR) diet on periodontitis in an ani
  
  
  
   153 iled to further increase life span and, like calorie restriction, deletion of either SCH9 or TOR1 inc
   154 s revealed that IGF signaling also modulates calorie restriction-dependent Tb regulation in regions r
  
   156  using terms encompassing various aspects of calorie restriction, dietary restriction, aging, longevi
   157 ication of the orexin gene promoter, whereas calorie restriction enhances the activation of orexin ce
   158 ead us to propose a genetic pathway by which calorie restriction extends life span and provides a fra
  
  
   161  the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, calorie restriction extends lifespan by increasing the a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   173 osis in rat brain with age and evidence that calorie restriction has the ability to attenuate this.  
   174  association with the anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction, has received particular attention, 
  
   176 RT1, is a mediator of life span extension by calorie restriction; however, SIRT1 may paradoxically in
   177 c calorie restriction (CCR) and intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) have shown anticancer effects.
  
   179  Weight loss induced by exercise training or calorie restriction improves glucose tolerance and insul
  
  
  
  
  
   185 body temperature) are decreased by prolonged calorie restriction in humans and support the theory tha
   186 hanisms underlying the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in humans and to characterize new ma
   187 activator, mimics the anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction in lower organisms and in mice fed a
   188 irtuin 1), activates a critical component of calorie restriction in mammals; that is, fat mobilizatio
  
  
  
   192  state of knowledge regarding the effects of calorie restriction in modulating metabolism and aging. 
   193  response to exercise training combined with calorie restriction in obese and overweight women (n = 7
  
  
   196    In this review, we discuss SIR2 genes and calorie restriction in the lower organisms yeast and Dro
  
  
  
  
   201  has been associated with various effects of calorie restriction, including an increase in lifespan. 
  
  
  
   205  balanced NmR salvage cycle is essential for calorie restriction-induced life span extension and stre
  
  
  
   209 sion, and could have a significant impact on calorie restriction-induced, SIRT1-mediated, changes in 
  
   211 We conclude that yeast lifespan extension by calorie restriction is the consequence of an active cell
  
   213  p53 activity may mediate a component of the calorie-restriction life span-extending pathway in flies
   214 report that Sir2 is directly involved in the calorie-restriction life-span-extending pathway in Droso
   215 supplementation with resveratrol may produce calorie restriction-like effects on metabolic and longev
   216 oration of GH by infusion during the week of calorie restriction maintained autophagy in the Goat(-/-
   217  addition, it is possible that even moderate calorie restriction may be harmful in specific patient p
   218 ting IGF-I levels which occur as a result of calorie restriction may lead to the inhibition of skin t
   219 her important metabolic pathways that affect calorie restriction may serve as entry points for drugs 
  
  
  
   223 biomarkers for brite formation and show that calorie-restriction-mediated weight loss in women dynami
   224 lyphenol in red wine, has been reported as a calorie restriction mimetic with potential antiaging and
  
  
   227 ite extremes of the same metabolic spectrum, calorie restriction mimetics might provide another thera
  
   229 -targeted antioxidants, calorie restriction, calorie restriction mimetics, and exercise training.    
  
  
  
   233 CNTF(Ax15); 0.1 mg x kg(-1) per day; n = 11) calorie-restriction (n = 9), or feeding ad libitum (n = 
   234 cited other hallmark changes associated with calorie restriction, namely bradycardia and decreased bo
   235  bradycardia and hypothermia associated with calorie restriction occur through mechanisms unaffected 
   236  maintenance diet); calorie restriction (25% calorie restriction of baseline energy requirements); ca
   237 for IUGR studies using a moderate 30% global calorie restriction of pregnant mothers and used cardiac
  
   239 has begun to identify important mediators of calorie restriction, offering the hope of new drugs to i
  
  
  
   243 k was to determine the effect of early-onset calorie restriction on sarcopenia in the aging rat.     
  
   245  life span in wild-type yeast require severe calorie restriction or additional mutations to extend li
  
  
  
   249 tors such as high osmolarity and heat shock, calorie restriction, or inhibitors of TOR and phosphatid
  
   251 n addition, several longevity factors in the calorie restriction pathway, including the NADH shuttle 
  
   253 s); calorie restriction with exercise (12.5% calorie restriction plus 12.5% increase in energy expend
  
   255 lomerulosclerosis did not develop if dietary calorie restriction prevented weight gain and glomerular
  
   257 n levels, through subcutaneous injections or calorie restriction, produced anxiolytic- and antidepres
  
   259 iator of the beneficial metabolic effects of calorie restriction, protects neurons against mutant HTT
  
  
  
   263 gest that the increased longevity induced by calorie restriction requires the activation of Sir2p by 
   264 charomyces cerevisiae, lifespan extension by calorie restriction requires the NAD+-dependent histone 
   265 n the social defeat model of chronic stress, calorie restriction reverses the behavioral deficits see
  
  
   268 ent sensitivity of the promoter and impaired calorie restriction-stimulated tissue expression of SIRT
  
   270 ith metformin mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction, such as improved physical performan
   271 a key mediator of the pathways downstream of calorie restriction that have been shown to delay the on
   272 rincipal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction that produce beneficial effects on g
   273 idol; juvenile enrichment; sucrose drinking; calorie restriction; the serotonin selective reuptake in
   274 mice is elevation of GH levels during severe calorie restriction, thereby preserving blood glucose an
   275      These results imply that the ability of calorie restriction to inhibit or delay cancer incidence
  
   277 onsidered to be required in combination with calories restriction to allow an effective decrease of i
   278 stration of exogenous betaOHB, or fasting or calorie restriction, two conditions associated with incr
  
   280 tion-induced lifespan extension in mice, and calorie restriction upregulates sirtuin 1 in humans.    
  
   282 n protein, vinegar, fish oil, tea, cinnamon, calorie restriction, weight loss, exercise, and low-dose
   283 is syndrome are often oppositely affected by calorie restriction, which extends lifespan and prevents
  
  
  
   287 axa in individuals either practicing chronic calorie restriction with adequate nutrition (CRON) or wi
   288 hough it is currently not known if long-term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition extends maxi
  
   290  determined the effects of acute and chronic calorie restriction with either a low-fat, high-carbohyd
   291 lorie restriction (-135 kcal/d [42 kcal/d]), calorie restriction with exercise (-117 kcal/d [52 kcal/
   292 estriction of baseline energy requirements); calorie restriction with exercise (12.5% calorie restric
   293 e was reduced in the calorie restriction and calorie restriction with exercise groups (both P<.05).  
   294  (1.1%); calorie restriction, -10.4% (0.9%); calorie restriction with exercise, -10.0% (0.8%); and ve
  
   296 ifespan in humans, we do know that long-term calorie restriction without malnutrition results in some
  
  
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