ライフサイエンスコーパス: catabolic

1 the central nervous system and/or increased catabolic action within the brain.

2 The bone catabolic actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are seen

3 their DNA binding sites, leading to a xylose catabolic activation independent of catabolite repressio

4 on between dendritic cells and the metabolic/catabolic activities ongoing in every parenchymal organ

5 iciency in resting liver is transformed into catabolic activities upon tissue loss.

6 tive remodelling by chondrocyte-mediated pro-catabolic activities.

7 ryptophan was used as an index of tryptophan catabolic activity in this pathway.

8 The catabolic activity of human microbiota led to the genera

9 to balance the benefits of the enhanced host catabolic activity with the risk of being eliminated by

10 ble) forms, the latter preserving measurable catabolic activity.

11 of vacuolar hydrolases to boost the vacuolar catabolic activity.

12 response to the normal oral flora, mediating catabolic alveolar bone homeostasis in the healthy perio

13 age homeostasis, including those involved in catabolic, anabolic, and apoptotic pathways.

14 re predicted to encode proteins with diverse catabolic, anabolic, and ligand-binding functions and mo

15 How photoreceptors balance their catabolic and anabolic demands is poorly understood.

16 e metabolic network of a cell represents the catabolic and anabolic reactions that interconvert small

17 Acidic pH causes a catabolic and degenerate phenotype in NP cells which is

18 Catabolic and fermentative pathways, on the other hand,

19 of anabolic genes and elevated expression of catabolic and inflammatory genes.

20 ondrocytes that increases gene expression of catabolic and inflammatory mediators.

21 vely impacts articular cartilage, triggering catabolic and inflammatory responses in chondrocytes.

22 e that the role of this pathway in promoting catabolic and inhibiting anabolic processes, affords cel

23 uman IVD tissue and induced an inflammatory, catabolic and pro-angiogenic phenotype in bovine nucleus

24 synthetic genes are downregulated and the GA catabolic and receptor genes are upregulated in the nfl

25 r the identification of anabolic, transport, catabolic and regulatory portions of the cycloalternan p

26 ulation represent much of the purpose of the catabolic arms of metabolism and then drive many anaboli

27 miRNAs contribute equally to the catabolic aspect of periodontal homeostasis as they affe

28 The majority of catabolic BMCs (metabolosomes) compartmentalize a common

29 etic (i.e., anabolic) and degradative (i.e., catabolic) branches of the endomembrane system.

30 oxylic acid cycle, but it is unknown whether catabolic by-products of the GABA shunt actually support

31 rate, cyclohexanecarboxylate and benzoate as catabolic byproducts.

32 ism observed may indicate that mitochondrial catabolic capacity is a key constraint setting an upper

33 nitrogen starvation to address the roles of catabolic carbon recycling, acyl chain redistribution, a

34 Hence, a catabolic cascade including the coordinated action of th

35 ntary activities at different stages along a catabolic cascade.

36 Autophagy is a catabolic cellular mechanism for entrapping cellular mac

37 at AGGF1 activates autophagy, a housekeeping catabolic cellular process, in endothelial cells (ECs),

38 Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a catabolic cellular self-eating process by which unwanted

39 s, MV-induced diaphragm inactivity initiates catabolic changes via rapid activation of Smad3 signalin

40 Among these Chl catabolic components, SGR1 acts as a key regulator of le

41 that the miRNA signature is peculiar of each catabolic condition.

42 ng a variety of stress-response genes during catabolic conditions.

43 ch to counteract muscle loss and weakness in catabolic conditions.

44 This catabolic conversion generates reactive oxygen species (

45 tes to insulin resistance during fasting and catabolic diseases and perhaps to the myopathies and car

46 controlled diabetes has long been known as a catabolic disorder with profound loss of muscle and fat

47 iversity and that chronic pollution promotes catabolic diversification.

48 yntrophorhabdacaeae member) to uncover their catabolic diversity and flexibility.

