ライフサイエンスコーパス: carnivore

1 e-specific transmission pathways in a social carnivore.

2 argeted transgenesis for the first time in a carnivore.

3 mon life history for an endangered mammalian carnivore.

4 including the near extinction of an endemic carnivore.

5 bivore > ectothermic carnivore > endothermic carnivore.

6 reat majority of mouse species, are obligate carnivores.

7 s more closely resemble those of terrestrial carnivores.

8 h are susceptible to competition from larger carnivores.

9 omparable to medium to large-sized mammalian carnivores.

10 he activity of rodents, lagomorphs, bats and carnivores.

11 t hosts and is thus an important pathogen of carnivores.

12 to measure for this and other large, cryptic carnivores.

13 fate of small, isolated populations of large carnivores.

14 ing volatiles that are released by predating carnivores.

15 ern of litter size variation for multiparous carnivores.

16 dictively to the risks posed by these larger carnivores.

17 nt volatile cues used by third trophic level carnivores.

18 olution within the cat family and in related carnivores.

19 lant production when they are constrained by carnivores.

20 ammalian taxa spanning primates, rodents and carnivores.

21 ution in primates as compared to rodents and carnivores.

22 ificantly higher in primates than rodents or carnivores.

23 among cells, similar to pinwheel centers of carnivores.

24 evolution in primates relative to rodents or carnivores.

25 V) cause lethal disease in wild and domestic carnivores.

26 aters, medium and large herbivores and large carnivores.

27 differences in scaling between primates and carnivores.

28 cies of mammals including 25 primates and 15 carnivores.

29 ee groups of mammals: primates, rodents, and carnivores.

30 mall insect-eaters, large herbivores and top carnivores.

31 le, appears very similar to that observed in carnivores.

32 rcasses for sustenance relative to competing carnivores.

33 cause high mortality rates and death in many carnivores.

34 imates and other mammals such as rodents and carnivores.

35 ng many wildlife populations devoid of large carnivores.

36 the development of direction selectivity in carnivores.

37 gyrified pinniped cortex with that of other carnivores.

38 cribing the spatial organization of solitary carnivores.

39 n of parental care, particularly among large carnivores.

40 prey size ranges of many of the Pleistocene carnivores.

41 the fovea in primates and area centralis in carnivores [1].

42 nd 6b are also conserved between rodents and carnivores; 3) Variations in layer-specific gene express

43 in primates (46 +/- 3 percent), followed by carnivores (36 +/- 3 percent), and then rodents (19 +/-

44 is poor and unclear, the bone assemblage is carnivore-accumulated, the putative interstratified Auri

45 l neurons in primary motor cortex between 11 carnivore and 9 primate species.

46 ivores and their parasites, and suggest that carnivore and herbivore carcasses play very different ro

47 ly using comparative data from wild primate, carnivore and ungulate species.

48 mately determine the fate of Earth's largest carnivores and all that depends upon them, including hum

49 ggests multiple losses of ancestral genes in carnivores and artiodactyls and gains of many new genes

50 We present data on fast and slow carnivores and artiodactyls and on slow afrotherians and

51 riggered by the full blood odor in mammalian carnivores and as such, is a key candidate as a food/ala

52 irds; humans should have a higher alpha than carnivores and birds because of a longer generation time

53 n smaller than the estimates (alpha > 4) for carnivores and birds; humans should have a higher alpha

54 lodon and Homotherium) in relation to living carnivores and find that the Machairodontinae form a wel

55 and enamel allow a clear distinction between carnivores and herbivores from this food web.

