ライフサイエンスコーパス: causation

1 y be attributable to confounding and reverse causation.

2 to address residual confounding and reverse causation.

3 or evaluating the role of microbes in cancer causation.

4 art of the association may be due to reverse causation.

5 ng the modified Bradford Hill guidelines for causation.

6 al data are prone to confounding and reverse causation.

7 nvolvement in cardiac hypertrophy and cancer causation.

8 ely to be a prime element of Crohn's disease causation.

9 tial biases related to indication or reverse causation.

10 butable to unmeasured confounding or reverse causation.

11 did the level of agreement on anthropogenic causation.

12 and correlations do not necessarily indicate causation.

13 al processes have been implicated in disease causation.

14 areas, particularly the mechanisms of cancer causation.

15 time analyses, applied to check for reverse causation.

16 to increased adiposity, i.e., bidirectional causation.

17 t to which this association reflects reverse causation.

18 l associations with IBD implicate infectious causation.

19 only be evaluated under a proper measure of causation.

20 lled studies, and association does not prove causation.

21 der age, pre-existing lung disease, and drug causation.

22 tself is not sufficient to establish climate causation.

23 ld, (iv) intentionality, and (v) intentional causation.

24 n and whether it can be explained by reverse causation.

25 ports, as retrospective studies cannot prove causation.

26 dies that are unlikely to establish ultimate causation.

27 e novo, providing strong genetic evidence of causation.

28 ntries on the basis of defined categories of causation.

29 (S), involved in stress response and disease causation.

30 s of acceptance/rejection of Mayr's model of causation.

31 g and characterizing many aspects of genetic causation.

32 stablished criteria for the determination of causation.

33 th epilepsy, broadening our understanding of causation.

34 h a neurodevelopmental contribution to crime causation.

35 igation to clarify the likelihood of disease causation.

36 ignificant association rather than inferring causation.

37 s, and is based on eliminating the etiologic causation.

38 turn, that this function is important in HPE causation.

39 thus be inappropriate, conveying inaccurate causation.

40 and acute manner limits our understanding of causation.

41 causing suggesting new mechanisms of disease causation.

42 diet and other environmental factors in its causation.

43 h the methodological difficulties of showing causation.

44 teria for the rapid establishment for cancer causation.

45 We found little support for reverse causation.

46 ssibility of residual confounding or reverse causation.

47 needed to link genetic variants with disease causation.

48 ontrol bias owing to confounding and reverse causation.

49 ies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation.

50 entially confounded by smoking or by reverse causation.

51 sive appreciation of the spectrum of disease causation.

52 r, uncertainty exists as to the direction of causation.

53 usal or the result of confounding or reverse causation.

54 xome sequencing in order to identify genetic causation.

55 Correlation does not imply causation.

56 few studies have considered possible reverse causation.

57 No support was found for reverse causation.

58 anemia has provided new insight into disease causation.

59 though this correlation does not demonstrate causation.

60 andomly allocated and not subject to reverse causation.

61 founding, and/or is a consequence of reverse causation.

62 AD are possibly confounded or due to reverse causation.

63 n observational study and so we cannot infer causation.

64 ey contributor, but is not required, for HSP causation.

65 ciation is due to confounding and/or reverse causation.

66 g the need for integrative models to resolve causation.

67 an diseases and abnormalities have a genetic causation.

68 (-/-) 2D2 mice, suggesting a role in disease causation.

69 igations; however, Big Data cannot establish causation.

70 unlikely to be due to confounding or reverse causation.

71 es do not account for confounding or reverse causation.

72 were susceptible to confounding and reverse causation.

73 by Konec ni's anger-aggression bidirectional-causation (AABC) model and can be usefully incorporated

74 ion, and its relation to questions of actual causation, along with questions concerning the use of th

75 sion, an outcome less susceptible to reverse causation, among 1,455 men diagnosed with clinically loc

76 ove beyond correlations and begin to address causation, an effective system is needed for refining th

77 bstantially reduced the ability to determine causation and attribution of the interventions.

