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   1  amodiaquine and the former first-line agent chloroquine.                                            
     2  sensitivity of the mutant parasite lines to chloroquine.                                            
     3 oroquine-resistant strains more sensitive to chloroquine.                                            
     4 illing profile that is comparable to that of chloroquine.                                            
     5 hen cardiac autophagy in vivo was blocked by chloroquine.                                            
     6 y inhibited by raising Golgi luminal pH with chloroquine.                                            
     7 r cheek injection of capsaicin, formalin, or chloroquine.                                            
     8 ared to 17% when treated in combination with chloroquine.                                            
     9  1040, 1494, and 1585 nmol/L for double-dose chloroquine.                                            
    10 wing alkalinization of the phagolysosomes by chloroquine.                                            
    11 te's accumulation of, and susceptibility to, chloroquine.                                            
    12 0% versus 16% when given in combination with chloroquine.                                            
    13 en artesunate-mefloquine than in those given chloroquine (18.0 h [range 6.0-48.0] vs 24.0 h [6.0-60.0
    14 ainst BT-474 breast cancer cells compared to chloroquine, a clinically relevant autophagy inhibitor. 
  
    16 l or genetic means by using 3-methyladenine, chloroquine, a dominant negative form of ATG4B or silenc
  
    18 SO solution containing the antimalarial drug chloroquine, a known inhibitor of beta-hematin formation
    19 sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent often used as a phar
    20 ce of impaired autophagosome clearance after chloroquine administration in these mice indicative of i
  
    22 ssfully treated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine after failure of the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor v
    23 e 300 mg and 600 mg had better efficacy than chloroquine alone (treatment differences 51.7% [95% CI 3
  
  
    26 quine, and two (4%) of 54 patients receiving chloroquine alone, with no evidence of an additional eff
  
  
  
  
  
  
    33 or inhibiting autophagy pharmacologically by chloroquine, also induced the expression of CCL5 in mela
  
  
  
  
    38 id (FA) oxidation that was inhibited by both chloroquine and 3-methyl adenine, consistent with traffi
    39 mpacted H2O2 levels in mitochondria, whereas chloroquine and a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P
  
  
  
    43 e-chase experiments, together with lysosome (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) and autophagic (3-methyl
  
    45 they displayed synergistic interactions with chloroquine and dihydroartemisinin against parasite.    
  
    47 n signals of the important antimalaria drugs chloroquine and mefloquine were strongly enhanced utiliz
  
    49 ertaken to further investigate the effect of chloroquine and quinidine on the formation of beta-hemat
    50 ver, our analyses suggest that PfCRT accepts chloroquine and quinine at distinct but antagonistically
  
    52 parasites also have increased sensitivity to chloroquine and some other quinoline antimalarials, but 
    53  in coendemic areas where Pv is resistant to chloroquine and specific treatment for Pv hypnozoites no
    54 d through use of inhibitors of the lysosome (chloroquine) and heparanase (PG545), both alone and in c
    55 ous heat, capsaicin, and itch (histamine and chloroquine) and impaired thermoregulation but did not i
  
    57 s-positive neurons elicited by id histamine, chloroquine, and capsaicin, respectively, 3.7%, 4.3%, an
  
  
    60 s, chlorpromazine, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, chloroquine, and concanamycin A dramatically reduced SHF
  
    62 ts the intraerythrocytic development of both chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant P. falciparum s
    63 esting that the antiproliferative effects of chloroquine are independent of its suppressive actions o
    64 chloroquine-azithromycin arm compared to the chloroquine arm (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively).    
  
    66  of cell surface BMPR-II with agents such as chloroquine as a potential therapeutic approach for heri
  
  
    69 utant PfCRT transports the antimalarial drug chloroquine away from its target, whereas the wild-type 
    70  infections were significantly longer in the chloroquine-azithromycin arm compared to the chloroquine
  
  
    73 the effect of treating clinical malaria with chloroquine-azithromycin on the incidence of respiratory
    74 nfections among children assigned to receive chloroquine-azithromycin or chloroquine for all symptoma
    75  gastrointestinal-tract infections comparing chloroquine-azithromycin to chloroquine monotherapy were
  
  
    78 tration of the autophagy-lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, before EAE onset, delayed disease progressi
    79     Cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine blocked the decrease in human ataxin-3 level
    80     In cultured rat PASMCs we confirmed that chloroquine both inhibited autophagy pathways and increa
  
