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1 A expression profiles in mouse, opossum, and chicken.
2  the connectivity between ICX and TeO in the chicken.
3 acs and compare those data with data for the chicken.
4 to chicken) and/or lard supplemented beef or chicken.
5 eef, horsemeat, duck meat, ostrich meat, and chicken.
6 t dog or cat, cattle, and poultry other than chicken.
7 in mice, and against Campylobacter jejuni in chicken.
8  wild species that gave rise to the domestic chicken.
9 rotein oxidation in the impaired quality PSE chicken.
10 pathology and extrapulmonary virus spread in chickens.
11  HT1080 and HeLa, and remained attenuated in chickens.
12 on is partially compensated between sexes in chickens.
13 reconstruct in vitro the microbiota of feral chickens.
14 rom normally slaughtered and dead on arrival chickens.
15 ion in gut lesions and mortality in infected chickens.
16 ion of the median lethal dose in two-day old chickens.
17 do not know how piRNAs co-evolve with TEs in chickens.
18 imism could be a useful welfare indicator in chickens.
19 ene conferred extrapulmonary virus spread in chickens.
20 es not produce piRNAs in undomesticated wild chickens.
21 that have putatively been under selection in chickens.
22 t an easy way to visualize all taste buds in chickens.
23 ly divergent LD patterns found in commercial chickens.
24 ion products were found in live but not dead chickens.
25 in five purebred lines of commercial broiler chickens.
26  documented consequence of chronic stress in chickens.
27 in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts and chickens.
28 tinal tract of free-range, broiler and feral chickens.
29 f a midbrain network to visual perception in chickens.
30 iruses that can cause a rising prevalence in chickens.
31 re able to infect and be transmitted between chickens.
32 tion characteristics and transmissibility in chickens.
33 ll positives (384/602) and 81.2% of positive chickens (359/442).
34 05) when it was blended with fish (7.1%) and chicken (4.9%), however it was unaffected by beef.
35  coli isolates were likely to originate from chickens (56%) or from pigs (32%).
36                               In contrast to chicken, a visually foraging bird, the majority of duck
37 nes have been used widely to protect village chickens against Newcastle disease, due to their decreas
38 --based on simulations with the K237E mutant chicken alpha-actinin--and evaluate the mechanism of alp
39 direct projection from ICX to the TeO in the chicken, although this is small and only to the deeper l
40 m the ceca within the production lifetime of chickens, although is involved in clearance from the sma
41   The method enabled detection of 1%(w/w) of chicken and 1%(w/w) pork in a mixture of the meat of thr
42 ere are wildlife species as sensitive as the chicken and demonstrates how using predictive genotyping
43 s of xDP, xFP, and waDP were administered to chicken and double-crested cormorant hepatocytes to dete
44 being impacted, two avian ToxChip PCR arrays-chicken and double-crested cormorant-were utilized, and
45 ociated non-coding variants are faced with a chicken and egg problem - such variants cannot be easily
46                                          The chicken and fish protein groups had lower GSH and higher
47 uring and detecting S. typhimurium in ground chicken and ground beef.
48 tance genes and the shared resistome of pig, chicken and human fecal samples.
49                            We showed that in chicken and mouse embryos, PAPC expression is tightly re
50                                        Using chicken and mouse models, we show that the identity, not
51  a common prosensory domain in the embryonic chicken and mouse otocyst.
52 ved expression during canal morphogenesis in chicken and mouse.
53 study of functional immunity to C. jejuni in chicken and shows antibody is ineffective in clearing C.
54 rban and agricultural development, including chicken and turkey litter leachate, wastewater treatment
55 n the waterfowl reservoir and the commercial chicken and turkey populations, with the ultimate goal o
56       We first exploited differences between chicken and zebra finch gut morphology to identify the B
57  on computational and experimental data from chicken and zebra finch, and acts to equalize male-to-fe
58 tomics to comparatively examine resistant-AS chickens and AS controls.
59 leling detection of IAV in H9N2-infected SPF chickens and chickens from LBM showed that pan-IAV FRET-
60 f humans, nematodes, drosophilids, platypus, chickens and leishmania.