56 specific sexual size dimorphism of mammalian carnivores and lizards decreases with increasing island

57 Within families and guilds across carnivores and lizards, and with both intraspecific and

58 led to support expected correlations between carnivores and noncarnivores, leading the authors to rej

59 tive frequency of ecological groups, such as carnivores and noncarnivorous infaunal or mobile organis

60 s an important nutritional source of iron in carnivores and omnivores that is more readily absorbed t

61 the primary visual cortex (V1) of placental carnivores and primates apparently follows species invar

62 Studies in the primary visual cortex of carnivores and primates have confirmed that eye-specific

63 dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) in carnivores and primates is a laminated structure, where

64 We used supertrees for carnivores and primates to estimate that nearly 70% of t

65 In carnivores and primates, elongated receptive fields firs

66 In carnivores and primates, MD also disrupts the emergence

67 Particular attention has been given to carnivores and primates, where infanticide is a sexually

68 g a variety of taxa, such as birds, rodents, carnivores and primates.

69 e of a novel coevolutionary relation between carnivores and their parasites, and suggest that carnivo

70 at some wildlife species, particularly large carnivores and ungulates, cannot coexist with people at

71 herbivores compared with those classified as carnivores and was lower in communities embedded in fore

72 iffer between trophic levels (herbivores vs. carnivores) and with taxonomic affiliation (mammals and

73 nal migration in the ferret, a gyrencephalic carnivore, and found that migration was predominantly ra

74 ifex, the world's most specialized mammalian carnivore, and Varanus priscus, the largest lizard known

75 Across three mammalian orders (primates, carnivores, and artiodactyls), the species with the larg

76 The relative roles of hominids, mammalian carnivores, and crocodiles in the formation of Oldowan z

77 eric viral infections in these highly social carnivores, and may be used as a baseline viral survey f

78 of 24 species including additional primates, carnivores, and rodents.

79 cies from three orders of mammals: primates, carnivores, and rodents.

80 fied thus far in mammals (primates, muroids, carnivores, and ruminants).

81 t were well above those seen for terrestrial carnivores, and the aquatic manatee was close to lissenc

82 es, moderately effective at mitigating large carnivores, and the least effective at mitigating birds.

83 rangements in the visual cortex of primates, carnivores, and ungulates without assuming differences i

84 ed since the common ancestor of primates and carnivores, approximately 95 million years ago.

85 tric mesopredators, arise when some of these carnivores are extirpated from or repatriated to ecosyst

86 Herbivores diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and omnivores are slowest.

87 Our results may indicate that solitary carnivores are more tolerant of sharing key resources wi

88 ore carbon is retained in plant biomass when carnivores are present compared with when they are absen

89 shared adaptive signatures, indicating that carnivores are under strong selective pressure related t

90 oral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores.

91 We use terrestrial carnivores as an example taxon, as they are frequently t

92 with contrasting social structure, including carnivores, bats, primates and eusocial insects.

93 l) through copepod herbivores to zooplankton carnivores because of tight trophic coupling.

94 hronotropic effect of the heart, at least in carnivores, because injection of glutamate into this are

95 sumes a three-trophic level food chain where carnivores benefit plants, a theoretical framework that

96 Examining trophic groups, piscivore and carnivore biomass was significantly greater inside reser

97 he most recent ancestor of bats, and also of carnivores (both >1,000 genes), although this gene contr

98 f developing and adult cortex of rat, mouse, carnivore, bovine, monkey, and human as determined with

99 egral to the behavioural ecology of solitary carnivores, but observing and quantifying their communic

100 is a common ecological strategy among extant carnivores, but until now the evidence in relation to ca

101 We conclude that the genome of this carnivore can provide essential nonreceptor HIV-1 depend

102 Large carnivores can be particularly sensitive to the effects

103 Our results demonstrate that the loss of carnivores can have widespread effects on other species

104 icular, we aimed to test the hypothesis that carnivore carcasses are avoided by other carnivores, esp

105 tially higher at herbivore carcasses than at carnivore carcasses.

106 arasite species potentially able to follow a carnivore-carnivore indirect cycle, as well as those tra

107 goal was to investigate the use of mammalian carnivore carrion by vertebrate scavengers.