78 rol of behavior, but evidence of unconscious causation and automaticity has sustained the contrary vi

79 implications for our understanding of cancer causation and cancer prevention.

80 ly given the significant heterogeneity of AP causation and clinical course.

81 ies), and consider issues related to reverse causation and detection bias.

82 s in glycine as this will affect the genetic causation and genetic counselling, and provide prognosti

83 However, the frequency of single-gene causation and its age distribution in large cohorts are

84 ndelian randomization design free of reverse causation and largely free of confounding.

85 logical study including confounding, reverse causation and measurement error can afflict conventional

86 they are susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error.

87 asthma are increasingly reported, but direct causation and mechanisms underlying an effect remain unk

88 g to a separation of the site of mechanistic causation and metabolic consequence.

89 n defining the genetic mechanisms of disease causation and modification in autosomal dominant polycys

90 e to the long-term aims of understanding the causation and pathogenesis of congenital anomalies, and

91 o integrate and interpret data about disease causation and pathophysiology.

92 s of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human diseases.

93 matory mechanisms that play roles in disease causation and progression have revealed lessons about in

94 postulated as a key pathogenic factor in the causation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease

95 pigenetic processes are implicated in cancer causation and progression.

96 ype 2 diabetes may shed new light on disease causation and progression.

97 l studies are prone to bias, such as reverse causation and residual confounding, thus limiting our un

98 onal data are plagued by problems of reverse causation and self-selection into further education.

99 We use this method to uncover the causation and sufficiency of fiber diameter in the initi

100 es the chain of evidence from association to causation and supports the common disease-common variant

101 pe heterogeneity, feature selection, reverse causation and system-level analyses that require integra

102 f in vivo pressure regimes on osteoarthritis causation and the efficacy of augmentations to, and subs

103 13, FAAH2, and GSPT2, as candidates for XLID causation and the identification of further deletions an

104 al studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and various biases and have generated findings

105 nfounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observation

106 is subject to residual confounding, reverse causation, and bias.

107 egarding culpability, sentencing, liability, causation, and damages.

108 studies can only establish correlation, not causation, and existing experimental animal approaches a

109 ntation, the military context, hypotheses of causation, and issues of management are explored to disc

110 ferred models of dynamics, connectivity, and causation are accurate in vivo.

111 erstanding Abeta monomer folding and disease causation are discussed.

112 Estimates for stillbirth causation are impeded by various classification systems,

113 The arguments for cancer causation are particularly convincing when epidemiologic

114 e risks, it is premature to consider reverse causation as an important cause of bias.

115 approaches, and the challenges of improving causation assessment.

116 ludes every detail, thus leaving no room for causation at the macro level.

117 To test for causation between dysbiosis and systemic inflammation in

118 These data establish causation between phasic activation of VTA dopamine neur

119 genetic overlap and tested the direction of causation between schizophrenia liability, brain structu

120 We investigate the direction of causation between vitamin D and CRC by extending the con

121 pes are not generally susceptible to reverse causation bias and confounding, reflecting their fixed n

122 I may be a useful metric to minimize reverse causation bias associated with a single baseline BMI ass

123 and subject to publication bias and reverse causation bias.

124 plasticity of the genome complicates genetic causation but should be investigated from a functional p

125 lculations may help to determine the symptom causation, but refinement and outcome studies are needed

126 lay, and we describe evidence supporting its causation by a mutation in SLC18A2 (which encodes vesicu

127 young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (YAHL) suggests causation by a relatively late infection with a common c

128 lated the target cell phenotypes, indicating causation by APOBEC3G.

129 onal segregation patterns in families due to causation by de novo mutations, incomplete penetrance, a

130 s been an influential historical emphasis on causation by emotional trauma, which is not supported by

131 serum PFC levels, and to investigate reverse causation by estimating associations between PFC levels

132 Adjusting for reverse causation by excluding children with eczema, wheeze, or

133 Then we moved from this correlation to causation by isolating single cortical neurons and showi

134 1.2 years [interquartile range, 59.8-77.6]); causation by staphylococci (62 [35.0% {95% CI, 28.0%-42.

