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1 synthesized in the cytosol and imported into chloroplasts.
2 cal energy occur in specific organelles, the chloroplasts.
3 richments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts.
4 in Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
5 at AtCPT7 resides in the stroma of mesophyll chloroplasts.
6 oteins, including EcTSR and EcGCL, into rice chloroplasts.
7 (TOC) and inner (TIC) envelope membranes of chloroplasts.
8 ed with a loss of Mn content in vacuoles and chloroplasts.
9 ulum but that it also could be recognized in chloroplasts.
10 ne of bacteria and the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
11 tor, which we show translocates into tobacco chloroplasts.
12 iratory export of glycolate from Arabidopsis chloroplasts.
13 he transition from proplastids to functional chloroplasts.
14 transition to photosynthetically functional chloroplasts.
15 rogress toward synthesizing a carboxysome in chloroplasts.
16 o hinder its heterologous expression in leaf chloroplasts.
17 drial Oxa1 are the Alb3 and Alb4 proteins in chloroplasts.
18 blots confirmed MzASMT9 was localized in the chloroplasts.
19 mponents of the transcriptional apparatus in chloroplasts.
20 tain appropriate DPOR activity in black pine chloroplasts.
21 e homologous recombination phenomenon in the chloroplast, allowing to introduce an exogenous, selecta
23 t between compartments by supplying P to the chloroplast and carbon to the cytosol for lipid synthesi
24 phase is dependent on the activation of the chloroplast and generates massive changes in the nuclear
25 eukaryotes, the metabolite exchange between chloroplast and mitochondria ensures efficient photosynt
29 Hybridization and introgression confound chloroplast and mitochondrial phylogenies in relation to
30 ALIZER shows greater prediction accuracy for chloroplast and mitochondrial targeting compared to othe
39 ed with inducer were chlorotic with aberrant chloroplasts and undeveloped thylakoids, indicating an e
40 tid transit peptide targets the protein into chloroplasts and was able to complement the mutational d
41 ive macromolecular catabolism dismantles the chloroplasts and, consequently, decreases the photosynth
42 interacted with OsTrxZ (a subunit of PEP in chloroplasts) and enhanced OsTrxZ stability under low te
44 nterestingly, DYW2 and NUWA also interact in chloroplasts, and DYW2-GFP overexpressing lines show bro
46 mes, group II introns are found in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria of plants and fungi, but
47 Arabidopsis GLX system involves the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, which harbor individual
50 e thylakoid membranes of M cells, whereas BS chloroplasts are mostly composed of 16:0-containing PGs.
51 chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), as chloroplasts are particularly vulnerable to chlorampheni
53 ite sector cells containing undifferentiated chloroplasts are viable, but the underlying mechanism fo
54 e precursor, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), into chloroplast as the result of enhanced activity of cytoso
55 tal in engendering resistance and implicates chloroplasts as the primary sites driving glyphosate-res
56 ravel the location and extent of PTMs in the chloroplast ATP synthase (cATPase) purified from spinach
58 one levels with their precursors produced in chloroplasts between VMW and VMG, and further compared t
59 ndem affinity purification of the plastidial CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS 19 (CLB19) PPR editing factor.
61 mporal transition between photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis early in seed development and see
63 l in this mutant, indicating that a block in chloroplast biogenesis per se does not repress expressio
70 ccessfully target some foreign proteins into chloroplasts, but for other proteins these same CTPs hav
71 cing the photosynthetic energy budget of the chloroplast by generating ATP without net production of
72 R and EcGCL, failed to be targeted into rice chloroplasts by the commonly-used rice rbcS transit pept
73 Spanish (S+) - Turkish (T+) clade, plus nine chloroplast capture and two plastid DNA (ptDNA) introgre
74 tegy to the F-type ATP synthase from spinach chloroplasts (cATPase) providing a structural basis for
78 ntrating mechanisms (CCMs) into higher plant chloroplasts could increase photosynthetic productivity.
80 ation of plastohydroquinone catalyzed by the chloroplast cytochrome b6f This intermediate state is fo
83 ss monogalactosyldiacylglycerol derived from chloroplast-derived precursors in Arabidopsis tgd1-1 is
85 ovide novel insights into ways in which rice chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis are pr
89 e CPuORF action, since plants with uncoupled chloroplasts did not show uORF-dependent repression.
