ライフサイエンスコーパス: canopy

1 on into and greater irradiance of the entire canopy.

2 ductivity (NPP) between wood, fine roots and canopy.

3 ineral N fertilizers over the soil or forest canopy.

4 emporal overlap with the pest species in tea canopy.

5 y-successional functional types and the pine canopy.

6 tat such as a forest with a relatively dense canopy.

7 soil before the closure of the plantation's canopy.

8 (15) N additions to (2) the soil or (3) the canopy.

9 ld apes live, at different heights under the canopy.

10 he soil to meet the demands of a transpiring canopy.

11 tors and by the heights of capture under the canopy.

12 unlit foliage are more abundant in the upper canopy.

13 y that measures the full 3D structure of the canopy.

14 ht gaps caused by seasonal variations of the canopy.

15 he fluctuating light patterns throughout the canopies.

16 overhead structure such as ceilings and leaf canopies.

17 were used to assess N transformations by the canopies.

18 nts, a response not directly translatable to canopies.

19 degrees C and +3.45 degrees C for the plant canopies.

20 asting field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopies.

21 20.8 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to nonforest vegetated canopies, 2.4 to 11.2 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to urban and buil

22 rom 5.1 to 23.8 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to forested canopies, 2.6 to 20.8 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to nonforest vege

23 ls for consistent image capture across plant canopies, (2) canopy identification and registration fro

24 We elevated temperature (canopy: +2.8 degrees C; soil growing season: +1.8 degree

25 was further found to require the cochaperone canopy 3 (CNPY3) for proper folding and expression of TL

26 Here, we propose Canopy, a method for inferring the evolutionary phylogen

27 Small-scale disturbance of the plant canopy also had no effect on elevation trajectories-cont

28 Light availability within the forest canopy also modulates its leaf size and complexity.

29 timates of enhanced scorch of the gymnosperm canopy and a greater chance of transitioning to crown fi

30 tions showed that Takanari clearly decreased canopy and air temperatures within the planetary boundar

31 nformation to include in models from leaf to canopy and ecosystem scale.

32 ion of carbohydrates from cold roots to warm canopy and explained why starch levels surged in canopie

33 increases flammability of stands by changing canopy and forest floor fuels, the actual effect of an M

34 We find that canopy and ground characteristics from SPL are similar t

35 d by a lengthening of flowering duration for canopy and midstory trees.

36 s of NPP and its carbon allocation to woody, canopy and root growth components at contrasting lowland

37 Furthermore, we find that (iv) compared with canopy and root growth rates the woody growth rate of th

38 atments include three target levels of plant canopy and soil warming (ambient, +1.7 degrees C, +3.4 d

39 ight, size and number density; proportion of canopy and understory cover) simultaneously influence ra

40 nalyze seasonal dynamic patterns between the canopy and understory layers in Amazon evergreen forests

41 The model did not perform as well for mid-canopy and understory leaves (R(2) = 0.27-0.29), because

42 ent rehydration period for a sample of eight canopy and understory species.

43 rrain, such as the urban environment, forest canopies, and above difficult-to-access areas such as br

44 between ChlF and photosynthesis at the leaf, canopy, and ecosystem scales and explored how leaf-level

45 tool to track photosynthetic rates at leaf, canopy, and ecosystem scales.

46 cales (R(2 ) = 0.73, 0.77, and 0.86 at leaf, canopy, and satellite scales, respectively; P < 0.0001).

47 nsistent with Thermal Adaptation, CTmax s of canopy ants averaged 3.5-5 degrees C higher than populat

48 The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were

49 gain, but this is highly dependent on exact canopy architecture and the diurnal dynamics of photoinh

50 sugar transport is interrupted in fall when canopies are colder than roots and carbohydrate redistri

51 availability and variation at the top of the canopy are largely dependent on the solar angle and degr

52 Heating efficacy in open canopy areas was reduced with increasing canopy complexi

53 This refines the current paradigm that canopy assimilation and below-ground respiration are tig

54 oot respiration can be decoupled from recent canopy assimilation and that stored carbohydrates can be

55 d soil processes but underestimates those on canopy-associated biota and processes, ii) with low-leve

56 derived from nitrification occurring in tree canopies at the HN site.