108 servations of scavengers avoiding feeding on carnivore carrion suggest that different types of carrio

109 y large continuous areas to facilitate among-carnivore cascades and that studies of small areas may n

110 translocation exchange breakpoints in human, carnivore, cetartiodactyl, and rodent-ordered gene maps

111 ework to show that competition from multiple carnivore clades successively drove the demise and repla

112 In addition, the risk of human-carnivore conflict is potentially high in countries wher

113 wide, and the complexities of managing human-carnivore conflicts, require accurate population estimat

114 We then assessed the risks to carnivore conservation within each country that makes a

115 country that makes a contribution to global carnivore conservation.

116 the efficiency at which both herbivores and carnivores converted food into production; a strong nutr

117 One such cue, carnivore-derived 2-phenylethylamine, is a key component

118 uilds of obligate carnivores; (ii) mammalian carnivores disseminated encapsulated forms from Eurasia

119 kinship and prey availability on individual carnivore distributions within populations.

120 Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily through diversificat

121 ate that specialized predatory techniques in carnivores do not correlate with the spread of open habi

122 , primates (human), rodents (mouse and rat), carnivores (dog), and artiodactyls (cattle) and then con

123 pecies transfer of viruses between different carnivores due to its interactions with the transferrin

124 ores, granivores, scavengers, omnivores, and carnivores) ecological resolutions to determine whether

125 into production; a strong nutrient effect on carnivore efficiency suggests a carryover effect of alga

126 Odors from carnivores elicit stereotyped fear and avoidance respons

127 hat carnivore carcasses are avoided by other carnivores, especially at the intraspecific level, most

128 probability distributions differed among the carnivores examined.

129 Large carnivores face serious threats and are experiencing mas

130 vestigated cells from two species in another carnivore family, the Mustelidae, for permissiveness to

131 and vocalization frequencies in primates and carnivores, filling a long-standing gap in mammalian bio

132 Z progenitors in the ferret, a gyrencephalic carnivore, focusing our analysis on outer radial glial c

133 o evidence that it competed with these other carnivores for prey at the site.

134 as recently documented in T. gondii-infected carnivores from California.

135 extinction dynamics of avian dietary guilds (carnivores, frugivores, granivores, herbivores, insectiv

136 ilies for starch and sucrose metabolism, the carnivore genomes showed evidence of shared evolutionary

137 bivore > endothermic herbivore > ectothermic carnivore > endothermic carnivore.

138 nterspecific competition in the East African carnivore guild.

139 and consequently, we argue that Pleistocene carnivores had the capacity to, and likely did, limit me

140 creasingly powerful and metabolically active carnivores has been a major driver of metazoan evolution

141 inction of many of Earth's large terrestrial carnivores has left some extant prey species lacking kno

142 Studies on territorial solitary and social carnivores have highlighted odour capability and utility

143 pirical studies increasingly show that large carnivores have substantial effects on the structure and

144 Mammalian carnivores have suffered the biggest range contraction a

145 e status and trends of seven major guilds of carnivores, herbivores, and architectural species from 1

146 s, but sex differences were not detected for carnivores, herbivores, insectivores, and omnivores.

147 ne parvovirus (CPV) are well documented, the carnivore hosts and evolutionary pathways involved in it

148 on 300, varies after transfer to alternative carnivore hosts and may allow infection of previously no

149 Analysis of the TfRs of carnivore hosts used in the experimental evolution studi

150 ed that viruses and helminths tend to infect carnivore hosts within more restricted phylogenetic rang

151 0 residues to bind TfRs and infect different carnivore hosts, demonstrating that the process of infec

152 ma lentivirus (PLV) evolution in two natural carnivore hosts, the bobcat and mountain lion.

153 uenced by extinction risk among ungulate and carnivore hosts.

154 Carnivores, however, are generally assumed to optimize t

155 emselves or by thriving in risky areas where carnivores hunt.

