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1 t are sourced in a multifunctional brainstem central pattern generator.
2 t is thought to be controlled by a brainstem central pattern generator.
3 consistent with a postsynaptic effect on the central pattern generator.
4 and pattern-initiating neurons of the buccal central pattern generator.
5 ties of neuron B51, an element of the buccal central pattern generator.
6 y through integrated reflex pathways with no central pattern generator.
7 taneous swimming gait without the need for a central pattern generator.
8 and probe the organization of the mammalian central pattern generator.
9 netic and cellular basis of a model chordate central pattern generator.
10 ught to be produced by segmentally organized central pattern generators.
11 he interactions between functionally related central pattern generators.
12 rder control and indirect interactions among central pattern generators.
13 in sensory and neuromuscular circuits and in central pattern generators.
14 ry bursts with properties similar to in vivo central pattern generators.
15 c and cholinergic components ensure that the central pattern generator activates motoneurones effecti
18 splantation improved spinal conductivity and central pattern generator activity, and that treadmill t
20 behavior that is thought to be governed by a central pattern generator and that is accompanied by hig
21 edback to the cervical enlargement of lumbar central pattern generator and/or hindlimb proprioceptive
22 roids on vocal patterning at two levels: (1) central pattern generators and (2) social behavior in na
23 blocks the depolarizing "ramp" input to the central pattern generator, and consequently the motor pr
24 with the lack of biophysical evidence for a central pattern generator, and recent experimental evide
26 e of the rhythmically active leech heartbeat central pattern generator are pairs of mutually inhibito
27 cending interneurons (dINs)] in the swimming central pattern generator are raised by depolarization d
33 A more modest focus of many neuroscientists, central pattern generators, are more tractable neuronal
35 not a necessary component of the respiratory central pattern generator but constitutes a defensive me
37 propose that steroid-dependent modulation of central pattern generators can govern the overt expressi
38 rhythmic behavior one must characterize the central pattern generator circuit and quantify the popul
39 w that dopamine exerts potent effects on the central pattern generator circuit controlling locomotory
41 or neurons of the reticular formation, where central pattern generator circuits controlling orofacial
42 the presence of two distinct left and right central pattern generators, connected as coupled oscilla
44 ive components of the mouse spinal locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) and candidates for the r
45 ration of rhythmic behavior is operated by a central pattern generator (CPG) and does not require per
46 behavior is governed by a sexually dimorphic central pattern generator (CPG) and that fictive vocaliz
47 that early activity in the zebrafish spinal central pattern generator (CPG) and the earliest locomot
49 e inhibitory neurotransmitter for neurons in central pattern generator (CPG) circuits underlying swim
51 dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs) of the swim central pattern generator (CPG) directly excite Pedal ne
52 ude that motoneurons provide feedback to the central pattern generator (CPG) during drug-induced loco
53 We explored the organization of the spinal central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion by analys
57 s) are serotonergic neurons intrinsic to the central pattern generator (CPG) for swimming in the moll
58 In Melibe, it was previously shown that the central pattern generator (CPG) for swimming is composed
59 We found an example of such recovery in the central pattern generator (CPG) for the escape swim of t
60 ern, interneuron C2, a crucial member of the central pattern generator (CPG) for this rhythmic behavi
61 on of tongue control, the integration of the central pattern generator (CPG) for TP/R with other aero
63 eurons (DSIs) are members of the escape swim central pattern generator (CPG) in the mollusk Tritonia
64 We found no evidence that other swimming central pattern generator (CPG) interneurons are coupled
65 f neural characters comprising a vocal-sonic central pattern generator (CPG) morphotype is proposed f
67 ic contraction, are initiated by output from central pattern generator (CPG) networks in the CNS.