57 commercial yeast extract were applied to the canopy at veraison and one week later.

58 A luminal linker domain forms a fenestrated canopy atop the channel, providing several luminal ion p

59 use of disturbed forest, they select certain canopy attributes within these forests, indicating that

60 to drought tolerance, were measured on upper canopy branches and leaves of mature trees from selected

61 rvation of connecting branches (i.e. natural canopy bridges) may help mitigate that impact.

62 sts with arboreal mammal populations include canopy bridges.

63 Transpiration of the leaf and canopy, by contrast, is described by quasilinear, empiri

64 all canopy crossing points for a year (7,102 canopy camera nights), we confirmed bridge use by 25 mam

65 as, photolysis of HNO3/nitrate on the forest canopy can be a significant source for HONO and NOx for

66 e compared tree seedlings grown nearby shrub canopy (canopy subplots, CS) and in open space (open sub

67 anistic biophysical and biochemical model of canopy carbon exchange and microclimate (MLCan) was para

68 improve the ability of a spatially explicit canopy carbon flux model, MAESTRA, to predict eddy covar

69 Here we quantify the impact of forest canopy characteristics on postural stability in humans.

70 field observations of Amazon forest leaf and canopy characteristics to test three hypotheses for sate

71 gree to which environmental filters sort the canopy chemical characteristics of forest canopies remai

72 r there are consistent relationships between canopy chemical traits and both elevation and soil type,

73 elevation and soil-type dependence of forest canopy chemistry among 75 compositionally and environmen

74 We tested the effects of canopy closure, prescribed fire, and winter snow depth o

75 re likely to move in directions of increased canopy closure, tall trees, and uniform height, as well

76 ng prior to snow melt, which preceded forest canopy closure.

77 , assuming uptake of nitrogen intercepted by canopies (CNU) is minimal.

78 We report continuous measurements of whole-canopy CO2 exchange, direct temperature response curves

79 pen canopy areas was reduced with increasing canopy complexity and size.

80 eaf growth with dry season litterfall shifts canopy composition toward younger, more light-use effici

81 A and leaf carbon allocation are mediated by canopy compositional turnover, whereas foliar P and Ca a

82 ggest that the maintenance of locally closed canopy conditions could reduce, at least temporarily, wa

83 in five cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa) in canopy conditions with PAM fluorescence under natural so

84 Here, we use estimates of canopy conductance and gross primary productivity (GPP)

85 Maintaining canopy connectivity through preservation of connecting b

86 soils and incompletely closed stomata in the canopy contributed to nighttime fluxes.

87 mblages and traits, as represented by intact canopy cover and high density of large trees.

88 els to map disturbance causal agent and tree canopy cover changes coincident with disturbance events

89 : version 1, identifying forestland based on canopy cover criteria; version 2, distinguishing primary

90 cetogens correlated with detrital volume and canopy coverage, and exhibited higher relative abundance

91 roughput phenotyping platform for tall dense canopy crops, such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).

92 Monitoring all canopy crossing points for a year (7,102 canopy camera n

93 ated levels of CO2 and O3 on insect-mediated canopy damage and organic matter deposition in aspen and

94 identified markers strongly associated with canopy damage in infected trees.

95 New global datasets describe upper canopy dark respiration (R d) and temperature dependenci

96 on aggregate ecosystem properties, including canopy density and albedo.

97 , predicting several services via effects on canopy density or growth rate.

98 free' forest floor evaporation to changes in canopy density.

99 g-term, near surface observations to monitor canopy development and to estimate leaf chlorophyll, nit

100 stent with light but not water limitation of canopy development) but that realized GEP was nonetheles

101 d axillary tillers) to model the dynamics of canopy development.

