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1 ses the equilibrium for the reaction that it catalyses.
4 ics and genomics approaches that are helping catalyse a much-needed improved understanding of the bio
5 hly versatile electroactive molecules, which catalyse a multitude of redox reactions in biological sy
6 ed molecular mechanisms underlying how TPSTs catalyse a variety of substrate proteins with different
7 n scaffolds and unnatural metal cofactors to catalyse a wide range of abiological transformations.
8 e leader-side CRISPR repeat, and finally, it catalyses a nucleophilic attack that connects one strand
10 at steps can be taken in the next 5 years to catalyse action toward achieving the Sustainable Develop
15 ation of the substrates to achieve palladium-catalysed amine-directed conversion of C-H bonds to C-C
16 xidase-dependent generation of oxidants that catalyse an activating intermolecular-disulphide between
17 Here, we show that T. denticola FlgE self-catalyses an interpeptide crosslinking reaction between
20 ns confined in the nanopores of zeolite HBEA catalyse aqueous phase dehydration of cyclohexanol at a
22 eport a straightforward method for palladium-catalysed arylation of aryl(heteroaryl)methanes and diar
23 and practicality, via a chiral Bronsted base-catalysed asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of in situ ge
25 sesterifications-branching and exon ligation-catalysed at a single catalytic metal site in U6 small n
26 standing how YME1L recognizes substrates and catalyses ATP-dependent degradation has been hampered by
27 nto peptide oligomers via solid-phase copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SP-CuAAC) click re
29 asizes the progress and potential in zeolite catalysed biomass conversions and relates these to conce
30 roRNA-expressing lines demonstrate that PPKs catalyse blue light-dependent CRY2 phosphorylation to bo
33 results establish that ubiquitination can be catalysed by a single enzyme, the activity of which does
35 ks for repair by homologous recombination is catalysed by AddAB, AdnAB or RecBCD-type helicase-nuclea
36 ) the enzymatic hydrolysis of head cartilage catalysed by alcalase (55.7 degrees C/pH 8.2); (2) the c
38 molecule precorrin-2 in a chemical reaction catalysed by an S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) dependent
39 hway, with one of the steps apparently being catalysed by an unlinked gene encoding a 6-methylsalicyl
40 lation of alpha, beta-unsaturated thioesters catalysed by crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC) h
42 not both to probe the topological conversion catalysed by DNA topoisomerase and to study the DNA repl
43 used on development of a microbial fuel cell catalysed by E. coli, through triggering electroactive p
45 hus, both substrate PARylation and PARdU are catalysed by enzymes within the same protein complex, an
47 bacterial activity, but instead are largely catalysed by fungal denitrification and/or abiotic react
50 e show that increased transamination, mainly catalysed by GOT1, leads to increased levels of 2-hydrox
52 amic and reversible acetylation of proteins, catalysed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histo
53 mplexed with two substrate peptides that are catalysed by human TPST1 with significantly different ef
54 es are surfactants and their assembly can be catalysed by hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (an air-
58 o create enzymes that catalyse reactions not catalysed by native Fe-enzymes or other metalloenzymes.
