ライフサイエンスコーパス: cigarette

1 or stimulant in tobacco products including e-cigarettes.

2 es were rated more favorably than lower-dose cigarettes.

3 safety of pure nicotine inhalation, i.e., E-cigarettes.

4 res derived from the smoke of machine-smoked cigarettes.

5 product profiles as compared to traditional cigarettes.

6 therwise healthy humans who habitually use e-cigarettes.

7 ies that maintain the availability of budget cigarettes.

8 rovide a close simulation of smoking tobacco cigarettes.

9 se a more severe danger to human health than cigarettes.

10 gated the neural correlates of decisions for cigarettes (0-10 cigarettes) at varying levels of price

11 eshold to those representative of commercial cigarettes (0.4, 2.3, 5.2, and 15.8 mg/g of tobacco) at

12 l acutely exposed to e-cigarette aerosol and cigarette (3R4F) smoke.

13 Cigarette addiction is driven partly by the physiologica

14 primary 3D airway model acutely exposed to e-cigarette aerosol and cigarette (3R4F) smoke.

15 Two e-cigarette aerosol dilutions were tested for equivalent a

16 er nicotine delivery, an acute exposure to e-cigarette aerosol had a reduced impact on gene expressio

17 Components of e-cigarette aerosol have known pulmonary toxicity.

18 rentially expressed at the highest dose of e-cigarette aerosol using a looser threshold of pFDR < 0.0

19 We hypothesized that nicotine and e-cigarettes affect myofibroblast differentiation, gel con

20 cigars (LCs) are regulated differently than cigarettes, allowing them to be potentially targeted at

21 examination in a harmonized dataset of both cigarette and alcohol demand (N = 59) suggested common n

22 s of lower-dose cigarettes, but the 0.763-mg cigarettes and (even more so) conventional cigarettes we

23 , safer smokeless alternative to traditional cigarettes and a possible smoking cessation tool.

24 ly, long-term dual users of both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and long-term users of both

25 tes, and long-term users of both combustible cigarettes and NRT.

26 dinal studies that assessed initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking.

27 en the rapid increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes and the paucity of associated longitudinal he

28 eased frequency of SSI in patients who smoke cigarettes and to confirm that smoking is significantly

29 words to capture concepts associated with e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes in articles publis

30 Only conventional cigarettes and, to a lesser degree, 0.763-mg nicotine re

31 Participants also rated each cigarette, and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) was u

32 l users of both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and long-term users of both combustible ciga

33 correlates of decisions for cigarettes (0-10 cigarettes) at varying levels of price during a Cigarett

34 In conclusion, our data suggest that e-cigarette autofluorescence can be used as a marker of e-

35 recently turned to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) because they have been marketed as a cheaper

36 te flavors from the top selling disposable e-cigarette brands.

37 respond differently to nicotine reduction in cigarettes, but that irrespective of metabolizer status,

38 no differences between ratings of lower-dose cigarettes, but the 0.763-mg cigarettes and (even more s

39 r risk to health than traditional combustion cigarettes, but they are not innocuous.

40 Raising the price of cigarettes by increasing taxation has been associated wi

41 ation) before each block of 10 trials of the cigarette condition.

42 How the brain processes cigarette cost-benefit decision making remains largely u

43 rence for higher over lower nicotine content cigarettes could be reversed by increasing the response

44 increase in smoker's pleasantness ratings of cigarette cues.

45 participants, those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily, current marijuana users, and those who

46 .) and smoking reduction (CO <8), as well as cigarettes/day (in Study 1), were assessed daily (Monday

47 ve salience, and interoceptive processing in cigarette decision making; and add to the literature imp

48 .4] years), reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes decreased the relative reinforcing effects of

49 The use of cigarettes delivering different nicotine doses allows ev

50 The public health implications of e-cigarettes depend, in part, on whether e-cigarette use a

51 ique, we found that every 70 mL puff of an e-cigarette deposited 0.019% e-liquid (v/v) in a controlle

52 utofluorescence can be used as a marker of e-cigarette deposition.

53 The role of nicotine and e-cigarette derived nicotine on cellular functions includi

54 ed by 502 (24.0%), of whom 201 (9.6%) used e-cigarettes during the last 30 days (current users).

55 between the median-priced and minimum-priced cigarettes during this period.

56 Research indicates that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) among adolescents i

57 y smokers have recently turned to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) because they have been markete

58 Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has increased globally and

59 Due to the novelty of e-cigarettes (e-cigs) and e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids),

60 Participants were asked about their use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, traditional cigars, cigarillos

61 NRT-only use, and long-term dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette or combustible cigarette-NRT users

62 bustible cigarette-NRT, and dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette users had largely similar levels o

63 combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette, or dual combustible cigarette-NRT

64 Although electronic cigarettes (ECs) are a much less harmful alternative to

65 All e-cigarette emissions tested contained at least one aldehy

66 All cigarettes equally alleviated craving, withdrawal, and n

67 and may help explain how smokers of menthol cigarettes exhibit reduced cessation rates.