49 ncreases bacterial richness while decreasing catabolic diversity and that chronic pollution promotes

50 MP from tendon explants, whereas PGE2 had no catabolic effect.

51 fects suppressing osteoblastogenesis and pro-catabolic effects enhancing osteoclastogenesis, which dr

52 nclude that HA conjugation prolongs the anti-catabolic effects of sCT in joint tissues, including the

53 ecombinant Hsp70 and Hsp90 recapitulates the catabolic effects of tumor.

54 demonstrates that MCP-1 has a role in PTH's catabolic effects on bone including monocyte and macroph

55 To determine its role in PTH's catabolic effects, we continuously infused female wild-t

56 esource in essential enzymes, at the cost of catabolic efficiency (i.e., downregulating high-ATP-yiel

57 ard direct competition for the same limiting catabolic electron donor substrate with subsequent niche

58 s of serine, histidine, and methionine; (iv) catabolic end products of lignin (pyruvate and oxaloacet

59 These dynamic operating conditions and high catabolic energy availability might also facilitate the

60 rely depleted of crucial enzymes involved in catabolic energy-converting pathways.

61 Recently, we showed that catabolic enzyme activity could be assessed by substrate

62 he administration of a pegylated form of the catabolic enzyme arginase I (peg-Arg I) has shown some p

63 r proteins that mediate AEA transport to its catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).

64 type 1 (CRF1) potentiation of the anandamide catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase.

65 x 10(-53)), a gene that encodes the primary catabolic enzyme for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-dihy

66 rolase (FAAH) (C385A; rs324420), the primary catabolic enzyme for the endocannabinoid anandamide.

67 e (IDE, insulysin) is the best characterized catabolic enzyme implicated in proteolysis of insulin.

68 -molecule inhibitors of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) repre

69 The catabolic enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is expres

70 oleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan catabolic enzyme previously shown to have regulatory act

71 atrix deposition, whilst enhancing selective catabolic enzyme production, suggesting its potential fo

72 The polyamine catabolic enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX) is induced in c

73 pression levels of the gibberellic acid (GA) catabolic enzyme StGA2ox1.

74 Mutation of alh-6, a conserved proline catabolic enzyme, accelerates fat mobilization, enhances

75 pecifically examined the effect of its major catabolic enzyme, CYP24A1, in prostate cancer.

76 kdown, STAY-GREEN1 (SGR1) interacts with Chl catabolic enzymes (CCEs) and light-harvesting complex II

77 uman chondrocytes promoted the expression of catabolic enzymes associated with OA.

78 is consumed by this microorganism using the catabolic enzymes encoded by genes hpdH, hbdH and mmsA.

79 r-2.1(0) and older wild-type males, enhanced catabolic enzymes expression, coupled with the reduced e

80 ce deficient in both CD73 and AMPD3, the key catabolic enzymes for extracellular and intra-erythrocyt

81 information exists on the quinate/shikimate catabolic enzymes found in these organisms.

82 s are reflected in expression levels of BCAA catabolic enzymes in both mice and humans.

83 the transcription of genes encoding several catabolic enzymes is increased.

84 s indicated by upregulated expression of the catabolic enzymes LYPLA1, LYPLA2, and GPCPD1.

85 Catabolic enzymes of the ceramide and glycolipid pathway

86 s, type 1 and 2, as well as biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of the endocannabinoids N-arachidonoyl

87 denitrificans did not produce extracellular catabolic enzymes to transform cholesterol.

88 uggests that coordinate targeting of the Trp catabolic enzymes tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and I

89 atch a broad specificity of hydroxycinnamate catabolic enzymes while responding to toxic thioester in

90 chanistic explanation for how increased BCAA catabolic flux can cause diabetes.

91 f genes that induce high levels of lysosomal catabolic function essential for PDA growth.

92 In addition to this essential catabolic function, lysosomes play important roles in th

93 zymes present in lysosomes provide essential catabolic functions for the homeostatic degradation of a

94 from the activity of a homologue of the ABA catabolic gene AtCYP707A2 at this locus.

95 naling inhibits inflammatory stimuli-induced catabolic gene expression in human articular chondrocyte

96 g similarly enhanced anabolic and suppressed catabolic gene expression, and potently increased matrix

97 uired for the inhibition of IL-1beta-induced catabolic gene expression.