102 g from premature leaf senescence and partial canopy dieback to whole-tree mortality reduce canopy lea

103 dent; in closed habitats (e.g., under forest canopy), diffuse illumination dominates and a smoother d

104 he model predicted canopy transpiration (E), canopy diffusive conductance (G), and canopy xylem press

105 es was most likely at intermediate levels of canopy disturbance, but at this intermediate canopy leve

106 Shrub canopies had higher canopy-dwelling arthropod availability (i.e. small flies

107 addition, CAN favors canopy tree species and canopy-dwelling biota and promotes the detritus food web

108 ave important impacts on VIs used to monitor canopy dynamics and productivity and proposes a new appr

109 ting ecosystem processes and remotely sensed canopy dynamics.

110 tion, increasing from bottom to top of plant canopies, emerge as a plastic response to optimise N uti

111 (-2.0 +/- 1.0 kg H2 ha(-1) ) and aboveground canopy emissions as the dominant H2 source (+0.6 +/- 0.8

112 with drought to modify stomatal function and canopy energy balance.

113 ently estimating leaf age across forests and canopy environments is lacking.

114 f age from spectra across species, sites and canopy environments.

115 orests in Peru and Brazil and across diverse canopy environments.

116 red with other energy budget components, dry-canopy evapotranspiration (ET) was reasonably 'conservat

117 Street canopy exerted opposing effects on loading, where elevat

118 nks have been neglected relative to soil and canopy fluxes.

119 We analyzed and compared multiple canopy foliar trait distributions using field sampling a

120 storal practices, the degree to which closed-canopy forest extended from the east to the west remains

121 Compared to more mature closed-canopy forest, in younger secondary forest we found that

122 ted in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allo

123 g to derive large-scale, multivariate forest canopy functional trait maps of the Peruvian Andes-to-Am

124 ced loss of plant hydraulic conductance (k), canopy G, carbon assimilation, and productivity.

125 40 ha), leading to an increased frequency of canopy-gap formation.

126 ely doubled seedling species richness within canopy gaps and halved species turnover among gaps.

127 ees, and uniform height, as well as avoiding canopy gaps and moving toward emergent crowns.

128 luding chlorophyll content (R(2 ) = 0.65 for canopy GPPSIF and chlorophyll content; P < 0.0001), leaf

129 01), leaf area index (LAI) (R(2 ) = 0.35 for canopy GPPSIF and LAI; P < 0.0001), and normalized diffe

130 ce vegetation index (NDVI) (R(2 ) = 0.36 for canopy GPPSIF and NDVI; P < 0.0001).

131 in the derived GPP and physiological within-canopy gradients and their implications for parameter es

132 ng an extensive worldwide database of within-canopy gradients of key physiological, structural and ch

133 partitioning; and (vi) physiological within-canopy gradients.

134 Using time series of canopy greenness from repeat digital photography, citize

135 digital three-dimensional reconstruction of canopies growing in the field.

136 ood to establish farther north and in closed canopy habitats in the south.

137 Whether tree canopy habitats played a sustained role in the ecology o

138 Shrub canopies had higher canopy-dwelling arthropod availabili

139 For taller ecosystems, canopy height is correlated with higher isohydricity (so

140 The LiDAR mean top canopy height measurements were trained to develop an un

141 We sampled canopy-height trees across five species and one species

142 ntial decrease of light availability through canopies, however, the vast majority of the world's vege

143 ound surface area in the upper layers of the canopy (i.e. under higher KN-G) and ecosystem CO2 uptake

144 ent image capture across plant canopies, (2) canopy identification and registration from cluttered ba

145 The three-dimensional architecture of plant canopies imposes complex light dynamics, but the drivers

146 CO2 ] and infrared heaters to target a plant canopy increase of 3.5 degrees C, with actual season mea

147 This is because light absorption in tropical canopies is near maximal for the entire year, implying t

148 Canopy is applied to bulk sequencing datasets of both lo

149 measured gas-exchange data at the top of the canopy, it predicted a lower optimal light-saturated rat

150 We discovered that net leaf flushing of the canopy layer mainly occurs in early dry season, and is f

151 d to the seasonal structural dynamics of the canopy layer.

152 In contrast, canopy vertical complexity (canopy layering and shape) did not affect movement.

153 e fractions of points representing different canopy layers (one overstory and multiple understory) an

154 es because of the occlusion effect of higher canopy layers.