    82 5-50 times lower than an equitoxic amount of chloroquine but did not affect the viability of normal m
    83 ced the ability of this protein to transport chloroquine by approximately 93 and 82%, respectively, w
    84 ntradermal (id) microinjection of histamine, chloroquine, capsaicin, or vehicle into the left cheek. 
    85 modium falciparum-infected mosquitoes during chloroquine chemoprophylaxis (hereafter, chemoprophylaxi
  
    87 larial drug and autophagy/lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (CHQ) is considered as potential trigger of 
    88 etrial cells, a phenotypical bitter tastant (chloroquine, ChQ) reverses the rise in intracellular Ca(
    89 e, but not alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, chloroquine, compound 48/80, or bile acid, was markedly 
    90  to determine the in vivo efficacy of higher chloroquine concentrations against P. falciparum with re
    91 laria recurrence rates by day 28 whole-blood chloroquine concentrations at the time of recurrence and
  
  
    94 mal inhibitor and potential chemotherapeutic chloroquine consistently decreased catabolism for all su
    95 h Plasmodium chabaudi by mosquito bite under chloroquine cover does not generate pre-erythrocytic imm
  
  
    98 hthalmology recommendations on screening for chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopath
    99 g the treatment effects of the antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and quinacrine (Q) on KRAS mutant lung 
   100 h high malaria endemicity, the withdrawal of chloroquine (CQ) as first-line treatment of Plasmodium f
   101 ptosis, while the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) enhanced palmitic acid-induced apoptosi
   102 emonstrate that the common anti-malaria drug chloroquine (CQ) extends the lifespan of ZIKV-infected i
  
  
  
   106 with HDACis and autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) led to a massive accumulation of ubiqui
   107 effect of the acidotropic, antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) on the antifungal capacity of polymorph
   108 lled and randomly assigned to receive either chloroquine (CQ) or artemether-lumefantrine (AL), alone 
   109 c events (e.g., autophagosome maturation) by chloroquine (CQ) or Lamp2 shRNA, it was substantially di
   110 show that a lysosome-independent activity of chloroquine (CQ) prevents degradation of PUMA protein, p
   111 cently, several studies have emphasized that chloroquine (CQ) resistance (CQR) can be quantified in t
   112 orter (PfCRT) are the primary determinant of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in the malaria parasite Plas
   113 dence of the development of Plasmodium vivax chloroquine (CQ) resistance, there have been no trials c
  
   115 lycogen autophagy in skeletal muscles, using chloroquine (CQ) to simulate a vacuolar myopathy that is
  
   117  higher potency of autophagy inhibition than chloroquine (CQ), a well-known autophagy inhibitor that 
   118  skin-nerve preparation was used to evaluate chloroquine (CQ)- and histamine-induced activation of af
   119  target of rapamycin) pathway inhibitors and chloroquine (CQ)-an anti-malarial drug used as a cancer 
   120  induction of PfCRT, we quantified PfCRT and chloroquine (CQ)-dependent yeast growth inhibition and [
   121 valuated for their in vitro activity against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant and sensitive strains of Plas
  
  
  
  
   126 lled trial of blood- plus liver-stage drugs (chloroquine [CQ], 3 d; artemether-lumefantrine [AL], 3 d
  
   128 utophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1 (Baf) and chloroquine demonstrate that autophagy is required for A
   129 s, pharmacological autophagy inhibition with chloroquine derivatives depletes cells with high CD44 ex
  
  
   132 ingly, classical lysosome inhibitors such as chloroquine, E64D, and pepstatin A were also able to inh
  
  
   135 igned to receive chloroquine-azithromycin or chloroquine for all symptomatic malaria episodes over th
   136 laria-naive, healthy adult volunteers taking chloroquine for antimalarial chemoprophylaxis (vaccine a
  
  
   139 -dose tafenoquine 300 mg coadministered with chloroquine for P vivax malaria relapse prevention was m
  
  
  
   143 rsus 61 (55% [45-64]) of 111 patients in the chloroquine group (difference in proportion 29% [95% CI 
   144 up versus 2828 days per 1000 patients in the chloroquine group (incidence rate ratio 0.858 [95% CI 0.
   145 ine group and 41 (84%) of 49 patients in the chloroquine group at baseline, and in three (6%) of 49 p
  
   147 he involvement of TLR3 in this process using chloroquine (IC50 11.9 mum) and a dominant negative TLR3
   148 dose and 66%, 84%, and 91% after double-dose chloroquine in children aged <5, 5-9, and 10-14 years, r
  
   150 pe that was mimicked by the fusion inhibitor chloroquine in wild-type cells and rescued by expression
   151 sosomal degradation, such as bafilomycin and chloroquine, increased HIF-1alpha levels and HIF-1 activ
   152 i and cytosolic vesicles upon treatment with chloroquine, indicating that HS was degraded in lysosome
  
  
   155 ecause concentrations increase with age when chloroquine is prescribed according to body weight.     
  