59 protein engineering, the scope of reactions catalysed by native metalloenzymes has been expanded rec
61 oly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is mainly catalysed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), whose
64 tic pathway of TTR fibrillogenesis in vitro, catalysed by selective proteolytic cleavage, which produ
65 h1) and requires Chk1 activation known to be catalysed by ssDNA-RPA-ATR signalling at the ends design
66 nt attachment of ubiquitin to a substrate is catalysed by the E1, E2 and E3 three-enzyme cascade, whi
68 is generated by the crosslinking of VEGF165, catalysed by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase, and ass
70 n in both coding and non-coding RNAs that is catalysed by the METTL3-METTL14 methyltransferase comple
71 e research of a generation of ecologists was catalysed by the recognition that the number and identit
79 conclude that non-photochemical quenching is catalysed by two independent mechanisms, with the fastes
80 e-promoted alpha-hydroxyketone rearrangement catalysed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases to accou
81 plex activates H2 under mild conditions, and catalyses C-H hydride abstraction plus H2 generation fro
82 ct distribution and production rate for NGQD-catalysed carbon dioxide reduction is comparable to thos
83 ) necessary for the glove-box-free palladium-catalysed carbon-fluorine, carbon-nitrogen, and carbon-c
86 ties generate hot charge carriers, which can catalyse chemical reactions or induce redox processes in
90 electron reduction of CO2 for the photoredox-catalysed continuous flow synthesis of alpha-amino acids
93 port the detailed investigation of a surface-catalysed cross-coupling and sequential cyclization casc
94 of regioselective halogenase enzymes with Pd-catalysed cross-coupling chemistry, in one-pot reactions
96 Whereas advances in the related field of Pd-catalysed cross-coupling have been driven by ligand desi
99 ally employed in sequential transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling sequences to unite heterocyclic
100 hiation with (-)-sparteine followed by Pd(0) catalysed cross-coupling to prepare alpha-arylated amine
102 ose a class of phosphines that enable the Ni-catalysed Csp(3) Suzuki coupling of acetals with boronic
106 will focus on the development of main group catalysed dehydrocoupling reactions as a route to hetero
107 polymeric polyphenols, before and after acid-catalysed depolymerisation in the presence of a nucleoph
109 demonstrate that cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) can catalyse Diels-Alder reactions for a number of substitut
111 l voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) that catalyse dopamine (DA) transmission are incompletely def
112 rug transporter LmrP from Lactococcus lactis catalyses drug efflux in a membrane potential and chemic
113 cognate RDFs to create single proteins that catalyse efficient attL x attR recombination in vivo and
115 able contribution to multidrug resistance by catalysing efflux of myriad structurally and chemically
118 endogenous let-7 miRNA-induced and Argonaute-catalysed endonucleolytic cleavage on target mRNAs at va
121 creased levels of endogenous TNT-active GSTs catalyse excessive glutathionylation of endogenous subst
122 hed with PfVIT revealed that the transporter catalysed Fe(2+/)H(+) exchange driven by the proton elec
125 ce of carbazolyne cyclization followed by Rh-catalysed fragmentation to install the seven-membered ri
133 ol products using sequential, copper-hydride-catalysed hydrosilylation and hydroamination of readily
134 troscopy showed that Ag NPs were not able to catalyse hydroxyl radical generation, but that they dire
136 rstanding of palaeoclimate dynamics, and has catalysed improvements in the accuracy and precision of
138 terconversion of phosphoglycerate isomers is catalysed in numerous pathogenic microorganisms by a cof
140 meric integrase components are sufficient to catalyse integration, the flanking integrase dimers were
143 phiphilic imine dissolved in chloroform that catalyses its own formation by bringing together a hydro
147 mplex (LUBAC) is a multimeric E3 ligase that catalyses M1 or linear ubiquitination of activated immun
148 preserves the young surface of our planet by catalysing mantle convection, lubricating plate tectonic
150 c carboxylates, we generated mutant proteins catalysing membrane potential-independent dye efflux by
151 ling mechanistic uncertainties in human P450-catalysed metabolism of the immunomodulatory drug leflun
153 of acetate release, it was shown that AnCDA catalyses mono-deacetylation of (GlcNAc)2 and full deace
155 stingly, we have identified two enzymes that catalyse NEIL1 polyubiquitylation, Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligas
160 ic cascades; herein illustrated by the Pd/Pt-catalysed oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol to cinnamic acid
161 e intermediacy of Co(IV)-O species in cobalt-catalysed oxidation of organic substrates as well as in
162 South American crude oils with ruthenium ion catalysed oxidation to characterize their n-alkyl append
163 low coordination numbers-are more active in catalysing oxidation and reduction of chemically active
164 ed bioanode with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalysing oxidation of glycerol and glyceraldehyde.