155 anopy dieback to whole-tree mortality reduce canopy leaf area during the stress period and for a lagg

156 Leaf quantity (i.e., canopy leaf area index, LAI), quality (i.e., per-area ph

157 techniques used to infer seasonal changes in canopy leaf area.

158 opy, with markedly more sensitivity to upper canopy leaf quality.

159 y leaves (R(2) = 0.75-0.78), suggesting that canopy leaves (and their associated spectra) follow cons

160 Light-saturated photosynthesis of canopy leaves (Asat ) also showed similar stimulation by

161 l for independent Brazilian sunlit and shade canopy leaves (R(2) = 0.75-0.78), suggesting that canopy

162 ere collected from 144 observations of upper canopy leaves from at least 65 species at two forest sit

163 piratory function rapidly declines) in upper canopy leaves of 218 plant species spanning seven biomes

164 he narrowest thermal safety margins in upper canopy leaves; these regions are at the greatest risk of

165 he narrowest thermal safety margins in upper canopy leaves; these regions are at the greatest risk of

166 ynthesis in seven TBMs by examining leaf and canopy level responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilatio

167 imulation model of leaf area dynamics at the canopy level that was integrated in the wheat model Siri

168 canopy disturbance, but at this intermediate canopy level, snow depth had negative effects on winter

169 hotosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency at the canopy level, with further implications for photosynthet

170 all, this greater understanding of leaf- and canopy-level photosynthetic traits provides a strong con

171 Despite its potential impact on canopy-level productivity, the mechanism for this leaf-l

172 l changes in LAI have little impact on total canopy light absorption; and because leaf quality has a

173 Canopy light interception and leaf area index were great

174 Here, we examined canopy light interception, photosynthesis, respiration a

175 t high N availability increased native shrub canopy loss and mortality, likely due to the higher prod

176 Using remotely sensed imagery, we quantified canopy loss during and after the drought across the stat

177 ally explicit 2011 climatic anomalies to our canopy loss maps.

178 agery (30-m) to create 30-m binary statewide canopy loss maps.

179 Canopy loss observations in 200 multitemporal fine-scal

180 We found that canopy loss occurred across all major ecoregions of Texa

181 Much of the canopy loss occurred in areas that passed specific clima

182 tress and climate thresholds associated with canopy loss will aid in predicting how forests will resp

183 of 20-30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation In

184 that facilitated continued access to forest canopy may have complemented, rather than opposed, adapt

185 We monitored the canopy microclimate in each site to determine the driver

186 significantly alter radiation regime, within-canopy microclimate, sink/source distributions of CO2 ,

187 Our two-fraction leaf, two-layer canopy model, which accounted for all three phenological

188 ship (for KN-F) between species richness and canopy N distribution, but emphasize a link (positive re

189 d source of photosynthetic potential and (2) canopy nitrogen could be lowered with no detriment to ca

190 f reflectance and nonoptimal distribution of canopy nitrogen.

191 d evapotranspiration of fully developed rice canopies of a high-yielding rice cultivar (Oryza sativa

192 irds and reduced ant density (by 60%) in the canopies of eight northeastern USA deciduous tree specie

193 py and explained why starch levels surged in canopies of orchard trees during early spring.

194 s of light-demanding trees that dominate the canopy of central African forests are now aging.

195 o recognize a conserved motif buried under a canopy of glycans.

196 ncreased burned area (+22%) and consequently canopy openness (+10%), fine fuel combustion (+5%), and

197 ross watersheds and strongly related to tree canopy over streets, especially for phosphorus.

198 f cells that form a shrinking and thickening canopy over underlying epithelial cells.

199 ploit brief periods of high light within the canopy (particularly toward the base), the frequency and

200 possibility of using reduced Chl to improve canopy performance by adapting the distribution of the "

201 onitor seasonal and annual changes in forest canopy phenology and track critical phenological events.

202 vergreen/graminoid-dominated community-level canopy phenology throughout the growing season using the

203 radients in Amazonia, we show that aggregate canopy phenology, not seasonality of climate drivers, is

204 high-throughput root, shoot, whole-plant and canopy phenomic studies possible.