69 riginate in the brain but are coordinated by Central Pattern Generator (CPG) neural networks in the s
73 e mammalian spinal cord contains a locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) that can produce alterna
74 he core interneuronal components of the limb central pattern generator (CPG) that coordinate flexor-e
76 lled "whisking," are produced by a brainstem central pattern generator (CPG) that uses serotonin to i
78 mportant extrinsic modulatory actions on the central pattern generator (CPG) underlying rhythmic inge
79 nal cord circuitry incorporating a two-level central pattern generator (CPG) with separate half-centr
80 icit distinct rhythmic motor patterns from a central pattern generator (CPG), but they can instead el
82 ere, we use the leech (Hirudo sp.) heartbeat central pattern generator (CPG), in which we can measure
83 gence relates to the formation of the spinal central pattern generator (CPG), the circuit that mediat
85 imal locomotion is controlled, in part, by a central pattern generator (CPG), which is an intraspinal
86 ng function of B64 depend on the type of the central pattern generator (CPG)-elicited response rather
96 ebrates and invertebrates, chains of coupled central pattern generators (CPGs) are commonly evoked to
98 motor neuron activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neural circuits th
99 l pathways involved in retraining the spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) by afferent input in t
102 e coordination between the spatially distant central pattern generators (CPGs) controlling forelimb a
103 twork shares many functional properties with central pattern generators (CPGs) found in relatively si
106 urons) is a potent activator of the hindlimb central pattern generators (CPGs) in rodent spinal cords
107 ent excitation and inhibition originating in central pattern generators (CPGs) may be used to control
108 ral mechanisms that underlie the function of central pattern generators (CPGs) presents a formidable
113 cord injury patients by reactivating spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) requires the elucidati
114 e control of spinal neural networks known as central pattern generators (CPGs) that comprise multiple
115 Locomotion relies on neural networks called central pattern generators (CPGs) that generate periodic
118 These networks, which are referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs), are ideal systems for
119 absence of sensory feedback, commonly called central pattern generators (CPGs), are involved in many
120 Oscillating neuronal circuits, known as central pattern generators (CPGs), are responsible for g
121 In pacemaker-driven networks, including many central pattern generators (CPGs), this frequency range
125 ate spinal cord, a real understanding of how central pattern generators develop is hindered by our la
126 h bicuculline or by surgical ablation of the central pattern generator during early embryogenesis, we
128 medulla, which contains key elements of the central pattern generator for breathing that are importa
129 omotor-related signal produced by the lumbar central pattern generator for locomotion selectively mod
131 whisker premotor neurons, which might form a central pattern generator for rhythmic whisker protracti
133 by different neural pathways, including the central pattern generator for walking, brainstem pathway
134 ent work that delineated the location of the central pattern generator for whisking has enabled pharm
135 uggests that insect thoracic ganglia contain central pattern generators for directed leg movements.
136 ing overground locomotion, suggesting normal central pattern generator function and supporting our hy
137 A computational model of the Aplysia feeding central pattern generator has, therefore, suggested that
138 ut the connections from cell Tr2 to the swim central pattern generator have not been identified.
139 xperimental preparations, sensory inputs and central pattern generators have now been shown to play d
140 The technology consists of silicon hardware central pattern generators (hCPGs) that may be trained t
141 interneurons are components of the hindlimb central pattern generator, helping to organize left-righ
142 y information from this stimulus to the swim central pattern generator, (ii) elicits the swim motor p
144 nal networks, such as those comprising motor central pattern generators; in turn, they receive feedba
145 stimulation (TANES), which can activate the central pattern generator, inducing active weight-suppor
147 tion of the electrically coupled neuron N3P (central pattern generator) interneurons does not affect
148 er movements and may be a key component in a central pattern generator involved in the generation of
149 that the high reliability and flexibility of central pattern generators is determined by their redund
153 n systems such as the vertebrate respiratory central pattern generator, multiple pacemaker types inte
154 s can be regulated to make a self-assembling central pattern generator network; thus, network-level h
155 rates is based on a set of modules, like the central pattern generator networks (CPGs) in the spinal
157 ic excitation of the reciprocally inhibitory central pattern generator neurons LG (protraction) and I
159 may be attributed to damage inflicted on the central pattern generator of locomotion resulting in dys
162 nderstand the cellular and synaptic bases of central pattern generator organization and reconfigurati
164 s, apNPYergic reconfiguration of the feeding central pattern generator plays a role in the gradual tr
165 Neural networks in the spinal cord known as central pattern generators produce the sequential activa
166 jection network, neuromuscular junction, and central pattern generator, providing a platform for inve
170 hanges in some aspects of the circuitry of a central pattern generator, such as a several-fold increa
171 paration for copulation, is the product of a central pattern generator that consists of oscillators i
172 LP neuron is part of the pyloric network, a central pattern generator that normally oscillates with
173 peripheral nerve activates an interneuronal central pattern generator that produces the long-lasting
174 s in particular are an integral component of central pattern generators that control respiration and
175 regulated by a spinal neuronal network, the central pattern generator, the activity of which is modu
176 haviors emerging from interactions between a central pattern generator, the body, and the physical en
177 s modulatory premotor inputs to a vertebrate central pattern generator, the pacemaker nucleus in gymn
179 neuron circuits collectively referred to as "central pattern generators." The contribution of proprio
180 in or detach the circuit from the locomotion central pattern generator to produce active and inactive
181 erent motor patterns generated by the buccal central pattern generator were induced by monotonic stim
184 patterns are easily quantified and studied, central pattern generators will provide important testin
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