   157  imatinib was reduced more than tenfold when chloroquine is used simultaneously, which suggests that 
  
   159 lkalinization of the acidic environment with chloroquine led to a rapid increase in the number of S. 
  
   161    Here, we show that the antimalarial drug, chloroquine, markedly increased cell surface expression 
   162 G-protein-coupled receptor C11 agonist), and chloroquine (mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 a
   163  is used simultaneously, which suggests that chloroquine may increase the efficacy of TKIs through ly
   164 on of its degradation with compounds such as chloroquine, may limit bone destruction in common bone d
   165  offers significant advantages compared with chloroquine monotherapy and supports a unified treatment
   166 ctions comparing chloroquine-azithromycin to chloroquine monotherapy were 0.67 (95% confidence interv
  
   168 eive either artesunate-mefloquine (n=127) or chloroquine (n=125); 226 (90%) patients comprised the mo
   169 PK inhibitor compound C, lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine or autophagy inhibitor 3MA enhanced gemcitab
   170  activity) were randomised to receive 3 d of chloroquine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in combina
  
   172 gy in the tumor cells as well as whether the chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine actually inhibit the a
   173 k for maculopathy associated with the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine are not undergoing rou
   174 oxychloroquine use, and 1409 (7.8%) had used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for at least 4 years. 
   175 , expert recommendations, long-term users of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine sulfate should undergo
  
   177 high-risk patients, each additional month of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine use was associated wit
   178 r SLE, 6339 (35.1%) had at least 1 record of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine use, and 1409 (7.8%) h
  
   180 its (annual visits in >/=3 of 5 years) among chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine users, including those
   181 ation of apoptosis, whereas cotreatment with chloroquine or knockdown of Atg7, but not Beclin-1 or Am
   182 noculated by mosquitoes to volunteers taking chloroquine or mefloquine (chemoprophylaxis with sporozo
   183 nhibiting autophagy with clomipramine (CMI), chloroquine or metformin increased apoptosis and signifi
   184 t mite or aerosol ova-albumin challenge, and chloroquine or quinine were tested in both prophylactic 
  
  
   187 torial activity between a Chk1 inhibitor and chloroquine or the LDHA/LDHB inhibitor GSK 2837808A.    
   188 nd was inhibited by Unc93b1(3d) mutation and chloroquine or TLR9 deficiency, indicating continued dep
   189 nce of an endosomal acidification inhibitor (chloroquine) or a lysosomal degradation inhibitor (Z-FL-
   190 h lysosomal inhibitors (ammonium chloride or chloroquine) or inhibitors of cathepsins (Z-FF-FMK or Z-
   191 tophagy by pharmacological (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, or bafilomycin A1) or genetic approaches (s
  
   193 injection of various pruritogens (histamine, chloroquine, or endothelin-1) and recorded spontaneous s
   194 ated using lysosomotropic weak bases (NH4Cl, chloroquine, or methylamine) that increased lysosomal pH
   195 mal stress inducers, including palmitate and chloroquine, or Torin1, an inhibitor of mammalian target
  
  
   198 c countrywide sampling demonstrates that the chloroquine pfcrt genotype has reached near-fixation, ra
   199 ax infection recurrence following receipt of chloroquine plus one of 4 doses of tafenoquine (50, 100,
   200  [n=57], 300 mg [n=57], 600 mg [n=56]; or to chloroquine plus primaquine [n=50]; or chloroquine alone
   201  of tafenoquine (50, 100, 300, or 600 mg) or chloroquine plus primaquine, compared with receipt of ch
   202 were randomly assigned to a treatment group (chloroquine plus tafenoquine 50 mg [n=55], 100 mg [n=57]
  
   204 ergistic growth inhibition when treated with chloroquine plus the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotini
  
   206  cytokines, and inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine prevents the ability of IL-6 to protect from
   207 c signatures were also found for atovaquone, chloroquine, proguanil, cycloguanil and methylene blue. 
   208  live Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) under chloroquine prophylaxis (PfSPZ-CVac), and were protected
   209 48/80, endothelin-1), not non-histaminergic (chloroquine) pruritogens in Trpv4 keratinocyte-specific 
   210 ffective quinoline antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine) function by preventin
   211 , and was blocked by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, rather than proteasome inhibitor MG-132.   
  