61 thogenicity of the H7N2 viruses by infecting chickens and mice.
62 s, are the largest contributors, followed by chickens and pigs.
63 LV-J, a retrovirus that causes infections in chickens and serious economic losses in the poultry indu
64 re able to infect and be transmitted between chickens and showed increased binding to human-like rece
65 ation to other gallinaceous species, such as chickens and turkeys.
66 e later outbreaks affected mostly commercial chickens and turkeys.
67 ed upon the consumption of beef (compared to chicken) and/or lard supplemented beef or chicken.
68      This suggests that the roles of UCN3 in chicken, and perhaps sauropsids in general, are not all
69 rent types of restructured meat (pork, beef, chicken, and turkey) was developed using six tryptic mar
70 enes encoding C/EBPalpha in humans, rodents, chickens, and frogs and is also present in the promoters
71 ence of single-stranded DNA viruses, such as chicken anemia virus (CAV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV
72 oading properties and tapasin involvement in chicken are fixed in duck alleles and suggest tapasin in
73 e previously shown that Kauai Island's feral chickens are a highly variable and admixed population.
74                  Eimeria species that infect chickens are most significant, with Eimeria tenella amon
75 he strategies used by Salmonella to colonize chickens are poorly understood.
76 ude that changes in corticosterone levels in chickens are sufficient to cause a specific change in de
77 genotyped using the 60K SNP Illumina iSelect chicken array.
78 s largely untested, and the relevance of the chicken as an ecological model is uncertain.
79                                       In the chicken as well as in the turtle (from data in the liter
80 b sites for many human, mouse, zebrafish and chicken assemblies to support the Genome Reference Conso
81 ced vibrations within the apical half of the chicken basilar papilla in vivo and found broadly-tuned
82 rther contrast to BCO1, purified recombinant chicken BCO2 also catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of 9-
83                We have expressed recombinant chicken BCO2 in the strain E. coli BL21-Gold (DE3) and p
84 genotype is the replacement of the earlier A/chicken/Beijing/1/1994 (BJ/94)-like M gene with the A/qu
85           No new interactions were found for chicken BetaM and human Na,K-ATPase beta1, beta2 and bet
86  pale, soft and exudative (PSE) condition in chicken breast are studied.
87 uated and reproduced by utilizing a boneless chicken breast as a phantom.
88       By embedding a TSPN-containing tube in chicken-breast tissue, an imaging depth of more than 5 c
89 earch on the genomic characteristics of this chicken breed as well as others.
90        Thirty meat mixtures containing beef, chicken, camel, rabbit, goat and sheep with varying perc
91 hat normally slaughtered and dead on arrival chicken can be differentiated based on the metabolic pro
92 and 3) compare microbial communities between chicken carcass rinsates and recovered bacteria from med
93 PSE was induced by incubation of post-mortem chicken carcasses at 37 degrees C for 200min.
94  identify microbial compositional changes on chicken carcasses during processing, 2) determine the an
95 saccharides were successfully extracted from chicken cartilage and skin.
96                        Our results show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills E. coli by permeabilizing t
97                In this article, we show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills Escherichia coli in an immu
98 vation on a Marek's disease lymphoma-derived chicken cell line, MDCC-MSB1.
99 s induction of the IFN signalling pathway in chicken cells and can potentiate virus replication.
100 ied gene expression and protein synthesis in chicken cells infected with the important poultry pathog
101                                              Chicken cells lacking Rnf4 are hypersensitive to hyroxyu
102  ensuring transmission to rodent, human, and chicken cells lacking the appropriate receptor.
103 ne folate derivatives kills human, mouse and chicken cells that cannot detoxify formaldehyde or that
104 ng radiation-induced DSB repair in human and chicken cells.
105 uni strains and the impact on fitness during chicken colonisation, survival in houseflies and under n
106 ays reduced virulence in vivo, in a model of chicken colonization.
107 ing 68 animal manure pooled samples of cats, chickens, cows, dogs, ducks, pigs, and pigeons.