205 hikari at current [CO2 ] with an increase in canopy photosynthesis by 36%.

206 However, similar rates of canopy photosynthesis can be maintained with a 9% saving

207 ucing chlorophyll content (Chl) can increase canopy photosynthesis in soybeans was tested using an ad

208 iological factor responsible for the greater canopy photosynthesis in Takanari over Koshihikari.

209 Achieving higher canopy photosynthesis rates is one of the keys to increa

210 These simulations demonstrate that canopy photosynthesis should not increase with Chl reduc

211 dentify possible opportunities for improving canopy photosynthesis through Chl reduction.

212 ybeans was tested using an advanced model of canopy photosynthesis.

213 example, we found that biotically regulated canopy photosynthetic light-use efficiency (associated w

214 overn photosynthesis and biotic variation in canopy photosynthetic light-use efficiency associated wi

215 only 3%, much less than biotic variation in canopy photosynthetic light-use efficiency, which accoun

216 isD, which was correlated with seed size and canopy position, but other life-history traits showed no

217 Lowland rice canopies presently consume a large amount of water, and

218 we estimated GPP in two ways: using (1) the canopy process model MAESTRA, and (2) combined eddy cova

219 rns whereby SDF allocate in excess of 50% to canopy production and the DF and WS sites allocate 40%-5

220 for simple P-LMA or N-P trade-offs in forest canopies; rather, we mapped a continuum of N-P-LMA inter

221 ss site but not under shrub cover, where the canopy reduced the influence of understory vegetation on

222 test three hypotheses for satellite-observed canopy reflectance seasonality: seasonal changes in leaf

223 r angle and degree of cloudiness, lower crop canopies rely more heavily on light in the form of sunfl

224 he canopy chemical characteristics of forest canopies remains a challenge.

225 ology, including climbing tall trees for her canopy research.

226 rect temperature response curves of leaf and canopy respiration, leaf and branch wood respiration, an

227 Canopy RTMs (PROSAIL and FLiES), driven by these three f

228 level physiological dynamics manifest at the canopy scale in other ecosystems.

229 Our improved analysis of canopy-scale biophysics rules out satellite artifacts as

230 were integrated into a biophysical model of canopy-scale photosynthesis to simulate the intercanopy

231 the impact of variation in leaf-level Chl on canopy-scale photosynthetic assimilation and identify po

232 explored how leaf-level ChlF was linked with canopy-scale solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF

233 ich is especially sensitive to NIR, captures canopy seasonal dynamics well.

234 RapidSCAN is a new portable active crop canopy sensor with three wavebands in red, red-edge, and

235 reasing the importance of understory or tree canopy shading in reducing thaw.

236 odocytes remained nonmotile and maintained a canopy-shaped structure over time.

237 We also found that canopy SIF and SIF-derived GPP (GPPSIF ) were strongly c

238 eaf fluorescence parameter to correlate with canopy SIF yield (SIF/APAR, R(2 ) = 0.79; P < 0.0001).

239 such as the volumetric water content of the canopy soil, were more important at lower (and warmer) s

240 loroplast electron transport in leaves under canopy solar radiation was shown to be a major contribut

241 f hollow structures with suitable corona and canopy species.

242 We explored remotely sensed tree canopy spectral properties to detect underlying mycorrhi

243 d species-specific traits (tree growth rate, canopy stature and response to disturbance) in the tropi

244 We also measured the seasonality of canopy structural (leaf area index, LAI) and biochemical

245 lar noise to enable the derivation of forest canopy structure and ground elevation from SPL point clo

246 utable to slowly evolving factors, including canopy structure and increases in dormant season air tem

247 from the improvement of traits involved with canopy structure and photosynthetic efficiency.

248 rest descriptors, namely small variations in canopy structure and/or depth.

249 cks, the quantity of which depends mostly on canopy structure but also may be affected by wind.

250 green forests using observations of vertical canopy structure from a spaceborne lidar.