167 filament on single-stranded (ss) DNA, which catalyses pairing with homologous double-stranded (ds) D
168 ft the exchange behaviour towards the HLA-DM-catalysed pathway and further allow us to conceptualize
171 Fungal inositol polyphosphate (IP) kinases catalyse phosphorylation of IP3 to inositol pyrophosphat
172 ubixanthin and (all-E)-lycopene using iodine-catalysed photoisomerisation showed that the (5'Z)-isome
173 hypothesized to be the Na(+) /Pi symporters catalysing Pi uptake in chlorophytes, whereas PHOSPHATE
175 on in plant cell wall degradation, either by catalysing polysaccharide degradation itself, or by targ
180 stem combining alkoxides with thioureas that catalyses rapid and selective ring-opening polymerizatio
181 Harnessing these cooperative interactions to catalyse reactions in synthetic systems, however, remain
182 logical, noble metals to create enzymes that catalyse reactions not catalysed by native Fe-enzymes or
183 trans-o-hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate aldolase-catalysed reactions between fluoropyruvate and many (het
184 his critical review the applications of gold catalysed reactions in total synthesis during the years
185 essential tool for the application of metal-catalysed reactions industrially, but these existing lib
186 ronsted acid, Lewis acid, or multifunctional catalysed reactions is discussed and generalised to prov
187 erization, wherein a series of enzymatically catalysed reactions is employed to generate secondary me
189 ified ACFL550 and AC550 were applied in acid-catalysed reactions, the dehydration of methanol to dime
190 in contrast to traditional metal- or enzyme-catalysed reactions, with many impressive advances made
195 rom a 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate in an OxsB-catalysed ring contraction reaction initiated by hydroge
196 ing, accelerate RPR evolution, and allow RPR-catalysed RNA synthesis at near physiological (>/=1 mM)
197 teps, which follow a complex acid- and photo-catalysed route with oxygenation by both singlet and tri
198 ng involve both thermal and transition metal catalysed routes but recent developments have shown that
199 iew the rapidly expanding field of ruthenium catalysed sigma-activation as a tool in the selective me
200 rsally conserved Cas1-Cas2 integrase complex catalyses spacer acquisition using a direct nucleophilic
201 and define paracrystalline surfaces able to catalyse specific enantioselective chemical reactions.
202 onine (SAM)-dependent enzyme, LepI, that can catalyse stereoselective dehydration followed by three p
203 es two 3'-nucleotides from both LTR ends and catalyses strand transfer of the recessed 3'-hydroxyls i
206 tant glycosynthases; enzymes which can still catalyse synthetic processes using oxazolines as donors,
207 cyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which not only catalyse the attachment of cognate amino acids to their
208 nsely packed with protein microcrystals that catalyse the bioluminescent reaction using ATP and the s
210 2 and ME3) are oxidative decarboxylases that catalyse the conversion of malate to pyruvate and are es
211 oxide support suspended in aqueous solution, catalyse the direct conversion of methane to methanol an
212 e-size N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) catalyse the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
213 ntiomer of the products of C-H insertion and catalyse the enantio- and diastereoselective cyclopropan
215 ed myoglobins containing an Ir(Me) site that catalyse the functionalization of C-H bonds to form C-C
217 ocesses of silver-based nanoparticles, which catalyse the oxidation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
218 NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme known to catalyse the oxidation of NAD(P)H, is upregulated when p
220 itronate monooxygenases encoded by NMO genes catalyse the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes.
222 synthase from Thalictrum flavum (TfNCS) can catalyse the PSR between dopamine and unactivated ketone
223 zae (AspRedAm, Uniprot code Q2TW47) that can catalyse the reductive coupling of a broad set of carbon
224 hetic applications of these enzymes, i.e. to catalyse the reverse of their natural hydrolytic mode of
225 Eukaryotic box C/D small nucleolar (sno)RNPs catalyse the site-specific 2-O-methylation of ribosomal
227 roid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the liver, catalyse the transcription of Nrf2 downstream genes, and
229 Histone methyltransferases EZH1 and EZH2 catalyse the trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (
231 invasions endured by organisms for eons have catalysed the evolution of gene-regulatory networks.