98 anaerobic phenanthrene degradation and bzdN catabolic gene prevalence.

99 mediated regulation of expression of steroid catabolic genes and the determinants of ligand binding i

100 triterpenoid biosynthetic and glucosinolate catabolic genes are up-regulated in jazQ independently o

101 These IPU-catabolic genes were organized into four transcription u

102 mineralization assays, culturable bacteria, catabolic genes) varied depending upon the soil's phosph

103 ic strain, and the cloning of the riboflavin catabolic genes.

104 nutrient availability by expressing nutrient catabolic genes.

105 may lead to relatively relaxed selection on catabolic genes.

106 conserved in diverse fungi that have GlcNAc catabolic genes.

107 is a key regulator of autophagy, a critical catabolic homeostasis pathway that involves sequestratio

108 to the substantially elevated levels of the catabolic hormone cortisol.

109 An aberrant increase in circulating catabolic hormone glucagon contributes to type 2 diabete

110 Circulating concentrations of glucagon, a catabolic hormone that affects these metabolic pathways,

111 ine milieu, hormonal imbalance, and anabolic/catabolic imbalance, has been used to explain the relati

112 that Cyp26a1, which encodes a key enzyme for catabolic inactivation of RA required for tight control

113 Catabolic inhibitors were used to locate the cellular so

114 to identify 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), a catabolic intermediate of the BCAA valine, as a new para

115 bation of the endogenous GA biosynthetic and catabolic intermediates in the mutant.

116 abolic organelles necessary for anabolic and catabolic lipid reactions whose numbers are highly dynam

117 lish TSN as a key enzymatic component of the catabolic machinery responsible for the processing of mR

118 P-13, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and other catabolic marker expression in OA chondrocytes.

119 nhibit ROS production and the suppression of catabolic markers including IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MM

120 Autophagy is an important intracellular catabolic mechanism critically involved in regulating ti

121 Autophagy, a catabolic mechanism for macromolecule and protein recycl

122 Autophagy, a catabolic mechanism that involves degradation of cellula

123 Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic mechanism that relieves cellular stress by rem

124 ncreased activation of the expression of the catabolic mediators involved in cartilage homeostasis.

125 gy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic membrane trafficking process that degrades a v

126 locked gene products associated with the pro-catabolic metabolic state of chondrocytes and did so thr

127 sis and energy production in the middle, and catabolic metabolism process toward the tip.

128 ted hyaluronan respond by switching to a pro-catabolic metabolism that includes enhanced production o

129 ic metabolism while increasing oxidative and catabolic metabolism.

130 include the carboxysome for CO2 fixation and catabolic microcompartments found in many pathogenic mic

131 the independent acquisition of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in North American isolat

132 e leukocidin (PVL), SCCmec IVa, the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and a specific mutation

133 rcA and opp3, proxy markers for the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), characteristic of USA30

134 (icaA, IS256, sesD [bhp], mecA, and arginine catabolic mobile element [ACME]).

135 DeltaarcA1 (native) or DeltaarcA2 (arginine catabolic mobile element [ACME]-derived) mutants, sugges

136 T239 population identified that the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element arose multiple times, thereby i

137 ure of control and regulation of the glucose catabolic network could be calculated.

138 lating seed amino acid levels, the full BCAA catabolic network is not completely understood in plants

139 way flux and accomplish specific anabolic or catabolic objectives.

140 protein regulates the expression of the hca catabolic operon in Acinetobacter and related bacterial

141 ributes to a better understanding of the hca catabolic operon regulation mechanism by the transcripti

142 on in a transcriptional activator for xylose catabolic operons, either CRP or XylR, and these mutatio

143 ation step that commits a thiol to important catabolic or biosynthetic pathways.

144 -temporal perturbation and quantification of catabolic organelle maturation at single organelle resol

145 Endosomes, lysosomes and related catabolic organelles are a dynamic continuum of vacuolar

146 dria can rapidly switch from primarily being catabolic organelles generating ATP to anabolic organell

147 ArcB, the catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase involved in arg

148 . putida KT2440 is characterized by a slight catabolic overproduction of reducing power.