251 Leaf architecture directly influences canopy structure, consequentially affecting yield.

252 ly correlated to leaf-level biochemistry and canopy structure, including chlorophyll content (R(2 ) =

253 rect and widespread observations of vertical canopy structures that drive radiation regimes have been

254 ed tree seedlings grown nearby shrub canopy (canopy subplots, CS) and in open space (open subplots, O

255 Canopy successfully identifies cell populations and infe

256 nsitive to meteorological deviations between canopy surface and measurement height and, given that da

257 al deviations between measurement height and canopy surface; (iv) energy balance non-closure; (v) unc

258 ity: seasonal changes in leaf area index, in canopy-surface leafless crown fraction and/or in leaf de

259 ic resistance in the natural field and lower canopy temperature of Takanari than Koshihikari resulted

260 t wave treatments during which day and night canopy temperatures were elevated 6 degrees C above ambi

261 Indirect calorimetric canopy tests showed significant reductions in oxygen con

262 payback time to construct required carbon in canopy than in OS, but the opposite was true for S. supe

263 found in woody biomass when deposited on the canopy than soil.

264 ) using repeat digital photography of forest canopies that observe and integrate the phenological beh

265 InsP6 was not detected in tree canopy throughfall but was present in pollen leachate.

266 els of organizational complexity from entire canopies to the biochemistry of a single reaction and ac

267 tribution of the "saved" nitrogen within the canopy to take greater advantage of the more deeply pene

268 oot free-fall from the top of the rainforest canopy to the forest floor at her remote field research

269 Given the agronomic importance of canopy traits in cereals, identifying functionally diffe

270 Seven mapped canopy traits revealed functional variation in a geospat

271 l role of phylogeny in mediating patterns of canopy traits within and across communities.

272 Clustering of canopy traits yielded a map of forest beta functional di

273 The model predicted canopy transpiration (E), canopy diffusive conductance (

274 The effect from the canopy treatment was 114 kg C kg N(-1) .

275 Canopy treatments may be critical to accurately represen

276 s, ii) with low-level N addition, CAN favors canopy tree species and canopy-dwelling biota and promot

277 ) with high-level N addition, CAN suppresses canopy tree species and other biota and favors rhizosphe

278 udy of 1099 leaves from 12 lowland Amazonian canopy trees in southern Peru.

279 Rdark was measured on 431 rainforest canopy trees, from 182 species, in French Guiana, Peru a

280 d over the most recent decade for lianas and canopy trees, whereas flowering of midstory trees and sh

281 two-fraction leaf (sun and shade), two-layer canopy (upper and lower) photosynthesis model to evaluat

282 unities to analyse the gradients of N in the canopy using N allocation coefficients (K N ) estimated

283 ns (i.e., leaf quantity, quality, and within-canopy variation in leaf longevity).

284 and 13.4 kg Nha(-1)y(-1) in open and closed-canopy vegetation, respectively.

285 In contrast, canopy vertical complexity (canopy layering and shape) d

286 Canopy warming caused a large shift in aboveground alloc

287 We found that 60% of (15) N applied to the canopy was recovered above ground (in needles, stem and

288 n large trees experienced measurable loss in canopy water content during this drought period.

289 d satellite-based models to assess losses in canopy water content of California's forests between 201

290 The premise is that canopy water demand is regulated in proportion to threat

291 Severe canopy water losses of greater than 30% occurred over 1

292 Structural attributes of the upper forest canopy were the dominant determinant of orangutan moveme

293 For growth under a canopy, where blue light is diminished, CRY1 and CRY2 pe

294 y benefitting fungi growing under the forest canopy, where wind flow is greatly reduced.

295 under optimal conditions let alone in forest canopy, which is physically and visually highly dynamic.

296 tic depression could overcome enhancement in canopies with low light extinction coefficients and/or l

297 ironment and carbon assimilation capacity of canopies with wild type, a Chl-deficient mutant (Y11y11)

298 15%) of the oxidized nitrogen input into the canopy, with HNO3 making up the balance.

299 ity and its vertical distribution within the canopy, with markedly more sensitivity to upper canopy l

300 n (E), canopy diffusive conductance (G), and canopy xylem pressure (Pcanopy ) from soil water potenti