90 s found to inhibit chromoplast formation and chloroplast disintegration in fruits from 30 d after ant
92 ngle FtsZ, except in the basal glaucophytes, chloroplast division involves two heteropolymer-forming
93 gy-mediated linking of disparate segments of chloroplast DNA occurs frequently during healing of indu
95 existing and new phylogeographic data sets (chloroplast DNA) from 14 woody taxa in Eastern North Ame
96 SceI, and showed experimentally that tobacco chloroplast DNAs insert into nuclear genomes through dou
97 e engagement of photoprotective processes in chloroplast electron transport in leaves under canopy so
98 ch a reduced respiratory activity influenced chloroplast electron transport with consequent overreduc
99 accumulation of chloroplast transcripts and chloroplast-encoded proteins, and defective processing o
104 cose-gate" in the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts, facilitating selective metabolite exchange
105 associated with a spatial transition of the chloroplasts from clusters around the nucleus to the fin
109 ox regulation allows the rapid adaptation of chloroplast function to unpredictable changes in light i
111 ht large subunits (RbcL) encoded by a single chloroplast gene and eight small subunits (RbcS) encoded
112 ic compartment exerts anterograde control on chloroplast gene expression through numerous proteins th
116 uencing of DNA and RNA demonstrated that the chloroplast genes of Boodlea composita are encoded on 1-
118 D in plastid translation initiation, uncover chloroplast genes whose translation is influenced by SD-
119 (1 C = 0.43 pg), a perennial lifecycle, less chloroplast genetic diversity, and occurred in areas wit
120 species from the same family, the tung tree chloroplast genome is distinct with 85 single nucleotide
124 d species identification assays derived from chloroplast genome sequences are discussed in light of p
125 monas and tobacco, the transformation of the chloroplast genome still represents a challenging techno
128 lete nuclear ribosomal cistron, the complete chloroplast genome, a partial mitochondrial genome, and
129 ale and Dendrobium catenatum, most of the 11 chloroplast genome-encoded ndh genes (cp-ndh) have been
130 about 30 subunits from both the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and is ubiquitous across most land p
131 the time required for analysis of assembled chloroplast genomes and removes the need for pipelines a
137 yses, including data from cyanobacterial and chloroplast genomes using a Bayesian approach, with the
139 genomic analyses, using both the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, allowed us to detect a speciation e
144 potential operating signals originating from chloroplasts have been proposed, but none have been show
145 ctly or indirectly with high confidence with chloroplast HSP22E/F under heat stress thus revealing ch
146 psis, we discovered a novel component of the chloroplast import machinery, the regulatory kinase at t
147 egulation of C4 cycle genes by light and the chloroplast in the ancestral C3 state has facilitated th
152 five to seven granules, but remarkably, most chloroplasts in ptst2 mutants contained zero or one larg
154 ternal across animals and plants, biparental chloroplast inheritance has arisen multiple times in the
156 dy demonstrates the potential for biparental chloroplast inheritance to rescue cytonuclear compatibil
157 the partitioning of total conductance to the chloroplasts into cell wall and plasma membrane versus c
159 id composition of thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts is conserved from leaves to developing embr
161 mic analyses support the hypothesis that the chloroplast lineage diverged from its closet relative Gl
162 that the endosymbiosis that established the chloroplast lineage in eukaryotes can be traced back to
164 resulting in a characteristic difference in chloroplast lipid acyl composition between the two plant
165 in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, chloroplast lipid biosynthesis is largely dependent on i
166 tic enzymes, the functions of most predicted chloroplast lipid-degrading enzymes remain to be elucida
167 INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT2 (ISE2) is a chloroplast-localized RNA helicase that is indispensable
170 retrograde signaling, and were regulated by chloroplast maintenance master regulators such as GLK1.
172 epends on translocons at the outer and inner chloroplast membrane (TOC and TIC, respectively) complex
174 ts into cell wall and plasma membrane versus chloroplast membrane components, if CO2 was assumed to b
175 mplished by the TOC (translocon on the outer chloroplast membrane) and TIC (translocon on the inner c
176 t membrane) and TIC (translocon on the inner chloroplast membrane) machineries in the outer and inner
178 s a central role in the rapid acclimation of chloroplast metabolism to ever-fluctuating light availab
181 In cation partitioning assays with intact chloroplasts, Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) ions were differently se
183 known bacterial origins for mitochondria and chloroplasts, multiple origins of bacterial endosymbiosi
190 nd N. minor CA1a isoforms were imported into chloroplasts of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells, wherea
191 , whereas it is ultrafast in the oxygen-rich chloroplasts of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms
192 liana) PGK1 was localized exclusively in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic tissues, while PGK2 was e
198 y is highly compartmentalized, involving the chloroplast, peroxisome, cytosol, and mitochondria.
200 g comparative cytogenetic analysis and whole-chloroplast phylogenetics, we constructed, to our knowle
201 tic tissues, while PGK2 was expressed in the chloroplast/plastid of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthe
202 omain of TOC159 in vitro, and in mutant koc1 chloroplasts, preprotein import efficiency was diminishe
204 ing heat stress in order to understand which chloroplast processes are disturbed under heat stress.