135 itfalls of conflating proximate and ultimate causation; (c) the role of development in the production

136 However, once phenotypic data are obtained, causation can turn out to be unexpectedly simple.

137 onfirm this hypothesis in other samples, and causation cannot be assumed based on this analysis.

138 ed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), causation cannot be tested in humans.

139 e analysis of Hill criteria, the validity of causation conclusions was limited, mainly owing to the a

140 ever, these studies may be biased by reverse causation, confounded by unmeasured environmental exposu

141 distinct types corresponding to patterns of causation, content domains, and explanatory stances, all

142 ental validation are required before disease causation could be assumed.

143 ecause both residual confounding and reverse causation could explain these results.

144 Although reverse causation could, in part, explain the inverse associatio

145 Although the Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer causation does not explain all features of this multifac

146 marijuana exposure, suggesting that reverse causation due to self-medication could explain previous

147 Although there is no proof of causation, especially in the pediatric literature, an ev

148 A study of reverse causation: examining the associations of perfluorooctano

149 sociation could not be attributed to reverse causation (fibroids preventing exercise).

150 udies to reach consensus on probabilities of causation for 15 exposure-response relations between sub

151 Any theory of causation for a specific agent will have to be congruent

152 red PFOA and menopause is subject to reverse causation for this outcome.

153 ntury saw the elucidation of clues to cancer causation from observed associations with population exp

154 Consideration of both ultimate and proximate causation goes beyond philosophical cogitations, as it w

155 The genetic contribution to CP causation has been predicted to be ~2%.

156 ight and mortality, the construct of reverse causation has come to be used to imply that the exposure

157 demethylation have since been reported, but causation has not been demonstrated and to date there is

158 The results show that crash causation has shifted dramatically in recent years, with

159 novel genes not previously implicated in SCD causation have been found, particularly in long QT syndr

160 Bradford Hill's criteria for causation have been modified and should be adopted as a

161 ted gene set involved in the cervical cancer causation have been utilized for identifying potential r

162 As a test of social causation, I examined whether persons were less healthy

163 between these socioeconomic groups, reverse causation (ie, downward social selection for high-risk d

164 ed a 4-y lagged analysis to minimize reverse causation (ie, increased water consumption that was due

165 a hugely influential paper on the nature of causation in biology, in which he distinguished between

166 in adaptation to uses of proximal and distal causation in biology.

167 cal malignancy and new insights into disease causation in CLL.

168 t the wavelengths and mechanisms of melanoma causation in different models are dependent on the prese

169 in genetically engineered mice that queries causation in disease evolution of regulatory networks pe

170 sal mechanisms, and to disentangling reverse causation in epigenetic analyses.

171 se new approaches offer insight into disease causation in families in which this might previously hav

172 e challenges and strategies for establishing causation in human disease.

173 the difficulty of going from association to causation in human epidemiology; the fact that viruses c

174 echanism for telomere shortening and disease causation in humans.

175 e findings provide little support for social causation in neighborhood health associations and sugges

176 ider Bradford Hill's framework for examining causation in observational research for the association

177 be adopted as a framework for demonstrating causation in relationship to multiple sclerosis.

178 ical component to clade dynamics can obscure causation in the extinction of a feature or a clade, owi

179 omes to examine the possible role of reverse causation in these associations.

180 rce of diversity in host tropism and disease causation in this group of organisms.

181 Accounting for probability of causation, in the European Union, organophosphate pestic

182 environmental and genetic factors in disease causation, including ancestral geographic origins, socio

183 at the procedures used to adjust for reverse causation increase validity or have large or systematic

184 epression and to examine the role of reverse causation (influence of mood on intake) as potential exp

185 ommon, severe congenital malformations whose causation involves multiple genes and environmental fact

186 sy should be genetically investigated before causation is ascribed to perinatal asphyxia or other aet

187 mmation and brain damage exist, but proof of causation is elusive.