108  at five regions of the cornea and sclera in chickens developing high myopia and astigmatism induced
109 mic absorption spectrometry quantified Cu in chicken dialyzable fraction.
110 study we determined that two inbred lines of chicken differing in their genetic background , Lines 0
111 eukosis virus (ALV) has endogenized prior to chicken domestication, remains infectious, and threatens
112 regulated by ancient CELF family homologs in chicken, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans suggests
113 oil used continuously for deep-fat frying of chicken drumsticks.
114                              TRPM7-deficient chicken DT40 B lymphocytes exhibit a strongly impaired S
115 whole-genome sequencing of multiple isogenic chicken DT40 cell clones to precisely determine the cons
116       We report the use of the BU-1 locus of chicken DT40 cells to screen for small molecules able to
117 0 new, heat-stable peptide markers unique to chicken, duck and goose were identified, with significan
118     Faecal contamination of meat, especially chicken, during processing represents a key route of tra
119                            The target of one chicken egg (60g) was reached on the 18(th) day.
120 thod is validated using calorimetry data for chicken egg lysozyme, mutated Protein A, three wild-type
121 reatment, consisting of the ingestion of one chicken egg per day; no allergic symptoms have been obse
122 e tripeptide LWL and subsequently applied to chicken egg white lysozyme, in which one biotinylated el
123 s@ew) with bright photoluminescence by using chicken egg white proteins as starting materials to reac
124 atients could eat foods containing half of a chicken egg.
125                                 Contaminated chicken/egg products are major sources of human salmonel
126 oyed chorioallantoic membranes of fertilized chicken eggs as host.
127     Using the nascent skin of the developing chicken embryo as a model system, we find that morpholog
128  genomic imprinting has been reported in the chicken embryo as a whole, we interrogated the existence
129                                 By using the chicken embryo as an animal model, science has been able
130 levating miR-16 significantly inhibited DF-1 chicken embryo cell proliferation, consistent with a rol
131 of different tissues into the periphery of a chicken embryo elicit different responses: Hensen's node
132  is rapidly replacing its progenitor primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) for studies on avian v
133 we summarise studies that have exploited the chicken embryo model to determine the effects on prenata
134               In contrast to mammals, in the chicken embryo the effects on the developing cardiovascu
135 ence of genomic imprinting in the 12-day-old chicken embryonic brain and liver by examining ASE in F1
136 nfection severity and infectivity in primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts and chickens.
137 ced in a developmentally regulated manner in chicken embryonic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choro
138         Gain and loss of function of PAPC in chicken embryos disrupted somite segmentation by alterin
139 al RCAS vector system to generate transgenic chicken embryos that constitutively and stably expressed
140 pa defines the antiviral state in developing chicken embryos, we used replication-competent retrovira
141 colysis in the posterior region of mouse and chicken embryos.
142 ular target, are teratogenic when exposed to chicken embryos.
143 ncreased the survival rate of virus-infected chicken embryos.
144 ITIES to single cell expression data of T2EC chicken erythrocytes pointed to BATF as a candidate nove
145 he time of meso-zeaxanthin production during chicken eye development, and we present evidence that ov
146 ition of meso-zeaxanthin biosynthesis during chicken eye development.
147 id microextraction of doxycycline (DOC) from chicken fat.
148 ere isolated from the case patients and from chicken fecal samples collected at the live bird markets
149  were identified on an assembled scaffold of chicken feces, and are carried by human pathogens.
150      ASA was the only As species detected in chicken feed samples, with a concentration between 0.72
151 otal arsenic in selected food samples (beef, chicken, fish, milk, cheese, egg, rice, rice-based produ
152                                              Chicken from a particular poultry supplier was identifie
153                               A total of 565 chickens from five commercial purebred lines, including
154 ion of IAV in H9N2-infected SPF chickens and chickens from LBM showed that pan-IAV FRET-PCR had a hig
155                                           In chickens (Gallus gallus), NL is a well-studied model sys
156                                           In chickens (Gallus gallus), three pathways arise from nucl
157 distribution of UCN3 mRNA in a sauropsid-the chicken, Gallus gallus.