156 exual size dimorphism of insular lizards and carnivores (i.e. character displacement and species sort

157 switching among foraging guilds of obligate carnivores; (ii) mammalian carnivores disseminated encap

158 ygen is clearly linked to low proportions of carnivores in a community and low diversity of carnivoro

159 who found large somata for these neurons in carnivores in general, and felids in particular.

160 efenses are those facilitating the action of carnivores in ridding plants of their herbivorous consum

161 wed the elimination of rabies in terrestrial carnivores in several countries worldwide.

162 modelling for the management of less studied carnivores in which litter size variation is estimated u

163 Tyrannosauroids--the group of carnivores including Tyrannosaurs rex--are some of the m

164 hat found in primates (including humans) and carnivores (including cats and dogs), which is inferred

165 us with a worldwide circulation that infects carnivores, including domestic dogs and an assortment of

166 Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects many carnivores, including ferrets and dogs, and is the membe

167 ent marking by other individuals in solitary carnivores, including pumas.

168 Large carnivores inhabiting ecosystems with heterogeneously di

169 Large carnivores inspire opposition to conservation efforts ow

170 virtually all discussions of plant volatile-carnivore interactions is the premise that plants "call

171 rts about 90 kilograms of a given species of carnivore, irrespective of body mass, and that the ratio

172 omoting tolerance and coexistence with large carnivores is a crucial societal challenge that will ult

173 in the primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores is mapped as iso-orientation domains radiatin

174 The primary visual cortex of primates and carnivores is organized into columns of neurons with sim

175 The mechanism of implantation in carnivores is poorly understood.

176 mical signalling in non-territorial solitary carnivores is still relatively unclear.

177 The Tasmanian devil, a marsupial carnivore, is endangered because of the emergence of a t

178 Sarcophilus harrisii), the largest marsupial carnivore, is endangered due to a transmissible facial c

179 exists in visual neurons of both rodents and carnivores, its emergence along the visual pathway, and

180 In primates and carnivores L2/3 can be subdivided morphologically, but c

181 eals that, despite similar morphology, these carnivores lap in different physical regimes: an unstead

182 e selection for larger size (Cope's rule) in carnivores lead to dietary specialization (hypercarnivor

183 ly those affecting vision and hearing in the carnivore lineage.

184 These include the large African carnivores (lion, leopard, cheetah, and spotted hyena),

185 voviruses are commonly described in domestic carnivores, little is known about their biodiversity in

186 Our work shows how a large carnivore living in a seasonal environment displays mark

187 and ungulate species, but empirical data on carnivore macroparasite prevalence showed mixed results.

188 number per unit prey productivity scales to carnivore mass near -0.75, and that the scaling rule can

189 to prey biomass scales to the reciprocal of carnivore mass.

190 As carnivores may function close to maximum sustained power

191 We conclude that large carnivores may need to occupy large continuous areas to

192 tential hazard of consuming undercooked wild carnivore meat, and historically has been associated wit

193 Unlike humans, monkeys, or carnivores, mice are thought to lack a retinal subregion

194 As for carnivores, murine cells with classical center-surround

195 ic species, such as many ungulates and large carnivores, must function in both the bright light of da

196 In primates and carnivores, neighboring cortical neurons share similar o

197 expression that is shared across rodent and carnivore neocortex.

198 This secretive, mid-sized (16-23 kg) carnivore, now severely endangered, is traditionally sub

199 equations of prey productivity, we show that carnivore number per unit prey productivity scales to ca

200 spective of body mass, and that the ratio of carnivore number to prey biomass scales to the reciproca

201 matic depletion of 2-phenylethylamine from a carnivore odor indicate it to be required for full avoid

202 olfactory tissue slices identified dispersed carnivore odor-selective sensory neurons that also respo

203 However, unlike carnivores, omnivores and herbivores showed fewer shared

204 re are three main dietary groups in mammals: carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores.