149 lism of Escherichia coli; (iii) the vanillin catabolic pathway (which is the converging point of majo

150 step in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic pathway and has been the focus of extensive st

151 ties in the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic pathway as a cause of ASD.

152 al profile after SCI and highlight the lipid catabolic pathway as an important macrophage function th

153 al profile after SCI and highlight the lipid catabolic pathway as an important macrophage function th

154 expression analysis establishes the vanillin catabolic pathway as the major contributor of NAD(P)H sy

155 (iii) The catabolic pathway B of 4,8-DHNA leads to 2,6-dihydroxyhe

156 Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway by which eukaryotic cells deliver unne

157 The dibenzothiophene catabolic pathway converts dibenzothiophene to 2-hydroxy

158 Here we describe the complete catabolic pathway for carrageenans, major cell wall poly

159 In this study, we revealed the catabolic pathway for SQ in P. putida SQ1 through differ

160 A catabolic pathway for the enzymatic breakdown of aromati

161 In contrast, a catabolic pathway for the stereospecific cleavage of bet

162 Autophagy, an important catabolic pathway implicated in a broad spectrum of huma

163 Studies evaluating flux through the valine catabolic pathway in humans should account for these var

164 Autophagy, an important catabolic pathway involved in a broad spectrum of human

165 Analysis of starvation-induced autophagy, a catabolic pathway involving lysosomes, showed a large in

166 Autophagy is a catabolic pathway involving the sequestration of cellula

167 Therefore, the vanillin catabolic pathway is essential for SYK-6 to obtain suffi

168 ing-opening lyase is involved in the further catabolic pathway proceeding via pimeloyl-CoA.

169 are metabolized through the beta-ketoadipate catabolic pathway serve as chemoattractants for Pseudomo

170 enzymes PhnY and PhnZ comprise an oxidative catabolic pathway that enables marine bacteria to use 2-

171 arget promoters to evolve a distinct central catabolic pathway that is only expressed for the anaerob

172 complete genes that encode the conserved IPU catabolic pathway were revealed, based on comparative an

173 However, its catabolic pathway, despite intriguing hints in a few dis

174 f the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD

175 The first intermediate of the catabolic pathway, i.e. 3-methylbenzoyl-CoA, was shown t

176 the gas methanethiol, and that a second DMSP catabolic pathway, mediated by a cupin-like DMSP lyase,

177 lerogenic DCs displayed a markedly augmented catabolic pathway, related to oxidative phosphorylation,

178 unctional comparisons to identify a putative catabolic pathway, thereby distinguishing RV1423 from a

179 e-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes in their catabolic pathway, was associated with development of im

180 nel EcChiP for processing by the glucosamine catabolic pathway.

181 e evolutionary scenario of the conserved IPU-catabolic pathway.

182 e hydrolase, the last enzyme in the tyrosine catabolic pathway.

183 The potential catabolic pathway/modification included ring-hydroxylati

184 n availability and specific transporters and catabolic pathways activated with increasing aerobiosis.

185 Key enzymes of such anaerobic catabolic pathways are corrinoid and Fe-S cluster-contai

186 of mutations, and that anabolic rather than catabolic pathways are more stringently required, likely

187 s work demonstrates that the use of aromatic catabolic pathways enables an approach to valorize ligni

188 Catabolic pathways for 92 compounds (carbon, nitrogen an

189 ansporters and report the discovery of novel catabolic pathways for d-altritol and galactitol in Agro

190 07005 and PF17042) and (ii) discovered novel catabolic pathways for d-threonate, l-threonate, and d-e

191 el ATP-dependent kinases that participate in catabolic pathways for four-carbon acid sugars.