205 In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered pl
207 amydomonas reinhardtii cells depleted of the chloroplast protein PGRL1 was rescued by the introductio
208 ted by the finding that loss of RH50 renders chloroplast protein synthesis sensitive to erythromycin
209 ersely, photosynthetic proteins and those of chloroplast protein synthesis were significantly lower i
213 ysis and mass spectrometry identified mainly chloroplast proteins differentially expressed between th
214 (Nicotiana tabacum) and identified a set of chloroplast proteins that are likely degraded by Clp.
216 Here we use two nuclear (ETS, ITS) and five chloroplast (rbcL, matK, trnL-F, ycf1, ycf1-rps15) fragm
218 Traditionally, it has been considered that chloroplast redox regulation relies on photosyntheticall
219 we propose that NTRC plays a pivotal role in chloroplast redox regulation, being necessary for the ac
220 ndicate that malate importantly controls the chloroplast reductive status and, thereby, affects isopr
221 al posttranslational mechanisms that lead to chloroplast regulation and turnover in response to stres
222 oups released by PLIP1 are exported from the chloroplast, reincorporated into phosphatidylcholine, an
223 of cell organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts require the import of many proteins from th
227 e TAC consists of RNAs produced by different chloroplast RNA polymerases and differs from the pattern
228 -regulation of the nuclear encoded genes for chloroplast RNA polymerases RPOTp and RPOTmp suggests th
229 dence for ISE2's role in multiple aspects of chloroplast RNA processing beyond group II intron splici
232 cture-seq2 datasets uncover hidden breaks in chloroplast rRNA and identify a previously unreported N1
233 s redox regulation of SAL1 for activation of chloroplast signaling is conserved in the plant kingdom,
235 es polyunsaturated acyl groups from a unique chloroplast-specific phosphatidylglycerol that contains
236 n the chloroplast of green plants, where the chloroplast SRP (cpSRP) post-translationally targets lig
237 I, pumps approximately two protons from the chloroplast stroma to the lumen per electron transferred
239 ron flow due to a more oxidized state of the chloroplast stroma, which is caused by an increased mito
241 single mutation that does not visibly affect chloroplast structure, kea3, impaired the rapid hyperosm
242 fusion protein was found to localize to the chloroplast, supporting the existence of a GPD2-dependen
248 We show that HSP22E and HSP22F are major chloroplast-targeted sHsps that have emerged from a rece
249 o the C3 and C3-C4 proteins, suggesting that chloroplast targeting of CA1a is the ancestral state and
250 sia tridentata ssp. Spiciformis, minus their chloroplast targeting regions, are 71% identical and 90%
251 otein kinase II_association domain, having a chloroplast targeting sequence, was only present at low
252 studied in great detail in both bacteria and chloroplasts, the identification of bona fide protease s
256 for melatonin synthesis, was fed to purified chloroplasts, they produced melatonin in a dose-response
257 show that HMR can be directly imported into chloroplasts through a transit peptide residing in the N
259 dence that H2O2 is transferred directly from chloroplasts to nuclei to control nuclear gene expressio
262 ubsequent ripening-induced transformation of chloroplasts to tubular chromoplasts was accompanied by
265 hways underlying the circadian regulation of chloroplast transcription by SIG5 are unidentified.
266 tic signals; and the circadian regulation of chloroplast transcription by SIG5 was predominantly depe
268 igated the signalling pathways that regulate chloroplast transcription in response to environmental s
271 e to light intensity was mediated by SIG5; a chloroplast transcriptional response to the relative pro
274 C-to-U RNA editing, altered accumulation of chloroplast transcripts and chloroplast-encoded proteins
277 achieve a stable, under selectable pressure, chloroplast transformation in Cyanidioschizon merolae-an
278 omplementation of a DeltapetD host strain by chloroplast transformation, we screened for impaired sta
281 , RCA of chlorophytes evolved by integrating chloroplast transit peptide (cTP), and N-terminal domain
282 thods and predicts a previously unrecognized chloroplast transit peptide for the ToxA effector, which
283 ncestral state and that loss of a functional chloroplast transit peptide in N. munroi CA1a is associa
285 s (PAPs) display a genetic arrest in eoplast-chloroplast transition leading to an albino phenotype in
286 nalysis of two nonviable mutants impaired in chloroplast translation, one (emb2394) lacking the RPL6
287 Hsc70, Hsp90C, and Hsp93, are present in the chloroplast translocon, but none has been shown to direc
288 is implies that other enzymes or nonspecific chloroplast transporters could provide 3-phosphoglycerat
289 -deficient plants drains reducing power from chloroplast Trxs, which results in low efficiency of lig
294 understand the molecular basis of tung tree chloroplasts, we sequenced and characterized its genome
295 roteins, dually targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts, were identified as potential partners of C
296 yanobacteria are most closely related to the chloroplast, when the plastid lineage first evolved, and
298 d PLGG1 partner in glycolate export from the chloroplast, whereas PLGG1 alone accounts for the import
300 stain photosynthesis performed by cotyledons chloroplasts, which is essential for early plant develop
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