  
   214 -Bissau, routinely used triple standard-dose chloroquine remained effective for decades despite the e
  
  
   217  mutation) both conferred a moderate gain of chloroquine resistance and a reduction in growth rates i
   218 le from Cambodia (Cam734) conferred moderate chloroquine resistance and enhanced growth rates, when t
   219 micin protection assay in combination with a chloroquine resistance assay to quantify total and cytos
   220 sporter, PfCRT, are the major determinant of chloroquine resistance in this lethal human malaria para
  
   222 pe PfCRT and a PfCRT variant associated with chloroquine resistance transport both ferrous and ferric
   223 rtain mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) alter the par
   224 n drug resistance determinants P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) and multidrug
  
   226 sion of the wild-type (WT) allele K76 of the chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pfcrt) at the e
  
  
  
   230 r2 (multidrug resistance protein 2) and crt (chloroquine resistance transporter) also showed strong a
  
  
  
   234 om very low frequencies, peaking in 2000 for chloroquine resistance-associated crt and mdr1 genes and
  
  
  
   238 stance haplotypes, and all clusters shared a chloroquine-resistance genotype matching the pfcrt haplo
   239 unds provided better IC90 activities against chloroquine resistant (CQR) malaria than CQ, and seven c
  
   241 ed this hypothesis with a clinically derived chloroquine-resistant (CQ(r)) malaria parasite and with 
   242 smodial activities of QC, MB, and AO against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive P. falci
   243 iplasmodial activity in the nM range against chloroquine-resistant as well as chloroquine-sensitive s
  
  
  
  
   248 alysis has confounded global surveillance of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax, which is now present acr
  
  
   251 ses enlarged digestive vacuoles, and renders chloroquine-resistant strains more sensitive to chloroqu
   252 We show that a MO conjugate that targets the chloroquine-resistant transporter PfCRT is effective aga
   253 uction of the C101F or L272F mutation into a chloroquine-resistant variant of PfCRT reduced the abili
  
  
   256  a TLR7/8 dependent mechanism; this leads to chloroquine sensitive production of pro-inflammatory cyt
   257 reased lipophilicity and were potent against chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and -resistant (Dd2 and 7G8
  
  
   260 stant transporter PfCRT is effective against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasites, causes e
   261 y active against intraerythrocytic stages of chloroquine-sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparu
   262 MB, and AO against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum and determined wheth
  
   264 nge against chloroquine-resistant as well as chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum h
  
   266 2F variant of PfCRT confirmed this increased chloroquine sensitivity and enlarged food vacuole phenot
  
   268 th mAbs to HLA-DR (but not HLA-A, -B, -C) or chloroquine significantly reduced this nickel-specific I
   269 find that the heme-binding antimalarial drug chloroquine specifically increases labile cytosolic heme
   270 t of mice with a clinically relevant dose of chloroquine substantially decreased the accumulation of 
  
   272 contrast to the rapid and complete return of chloroquine-susceptible falciparum malaria after chloroq
  
  
   275  aimed to compare artesunate-mefloquine with chloroquine to define the optimum treatment for uncompli
  
   277  displaying an unprecedented binding mode of chloroquine to ferrocene through the bridging of the cyc
  
  
   280 amil to be a partial mixed-type inhibitor of chloroquine transport via PfCRT, further supporting the 
   281 f several genes of P. falciparum involved in chloroquine transport, apicoplast biogenesis, and phosph
   282  infected mosquito bites during prophylactic chloroquine treatment (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites 
  
   284 ria-inducing Plasmodium yoelii revealed that chloroquine treatment could lead to significant alterati
  
  
   287 ase in DR and fibrosis were attenuated after chloroquine treatment, suggesting that the autophagy-lys
  
  
  
  
   292 er impaired or hyperactive in motor neurons, chloroquine was administered to 3-mo-old G85R SOD1YFP mi
  
  
   295 , the clinically approved antimalarial agent chloroquine was shown to reduce nanoparticle uptake in m
  
   297 roquine-susceptible falciparum malaria after chloroquine was withdrawn from Malawi, a reemergence of 
  
   299 noteworthy antiviral compound identified was chloroquine, which disrupted entry and replication of tw
   300 ivity profiles comparable to artemisinin and chloroquine while acting through two distinct mechanisms
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