192 f lignin polymers, we propose that bacterial catabolic pathways have overcome the existence of divers

193 In analogy to anabolic and catabolic pathways in metabolism, there is mounting evid

194 re-engineering of the alginate and mannitol catabolic pathways in the standard industrial microbe Sa

195 sing a detailed kinetic model of the glucose catabolic pathways including glycolysis, pentose phospha

196 luding proteins and amino acids; many of the catabolic pathways needed to assimilate these compounds

197 pic analysis and metabolomics studies, three catabolic pathways of HNE were delineated following HNE

198 We previously reported two parallel catabolic pathways of HNE.

199 class of enzymes found in both anabolic and catabolic pathways that activate fatty acids to acyl-CoA

200 ge and understanding of the biosynthetic and catabolic pathways that are relevant to the complex trai

201 ere used to constrain the substrates for the catabolic pathways that degrade the SBP ligands to inter

202 e converging point of majority of the lignin catabolic pathways) is coupled with the tetrahydrofolate

203 SIRT1 plays in modulating both anabolic and catabolic pathways, allow us to propose the hypothesis t

204 by oral microbes, specifically via arginine catabolic pathways, is an essential factor in maintainin

205 glycolysis, while memory T (TM) cells engage catabolic pathways, like fatty acid oxidation (FAO).

206 vating biosynthetic pathways and suppressing catabolic pathways, particularly that of macroautophagy.

207 The protein enhances catabolic pathways, such as beta-oxidation and autophagy

208 Pathological changes in specific catabolic pathways, which are known to occur during the

209 uster biosynthesis, transporters, as well as catabolic pathways.

210 cells that is tightly linked to anabolic and catabolic pathways.

211 spiration or limitations in uptake rates and catabolic pathways.

212 m muscle wasting due to a blockade in muscle catabolic pathways.

213 herefore, therapies targeted at reducing the catabolic phenotype may protect against degenerative joi

214 firmed the presence of distinct anabolic and catabolic phenotypes, and identified differential expres

215 Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process critical for cell viability and homoeo

216 Autophagy is a catabolic process enabling the bulk degradation of cellu

217 Autophagy is a well-conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis.

218 Autophagy is an essential catabolic process frequently failing in neurodegeneratio

219 IAA oxidation by DAO1 is the principal auxin catabolic process in Arabidopsis and that localized IAA

220 irect lipid sources for autophagy, a central catabolic process in homeostasis and stress response.

221 Autophagy is a catabolic process mediated by incorporation of cellular

222 suggest that SIRT1 could be involved in the catabolic process of hypertrophy.

223 that LRRK2 can act to regulate the cellular catabolic process of macroautophagy, although the precis

224 Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process of the cell, which plays an important

225 Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that delivers the cytosol and cytosoli

226 e in autophagy, the evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that enables cells to remove unwanted

227 s a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that eradicates damaged and aging macr

228 Autophagy is a catabolic process that has been implicated both as a tum

229 Autophagy is a catabolic process that has been shown to have a role in

230 Autophagy is a catabolic process that is largely regulated by extracell

231 ation promotes autophagy, a highly regulated catabolic process that metabolically buffers cells in re

232 Autophagy is a catabolic process that recycles cytoplasmic contents and

233 Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that recycles nutrients upon starvatio

234 Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that utilizes a defined series of memb

235 Autophagy is a catabolic process whereby cytosolic components and organ

236 croenvironment and can activate autophagy, a catabolic process which provides nutrients during starva

237 Selective autophagy is a catabolic process with which cellular material is specif

238 y, an evolutionarily conserved intracellular catabolic process, leads to the degradation of cytosolic

239 ains how CDK4 promotes anabolism by blocking catabolic processes (FAO) that are activated by AMPK.

240 ions or neoepitopes resulting from metabolic-catabolic processes and can be altered during inflammati

241 al leaf senescence, mitochondria orchestrate catabolic processes by becoming increasingly central ene

242 WNT/beta-catenin signaling is a regulator of catabolic processes in cancer cells, which varies depend

243 reased expression of VEGF is associated with catabolic processes in chondrocytes and synovial cells.

244 activity of anabolic pathways and enhancing catabolic processes such as lipid oxidation to restore t

245 genesis and lipogenesis and by shutting down catabolic processes such as lipolysis and beta-oxidation

246 tress, AMPK suppresses anabolic and promotes catabolic processes to regain energy homeostasis.