205 onal trait underlying the trophic effects of carnivores on both herbivores and plants.

206 ical functioning of the 31 largest mammalian carnivores on Earth.

207 ncreased predation by wolves and other large carnivores on elk, a reduced and redistributed elk popul

208 Predicting the impact of carnivores on plants has challenged community and food w

209 Trophic cascades--the indirect effects of carnivores on plants mediated by herbivores--are common

210 al size dimorphism of lizards, and mammalian carnivores, on islands world-wide.

211 While prioritizing for carnivores only, we were also able to test their effecti

212 ure to vegetative bacteria in infected meat (carnivores) or to fermented rumen contents (herbivores).

213 Host-parasite associations for free-living carnivores (order Carnivora) and terrestrial ungulates (

214 ovative interventions are needed to conserve carnivores outside protected areas to compliment any pro

215 ements of the top terrestrial herbivores and carnivores, over the past 65,000 years, from oceanic isl

216 It would be revealing to discover how social carnivores overcame these challenges.

217 its extensive amino acid variation among the carnivore parvoviruses, we further investigated its role

218 ma concolor), a very rare example of a large carnivore persisting within the boundaries of a megacity

219 cial function of chemical signalling in wild carnivore populations operating dominance hierarchy soci

220 articularly for the large-bodied species and carnivores preferred by fishers, and these biodiversity

221 te species richness across a large number of carnivore, primate and ungulate species, but empirical d

222 organization of feature selectivity such as carnivores, primates, and humans.

223 l biodiversity target will be inadequate for carnivore protection, innovative interventions are neede

224 land-tenure hypothesis, which predicts that carnivores regulate their density through territoriality

225 ta from these 3 species and those from other carnivores reported previously, we found the gut microbi

226 ing agriculture, vegetation cover, and large carnivore richness, into species distribution modeling s

227 proteins in four mammalian orders (primate, carnivore, rodent, and artiodactyls), which together con

228 more specific clades, including marsupials, carnivores, rodents and nonhuman primates.

229 s activity allows H. mustelae to survive the carnivore's low-nickel gastric environment.

230 ii) carrying out evolutionary simulations of carnivore scavenging strategies under risks of parasitic

231 ental productivity (nutrient supply) and top carnivores should mediate interactions among herbivores,

232 further demonstrated that both primates and carnivores showed a "grade shift" in its size compared t

233 rious VP2 position 300 mutants for different carnivore species and that single mutations in this regi

234 This means that the loss of one carnivore species could lead to competitive exclusion at

235 d to accommodate body size, to members of 39 carnivore species from nine families housed in multiple

236 We found no effect of carnivore species richness on herbivore-initiated indire

237 similar analysis using a global map of large carnivore species richness.

238 p provides a basis for identifying declining carnivore species that require conservation measures.

239 reported from free-ranging populations of 64 carnivore species to examine the factors that influence

240 We used litter size data on 32 terrestrial carnivore species to test the fit of 12 probability dist

241 Our data indicate that, among carnivore species, the retinal ganglion cells resemble o

242 hic level, leading to extinctions of further carnivore species.

243 d be used for conservation planning of other carnivore species.

244 ses, particularly amongst already threatened carnivore species.

245 Cladistical analyses of the two new carnivores strongly suggest immigration events that were

246 d approximately 1-10 million-fold in aquatic carnivores such as the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga

247 tation preference maps (OPMs) are present in carnivores (such as cats and ferrets) and primates but a

248 Sylvatic carnivores, such as raccoons, have recently been recogni

249 gical consequences of actively hunting large carnivores, such as the wolf, are more likely transmitte

250 ify their behavior in the presence of larger carnivores, such as wolves.

251 In mammalian carnivore systems, however, there are examples of top pr

252 of biomass acquisition for large terrestrial carnivores tend not to vary among seasons.

253 e glycoprotein (Env), which rescued FIV from carnivore tetherin restriction when expressed in trans b

254 of bald FIV and HIV particles was blocked by carnivore tetherins.