158 exhibit cooperative behavior in two types of chicken games (the hawk-dove game and the snowdrift game
159 eration can be exhibited by the poor in some chicken games.
160 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl conjugated to chicken gamma globulin and found a similar effect.
161 tantial regions are missing from the current chicken genome assembly.
162 itive-sequence content was identified in the chicken genome but without indicating its genomic positi
163 regions spanning approximately 1.45 % of the chicken genome in each line were detected by consensus o
164 ould be resolved in future assemblies of the chicken genome.
165  Here we reported that all active TEs in the chicken germ line are targeted by piRNAs, and as TEs los
166 sing order of CML concentration: beef, bacon>chicken > fish>dairy products>grain products>fruits/vege
167  short turnover cycle, our data suggest that chicken gustatory tissue provides an ideal system for mu
168 nderstand the transcriptomic architecture of chicken gustatory tissues.
169 ns that are not typically retrieved from the chicken gut.
170                  A radiation hybrid panel of chicken-hamster Wg3hCl2 cells was used to map the genome
171  molecules varies as much as 10-fold between chicken haplotypes and is inversely correlated with dive
172                                          The chicken has long been considered uniquely sensitive to D
173            Chicken NK-lysin (cNK-lysin), the chicken homologue of human granulysin, is a cationic amp
174  against A/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2), and 36% A/chicken/Hong Kong/SF4/01 (H6N1).
175 isolate of HFMG is greatly attenuated in the chicken host relative to the index isolate, notably demo
176       Here we report the characterization of chicken IFN-kappa (chIFN-kappa) near the type I IFN locu
177 viruses that caused countrywide outbreaks in chickens in China during 2010 to 2013, which led to the
178  of H9N2 viruses in countrywide outbreaks in chickens in China, which was responsible, through reasso
179 ntribution to the rising virus prevalence in chickens in China.IMPORTANCE We recently described the c
180 ed scan is implemented in a diverse panel of chickens including 72 distinct breeds genotyped at 538 2
181  we identified 137 genes that are missing in chicken, including the long-sought-after nephrin and tum
182 ghly contagious T-cell lymphoid neoplasia of chicken induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV).
183 iments, RNA was isolated from tracheas of 20 chickens infected with M. gallisepticum Rlow and 20 mock
184 s that were preferentially bound by IgY from chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium or S.
185        Anserine was found to be specific for chicken intake, whereas trimethylamine-N-oxide showed go
186  both normal and stimulated conditions using chicken interferon-alpha (chIFN-alpha) and the attenuate
187  for efficient C. jejuni colonization of the chicken intestine.
188 tably demonstrating a virulence phenotype in chickens inversely related to that in the finch host.
189 patterns in the embryonic brain of mouse and chicken is being essential for understanding pallial org
190                                           In chicken, lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) adjacent to occipi
191                     Misidentification of the chicken leptin gene has hampered research of leptin sign
192 s was used to map the genome location of the chicken leptin gene.
193         The high GC-content observed for the chicken leptin syntenic group suggests that other simila
194                                      Mapping chicken leptin together with a cluster of five syntenic
195 me mapping and sequence characteristics, the chicken leptin was not located on a microchromosome, whi
196 n F1 reciprocal crosses of two highly inbred chicken lines (Fayoumi and Leghorn).
197 ined on livers of high-weight and low-weight chicken lines by microarray.
198 DOM fluorescence (EEM-PARAFAC) indicated the chicken litter contained a biologically reactive fluores
199  analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) showed that chicken litter leachate stimulated phytoplankton growth
200 ing the observed phytoplankton growth in the chicken litter leachate treatments.
201 ith tissue-mimicking phantoms and an ex vivo chicken liver through 2D/3D imaging.
202 ast food and full-fat dairy, fish, red meat, chicken, low-fat milk, and legumes.
203 rocessed food samples [chicken sausages (2), chicken luncheon (2), turkey meat loaf, milk chocolate w
204 clear whether TLR3 has same function against chicken lymphoma.