188 el for which the action spectrum of melanoma causation is known is a genetically melanoma-susceptible

189 However, proof of causation is lacking.

190 This question of causation is most directly addressable in genetically tr

191 Causation is multifactorial and exogenous or endogenous

192 However, conscious causation is often indirect and delayed, and it depends

193 gistic interaction of this consortium in LAP causation is possible and is the subject of ongoing rese

194 gens have more robust associations, in which causation is probable.

195 ght have been cross-sectional, and therefore causation is uncertain.

196 wever, how these factors interact in disease causation is unclear.

197 ms in dementia patients but the direction of causation is unclear.

198 nmental factor or were the result of reverse causation, it is unlikely that parental smoking would pr

199 y may account for only a fraction of genetic causation; it is anticipated that additional genes causa

200 We suggest that representation and causation may actually reflect somewhat separable neurop

201 tially introduced by confounding and reverse causation may have influenced these findings.

202 This uncoupling between association and causation may result from a failure of oral vitamin D to

203 unchanged in analyses that addressed reverse causation, multivariable adjustments for other risk fact

204 imizes problems with confounding and reverse causation, now demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipopr

205 ns of the TGF- beta signaling pathway in the causation of a major subclass of human CHDs.

206 and other viral infections contribute to the causation of acute exacerbations of asthma, but that add

207 u, and apolipoprotein E isoforms have in the causation of AD.

208 PD Lys751Gln polymorphism may play a role in causation of AML in children and, as shown in adults, ma

209 y number variants--are clearly implicated in causation of autism.

210 panded research is needed into environmental causation of autism.

211 cific Treg cells that leads to protection or causation of autoimmunity.

212 The evidence for conscious causation of behavior is profound, extensive, adaptive,

213 ying the role of oxidative DNA damage in the causation of cancer and its prevention by antioxidants.

214 The postulated role of infection in the causation of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblas

215 ors, especially genetic determinants, in the causation of complex diseases such as diabetes.

216 Causation of core pleasure or 'liking' reactions is much

217 ding of the role of vulnerable plaque in the causation of coronary events, coupled with novel diagnos

218 To better understand the causation of disease due to the R303C mutation, as well

219 odels are unifactorial assuming single-agent causation of disease.

220 svirus (KSHV) is vital to its life cycle and causation of disease.

221 help one prove or disprove a multifactorial causation of disease; new criteria are needed.

222 Thus, our study reveals a reciprocal causation of ER stress and JNK1/2 in mediating the terat

223 lan, we must first understand the underlying causation of errors based on human and system-related fa

224 ser epidemiologic surveillance to understand causation of HCC at the population level and to help imp

225 o the host genome has been implicated in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

226 sted to contribute to their colonization and causation of human diseases but have not been well-chara

227 s) are tobacco carcinogens implicated in the causation of human lung cancer.

228 s genetic background and contribution to the causation of hyperuricemia.

229 ts, uncertainty regarding true positives and causation of illness, delay in receiving the test result

230 rmation in vivo as demonstrated by a role in causation of infectious endocarditis in a rabbit model.

231 No evidence for causation of inflammatory bowel disease by a single agen

232 e convenient for many sorts of analyses, the causation of key phenomena such as natural selection and

233 irect evidence implicating neuronatin in the causation of Lafora disease and diabetes.

234 The probability of causation of male breast cancer following radiation expo

235 S) technologies in the identification of the causation of nonsyndromic genetic cardiomyopathies.

236 st an etiology that has implications for the causation of other human autoimmune diseases.

237 KSHV) is a human herpesvirus involved in the causation of several human cancers.

238 e that postoperative factors may play in the causation of SSIs in the current era.

239 dered to play a relatively minor role in the causation of SSIs.

240 that human papillomavirus had a role in the causation of the cancer.

241 Our understanding of the causation of the chondrocalcinosis and other disorders c

242 te alleles of the tagged gene that confirmed causation of the dek phenotype by the Dsg insertion.

243 However, the roles and causation of these changes in bipolar disorder have been

244 to its receptors is the crucial step in the causation of these multistep events.

245 ding of gene-environment interactions in the causation of this complex trait.