247 tissue with respect to many biosynthetic and catabolic processes, depending on the metabolic state.

248 ty of DCs is also determined by anabolic and catabolic processes, respectively.

249 chondrial biogenesis and an increase in some catabolic processes.

250 inase that regulates a range of anabolic and catabolic processes.

251 ronment and the control of most anabolic and catabolic processes.

252 membrane-bound organelles mainly involved in catabolic processes.

253 tasis by suppressing anabolic and activating catabolic processes.

254 raminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving t

255 The catabolic products were isolated and biological effects

256 As GABA degradation produces two catabolic products, glutamate and succinic semialdehyde,

257 The community-level catabolic profiles showed that the highest number of car

258 A new catabolic property of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (NCYC 65)

259 These findings implicate periostin as a catabolic protein that promotes cartilage degeneration i

260 teoglycan (PG) content and in-situ levels of catabolic proteins (MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5) in the nucleus

261 (PCSK9) production rate (PR) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR).

262 in the urea kinetic-based normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), an indicator of protein intake in

263 A high catabolic rate characterizes the acute phase of critical

264 We identified a novel mechanism of catabolic reaction where TWIST1 up-regulates MMP3 expres

265 ses and the stimulation of energy-generating catabolic reactions by transcriptional reprogramming and

266 nd cytoplasm, and we observed the individual catabolic reactions within them.

267 Autophagy is a catabolic recycling pathway triggered by various intra-

268 Insulin signaling in the brain is catabolic, reducing food intake.

269 review, we summarize current knowledge about catabolic reductive dehalogenases and the electron trans

270 While catabolic remodeling aligned with a microbiota dominated

271 4 host gene expression profiles, among which catabolic remodeling, associated with high expression of

272 atrix synthesis or degradation (anabolic and catabolic remodeling, respectively) was quantified by re

273 Catabolic remodelling of the cell surface trehalose myco

274 fructose, in addition to being under carbon catabolic repression.

275 CM)-treated C2C12 myotubes underwent a rapid catabolic response in a TLR4-dependent manner, including

276 by SGs indicates a role in IL-1beta-mediated catabolic response that could be therapeutically targete

277 ignalling and therefore the magnitude of the catabolic response to leptin.

278 tory, the immunosuppressive, and the protein catabolic responses individually, successful treatment o

279 tiated by age-related shifts in anabolic and catabolic responses that control bone homeostasis.

280 ences in muscle mass and muscle anabolic and catabolic responses to bed rest.

281 ch NF-kappaB activation mediates chondrocyte catabolic responses.

282 on of cytidine to uridine and ammonia in the catabolic route of C nucleotides.

283 Deficiencies in several sugar catabolic routes were supported by severe retardation of

284 Anabolic and catabolic signaling oppose one another in adipose tissue

285 The regulation of catabolic signalling via forkhead box O 1 and protein ub

286 as nonadecaneuropeptide (NDN) in response to catabolic signals.

287 e availability, resident species with a high catabolic similarity with the invader efficiently reduce

288 inflammation, cancer or infections provoke a catabolic state characterized by enhanced muscle proteol

289 c changes consistent with the induction of a catabolic state that was not rescued by inositol supplem

290 ganization of the cell from an anabolic to a catabolic state.

291 of events that maintains or prolongs the pro-catabolic state.

292 ays, shifting cartilage homeostasis toward a catabolic state.

293 They are widely known as terminal catabolic stations that rid cells of waste products and

294 (HX), and gelsolin (GSN), and tested against catabolic stimulation for their effects on glycosaminogl

295 n of a Microbacterium maritypicum riboflavin catabolic strain, and the cloning of the riboflavin cata

296 Catabolic stress can lead to changes in circulating acet

297 hese responses were also linked to decreased catabolic (TNF-alpha, TWEAK/Fn14 axis; FOXO-1, Atrogin-1

298 ent signals to promote a transformation from catabolic to anabolic metabolism, cell growth, and cell

299 nders oxidative skeletal muscle resistant to catabolic wasting.

300 Patients were catabolic with a negative protein balance.