255 was also higher in 2-level systems (without carnivores) than in 3-level systems.

256 Alioramus is a small, gracile, long-snouted carnivore that deviates from other tyrannosaurids in its

257 ween browsers and grazers as well as between carnivores that consumed bone (i.e. hyenas) compared to

258 Tyrannosaurs, the group of dinosaurian carnivores that includes Tyrannosaurus rex and its close

259 Large herbivores and carnivores (the megafauna) have been in a state of decli

260 hypotheses with data collected on a solitary carnivore, the cougar (Puma concolor), from 2005 to 2012

261 We evaluated the isotopic niche of an apex carnivore, the cougar (Puma concolor), over broad spatio

262 ciprocity of social interactions in a social carnivore, the ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua).

263 genized or independently lost three times in carnivores, the armadillo, and lagomorphs.

264 mpared to other clades, such as primates and carnivores, the bats and rodents had longer branch lengt

265 gion of the Y chromosome) sequences from two carnivores, the domestic dog and cat.

266 As in other carnivores, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus consis

267 tripes, which are found in some primates and carnivores, the primary somatosensory area (S1) was inte

268 So for terrestrial carnivores there is probably no strong selection pressur

269 es can provide sufficient resources for apex carnivores, they do not necessarily preserve their ecolo

270 However, among carnivores threat status is not a significant predictor

271 Among carnivores, threat status may not be important in predic

272 In four pinniped species of wild marine carnivore, three seals and one sea lion, we find that Ly

273 er can influence population growth in social carnivores through changes to group size, composition an

274 The independent dietary shift from carnivore to herbivore with over 90% being bamboo in the

275 ide the trophic niche allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater diversity than omnivores.

276 quire accurate population estimates of large carnivores to promote their long-term persistence throug

277 se change will decrease the effectiveness of carnivores to protect other threatened species, especial

278 ecord of the dog family Canidae and of other carnivores to tease apart the roles of competition, body

279 gy used by a diversity of animals, including carnivores, to store and/or secure food.

280 ons-a newly recognized CPV host-to different carnivore transferrin receptors (TfRs) using single-part

281 une signaling is conserved among primate and carnivore TRIM5 orthologues and among 3 of the 7 mouse T

282 geny of 62 complete mitochondrial genomes of carnivores under a 60-state codon model.

283 et 11 was found to be inadequate to conserve carnivores under expected land use change.

284 gical variation in characterizing risk using carnivore-ungulate systems as a case study.

285 t origin as sister group to a large clade of carnivores, ungulates, and cetaceans.

286 (OP) maps in the visual cortex are found in carnivores, ungulates, and primates but are not found in

287 It is also significantly greater than the carnivore value of 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-1

288 , as shown here, the species richness of big carnivores was greater in the Pleistocene and many of th

289 uggests that interspecific competition among carnivores was relatively intense and reveals that some

290 Despite the high mobility of these large carnivores, we find distinct hierarchical population uni

291 te the potential impact of Pleistocene large carnivores, we use both historic and modern data on pred

292 tified in primates, rodents, lagomorphs, and carnivores, where they are involved in the formation of

293 rity areas for the conservation of mammalian carnivores, while accounting for species-specific requir

294 This effect creates a mismatch with carnivores whose metabolic and foraging costs increase w

295 for 15 layer-enriched genes in the ferret, a carnivore with a large, gyrencephalic brain, and analyze

296 phus californianus) are abundant human-sized carnivores with large gyrencephalic brains.

297 ther group comprises high-bodied, slow speed carnivores with molariform teeth capable of crushing har

298 ed 2-phenylethylamine production by numerous carnivores, with some producing >3,000-fold more than he

299 on events that produced successful predatory carnivores worldwide but that have confounded taxonomic

300 Declining populations of large carnivores worldwide, and the complexities of managing h