233 enase is the largest known metal cluster and catalyses the 6-electron reduction of dinitrogen to ammo
236 .1.1.7), encoded by two ace in most insects, catalyses the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby termin
238 se-1 (PFK1), the 'gatekeeper' of glycolysis, catalyses the committed step of the glycolytic pathway b
240 nsists of a self-labelling enzyme tag, which catalyses the covalent linking of exogenously supplement
242 H3) (PNP=N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2(-)), catalyses the dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to cyclic
243 able and inexpensive potassium tert-butoxide catalyses the direct silylation of aromatic heterocycles
244 The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) catalyses the distal step in LTB4 synthesis and hence in
246 cy of glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyses the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogen
247 aY (phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase) catalyses the first and an essential membrane step of pe
248 -carboxylate synthase (P5CS), an enzyme that catalyses the first and common step of proline and ornit
249 ), which encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyses the first committed reaction and rate-limiting
250 ritical yet severely inefficient enzyme that catalyses the fixation of virtually all of the carbon fo
251 te-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis which catalyses the formation of dihydroneopterin 3'triphosfat
252 is the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase which catalyses the generation of linear ubiquitin linkages de
253 nvolved in the recycling of ascorbate, which catalyses the glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of o
254 of Abeta) fibrils, fibrillar alpha-synuclein catalyses the heterogeneous nucleation of Abeta42 aggreg
255 in part, a cellular ceramidase activity that catalyses the hydrolysis of ceramide to produce sphingos
256 um (V)-nitrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii catalyses the in vitro conversion of carbon monoxide (CO
258 ctate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, p
260 L-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) catalyses the last enzymatic step of the ascorbate biosy
261 garia x ananassa Enone Oxidoreductase (FaEO) catalyses the last reductive step in the biosynthesis of
263 ahydrofolic acid cofactors, and specifically catalyses the NADPH-dependent oxidation of dimethylamine
265 putative precursors, indicating that PNPLA1 catalyses the omega-O-esterification with linoleic acid
266 thylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1) catalyses the oxygen-dependent oxidation of glutathione
267 t in the crystal one or more of the proteins catalyses the production of light using coelenterazine d
269 ional, transmembrane glycoprotein human CD38 catalyses the synthesis of three key Ca(2+)-mobilising m
271 Apolipoprotein N-acyl transferase (Lnt) catalyses the third step in this pathway, whereby it tra
274 WcaJ is an Escherichia coli membrane enzyme catalysing the biosynthesis of undecaprenyl-diphosphate-
275 mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme capable of catalysing the C-S bond formation and sulfoxidation, her
276 ve cross-disciplinary scientific approach is catalysing the creation of technologies and intervention
278 membrane domain restores barrier function by catalysing the formation of a receptor complex in the pl
279 re possessing Bi surface droplets capable of catalysing the formation of nanostructures during Bi-ric
280 ase from recognizing cyclin B and securin by catalysing the incorporation of the APC/C co-activator,
281 ies of the glf gene, which encodes an enzyme catalysing the last step in the synthesis of galactofura
282 blish that the PPKs are directly involved in catalysing the photoactivated-phy-induced phosphorylatio
284 oride salts are significantly more active in catalysing the SuFEx reaction compared to organosuperbas
285 otransferases are a diverse group of enzymes catalysing the transfer of a sulfuryl group from 3'-phos
286 riptional modifications and the enzymes that catalyse them modulate stem cell differentiation pathway
290 hyltransferases (PRMT1-9), whose members can catalyse three distinct types of methylation on arginine
291 the SUMO Targeted ubiquitin Ligase Rnf4 that catalyses transfer of ubiquitin from a ubiquitin loaded
293 histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH, EC 1.1.1.23), catalyses two oxidation reactions: from L-histidinol (HO
294 scher indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employi
295 , we show that these proteins are capable of catalysing ubiquitination without the need for the E1 an
296 ubiquitylating NEIL1 in vitro, and that both catalyse ubiquitylation of NEIL1 within the same C-termi
298 y formation of viral ribonucleoproteins that catalyse viral RNA synthesis is inhibited, causing decre
299 rgeted for OEC deposition, and whether sites catalysing water oxidation also contribute to competing
300 hanisms, with the fastest activated response catalysed within monomeric LHC proteins depending on bot
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