205 model of Cox-2 over-expression driven by the chicken lysozyme locus (cLys-Cox-2), which directs integ
206 peptides modulate the immune response in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11 and in chicken primary
207                                          The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has stron
208 linc-GALMD3 might be a critical regulator in chicken MD and could be used as a candidate-promising ma
209       Patients with food allergy to fish and chicken meat (n = 29) or chicken meat only (n = 7) were
210 ost realistic scenario assayed (i.e., spiked chicken meat analysis), only 13% of the AgNPs present in
211                               Consumption of chicken meat and eating out were the most important risk
212                             In this study, a chicken meat containing AgNPs (candidate reference mater
213 allergy to fish and chicken meat (n = 29) or chicken meat only (n = 7) were recruited.
214 analysing the colour change when tested with chicken meat spiked with the three pathogenic bacteria.
215           The target DNA spiked food matrix (chicken meat) is also successfully detected at a concent
216  for the detection of fraudulently processed chicken meat.
217  to reduce Campylobacter load, especially on chicken meat.
218 uld differentiate pork from beef, chevon and chicken meat.
219 ell culture and 1000-fold more virulent in a chicken model than other strains; accordingly, the isola
220                                              Chicken Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type I (chNHE1), a multispa
221                                              Chicken NK-lysin (cNK-lysin), the chicken homologue of h
222  and VA2013 in their levels of virulence for chickens; notably, this difference correlated inversely
223  In contrast, ectopic expression of the same chicken Ntn1 in the mouse otic vesicle, where apoptosis
224 n acrylamide content of French Fries, chips, chicken nuggets, onions rings, breakfast cereals, biscui
225 nt foodstuffs, sour cream, egg, egg yolk and chicken nuggets.
226                          We used the layered chicken optic tectum to model cortical development, and
227 ockdown of MCT8 in neural progenitors of the chicken optic tectum, a layered structure that shares ma
228 esent evidence that overexpression of either chicken or human RPE65 in cell culture leads to the prod
229  significantly stimulated axonal growth from chicken or rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).
230 res moving in their typical bipedal (man and chicken) or quadrupedal mode (crawling-baby and cat).
231 nal proof for its identification as the true chicken ortholog.
232                         We demonstrated with chicken OVA-specific TCR-transgenic mice that the same t
233 rotein via hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor
234 that female mouse embryos lacking Coup-tfII (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor
235                                              Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor
236  nanoclusters, which were mainly composed of chicken ovalbumin-encapsulated AuNCs, can recognize rici
237  presence of Galbeta(1-->4)GlcNAc ligands on chicken ovalbumin.
238 tor family, was identified from an embryonic chicken pancreatic cDNA library in a screen for secreted
239                                              Chicken parvalbumin and two new allergens, aldolase and
240 of xDP, xFP, and waDP, respectively, using a chicken PCR array comprising 27 AhR-related genes.
241 n of well-established methods (i.e., CEH and chicken PCR array) to the double-crested cormorant demon
242  Wnt signaling enhances the proliferation of chicken PGCs via the stabilization of beta-catenin and a
243                             In DDX4 knockout chickens, PGCs are initially formed but are lost during
244              As animal sources we considered chicken, pig, pet dog or cat, cattle, and poultry other
245 urfold larger carbonyl content determined in chicken, pork and beef (2.8, 3.6 and 3.1 nmol/mg of prot
246 trol), and proteins isolated from soy, fish, chicken, pork and beef.
247 We attribute the dampened seasonal cycles in chicken pox information-seeking behavior to VZV vaccine-
248                                   Priming of chicken primary fibroblasts and tracheal organ cultures
249 the chicken macrophage cell line HD11 and in chicken primary monocytes by evaluating the induction of
250 of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) in vitro.
251 porter construct to the DDX4 (vasa) locus in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs).
252 d stress hormone, corticosterone, in broiler chickens produced a pessimistic judgment bias.