246 on the genetic stratification and biological causation of this neonatal/paediatric disorder.

247 ping glioma and provide insight into disease causation of this primary brain tumor.

248 ood ALL and provide new insight into disease causation of this specific hematological cancer.

249 ssense mutations do not play a major role in causation of TSC disease, they represent a significant p

250 uctures has been closely associated with the causation of type 2 diabetes.

251 ificant progress in the understanding of the causation of urinary retention.

252 of progression, and known health risks (the causation of which by SCCD awaits proof by randomized cl

253 One of the main causations of the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is

254 tia rating (CDR) is not because of a reverse causation or confounding effect.

255 methylation proxy SNP suggests that reverse causation or confounding may explain the initial associa

256 potential effects and importance of reverse causation or illness-related weight loss as a source of

257 tered, but whether it is involved in disease causation or is a consequence of host selection remains

258 human skin microbiota may play roles in the causation or modification of skin diseases, we sought to

259 is association could be explained by reverse causation or other factors.

260 bronchiolitis directly contributes to asthma causation or simply identifies infants at risk for subse

261 increasing the risk of cannabis use (reverse causation), or a causal effect of cannabis use on psycho

262 We also found evidence of reverse causation: PFCs were positively associated with rate of

263 lized settings is most likely due to reverse causation: Poverty reduces agency to resist obesogenic f

264 ; however, the mechanisms attributed to this causation remain obscure.

265 he role of rare missense variants in disease causation remains difficult to interpret.

266 Mayr's account of causation remains widely accepted today, with both posit

267 hich the developmental origin and underlying causation(s) have been elusive.

268 Reverse causation seems unlikely to have played a role.

269 ation) versus modeled (unaffected by reverse causation) serum PFOA in association with these outcomes

270 issociation between decision correlation and causation, showing that strong neuron-decision correlati

271 n SES and individual development: the social causation, social selection, and interactionist perspect

272 The light-at-night theory of breast cancer causation states that a portion of the high breast cance

273 However, definitive cell type-specific causation studies in vivo are lacking, and the molecular

274 The evidence implicating infectious causation suggests that future studies of IBD would bene

275 , endotoxin-lipoprotein interaction, reverse causation, survival bias, time discrepancies among compe

276 levels would be less susceptible to reverse causation than measured levels.

277 Under a multiplicative model of disease causation, the GSRs for a locus are the genotypic risks

278 asonably theorized to be related to behavior causation, the true nature of that relationship cannot b

279 sis-associated risk factors and contemporary causation theory.

280 unders, and there was no evidence of reverse causation, therefore leaving the remaining unexplained a

281 Although we cannot rule out reverse causation, these data support the hypothesis that dairy

282 Although the results do not demonstrate causation, they do suggest that there are effects of cig

283 that were free from confounding and reverse causation, to assess the causal role of this protein.

284 that is free of the confounding and reverse causation typical of classical epidemiology.

285 Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown.

286 We compared measured (subject to reverse causation) versus modeled (unaffected by reverse causati

287 evidence demonstrates support for the social causation view that SES affects families and the develop

288 Reverse causation was also suggested but appeared to be restrict

289 Causation was assessed differently to the reporting regi

290 atm in a recessive model of inheritance, and causation was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting.

291 ously ill obese men, suggesting that reverse causation was not responsible for the lower relative mor

292 Reverse causation was tested by comparing change in area depriva

293 be" vs the "host internal milieu" in disease causation, we make the case for parallel investments int

294 Reverse causation, whereby health outcomes increase serum PFOA,

295 ctors (for example, physiology) and ultimate causation with evolutionary explanations (for example, n

296 Mayr equated proximate causation with immediate factors (for example, physiolog

297 m 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be due to reversed causation with increased adiposity leading to suboptimal

298 es; and yet others have suggested a converse causation with raised intracranial pressure giving rise

299 untangle 'windows of opportunity' or reverse causation with vascular factors (hypertension and BMI),

300 de support for an expanded multihit model of causation, with potential implications for miRNA-based t