253  muscle dystrophy are observed in commercial chicken products, but the muscle physiological causes fo
254                                 IgE-reactive chicken proteins were identified (Edman, MS analysis) an
255 0 subjects consumed increasing quantities of chicken, red meat, processed meat, and fish over 3 succe
256 house finch, was significantly attenuated in chickens relative to VA1994, displaying less-severe path
257         Whether genomic imprinting exists in chickens remains debatable, as previous studies have rep
258 enome-wide association study (GWAS) in an F2 chicken resource population.
259 ches, displayed significant virulence in the chicken respiratory tract.
260  Pharmacological immobilisation of embryonic chickens revealed that altered motility, independent of
261 zes the essential steps in understanding the chicken Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome association with
262 ic lesions in the midbrain severely impair a chicken's ability to discriminate orientations.
263 sulfaquinoxaline (151.4-1196.7 mug kg(-1) in chicken samples) and sulfadiazine (109.8 mug kg(-1) in a
264 ted pork DNA in nine processed food samples [chicken sausages (2), chicken luncheon (2), turkey meat
265                    Metabolomic evaluation of chicken serum using ultra-performance liquid chromatogra
266                In mouse, but not opossum and chicken, sex bias is coordinated across tissues such tha
267 Raman signals of the scaffolds and HA (fresh chicken skin used as a top layer).
268 recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of chicken Slo2.2, the ion permeation pathway of the channe
269 filament model obtained by rigidly docking a chicken smooth muscle myosin structure to the reconstruc
270    We report the full-length sequence of two chicken source influenza A (H7N9) viruses found in Guang
271               This research establishes that chicken sulfated GAG polysaccharides can enhance iron up
272 al phenomenon is proposed to be termed 'fish-chicken syndrome' with cross-reactive allergens involved
273 e first report about the function of TLR3 in chicken T-cell lymphoma, especially in signal pathway.
274              Combined with other features of chicken taste buds, e.g., uniquely patterned array and s
275                                           In chicken, the TeO is organized in 15 layers where visual
276 tal of 14,326 gene transcripts were found in chicken thrombocytes across all ligand exposures.
277  and biochemical pathways reveal the role of chicken thrombocytes in proinflammatory responses linked
278  lymphocytes in response to C. jejuni in the chicken through depletion of the B lymphocyte population
279 lts suggest that IAV(H7N9) viruses evolve in chickens through antigenic drift to include a signature
280  the catbird is at least as sensitive as the chicken to DLCs, based on both embryotoxicity and mRNA i
281 s evaluated after submitting beef, pork, and chicken to five different thermal treatments.
282                             We trained young chickens to discriminate a stimulus (paper cone) placed
283 n the midbrain stimulus selection network-in chickens trained to perform an orientation discriminatio
284 dered to be adapted to gallinaceous species (chickens, turkeys, quail, etc.) and less likely to infec
285                                       Mature chicken UCN3 is predicted to be a 40-amino acid peptide
286  tube-shaped taste buds were observed in the chicken using 2-photon microscopy.
287 re taste buds than previously appreciated in chickens using molecular markers to stain oral epithelia
288                Stronger activity for man and chicken versus baby and cat was found in the right pSTS
289  Unlike other sequenced sex chromosomes, the chicken W chromosome did not acquire and amplify genes s
290 opose that, like the human Y chromosome, the chicken W chromosome is essential for embryonic viabilit
291                             We sequenced the chicken W chromosome, compared its gene content with our
292 f human C. jejuni isolates to originate from chickens was highest (74%), whereas pigs were a negligib
293            MRSA1679a, a strain isolated from chicken, was observed to be highly virulent, in cell cul
294           Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) layer chickens were infected with ALV-J or maintained as non-i
295                                      Broiler chickens were used because they are obesity-prone, and b
296                                           In chicken, which has a Z/W sex chromosome system, expressi
297                                      Both in chicken with an age of 21 and 31days, respectively, pect
298 mmon cause of lameness in commercial broiler chickens worldwide.
299           The similarities of CSF-c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these chara
300 mpare the organization of the CSF-c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expres
301                                         In a chicken yolk sac membrane model, under the same ultrasou

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