68 iles of airway apical secretions compared to cigarette-exposed HBECs.

69 We selected 24 e-cigarette flavors from the top selling disposable e-ciga

70 E-cigarette fluids (with and without nicotine) trigger mol

71 ), individuals exclusively vaping electronic cigarettes (group 2), and never-smokers (NSs) (group 3).

72 E-cigarettes heat and aerosolize the solvents propylene gl

73 associated with e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes in articles published from database inception

74 Regulations on e-cigarettes in the U.S. do not provide guidelines on the

75 a lesser degree, 0.763-mg nicotine research cigarettes increased sustained attention.

76 Nicotine and e-cigarette inhibited OXPHOS complex III accompanied by in

77 g why the quit rate among smokers of menthol cigarettes is lower than non-menthol smokers requires id

78 s (i.e., vapor plus particulate phases) of e-cigarettes is needed in order to better inform basic res

79 E-cigarettes likely represent a lower risk to health than

80 o the novelty of e-cigarettes (e-cigs) and e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids), research on their chemo-p

81 to further investigate the effects of the e-cigarette liquids (with and without nicotine) on the sam

82 vide guidelines on the chemical content of e-cigarette liquids.

83 metabolizer status, reductions to <0.763 mg/cigarette may contribute to temporary attentional defici

84 Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes may decrease their addiction potential in pop

85 Mild asthmatics who smoke cigarettes may develop unstable disease and neutrophilic

86 Self-report of baseline e-cigarette nicotine concentration of none (0 mg/mL), low

87 tte users and 19 self-identified non-tobacco cigarette, non-e-cigarette user control participants.

88 ustible cigarette-e-cigarette or combustible cigarette-NRT users (n = 36 to 37 per group; total n = 1

89 e cigarette-e-cigarette, or dual combustible cigarette-NRT users.

90 Combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-NRT, and dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarett

91 c laboratory environment, however electronic cigarettes obviate many of these issues, and provide a c

92 eded to determine the long-term effects of e-cigarettes on respiratory health.

93 icotine compared with smokers of combustible cigarettes only, but results varied.

94 ens, and toxins among smokers of combustible cigarettes only, former smokers with long-term e-cigaret

95 The e-cigarette-only and NRT-only users had significantly lowe

96 Former smokers with long-term e-cigarette-only or NRT-only use may obtain roughly simila

97 ormer smokers with long-term (>/=6 months) e-cigarette-only or NRT-only use, and long-term dual combu

98 The e-cigarette-only users had significantly lower NNAL levels

99 oups were purposively recruited: combustible cigarette-only users, former smokers with long-term (>/=

100 adiene; and ethylene oxide) than combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette,

101 Combustible cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-NRT, and dual

102 , and long-term dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette or combustible cigarette-NRT users (n = 36 to

103 ing initiation associated with ever use of e-cigarettes or past 30-day cigarette smoking associated w

104 cigarette-only, dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette, or dual combustible cigarette-NRT users.

105 He is the author of 4 books, including The Cigarette Papers and Primer of Biostatistics He is also

106 t in both ex-smokers and current smokers for cigarettes per day (P for interactionex = 6.0 x 10(-8);

107 s found between whole-brain SUV and reported cigarettes per day (P<0.05), but no significant relation

108 nction traits share association signals with cigarettes per day and former smoking, substantially gre

109 The patient had smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for 35 years; he quit 6 years ago.

110 Mice were exposed to the smoke of 5 cigarettes per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks, in a ven

111 ependence (DSM criteria), smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day, and a willingness to attempt smoking

112 ADHD symptoms with daily smoking, number of cigarettes per day, and nicotine dependence was greater

113 exposure (smoking status, smoking duration, cigarettes per day, pack-years smoked, time since smokin

114 the association of airflow obstruction with cigarettes per day, smoking duration, and pack-years did

115 nhaled by a smoker consuming 10 conventional cigarettes per day.

116 receiving ABT-436 smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per week than those receiving placebo (p=0.04

117 Smokers rated cigarette pictures as significantly more pleasant while

118 ouths alike, used multiple tobacco products; cigarettes plus e-cigarettes was the most common combina

119 ng the difference between median and minimum cigarette price by median price.

120 th reduced infant mortality, while increased cigarette price differentials were associated with highe

121 ssociations between median cigarette prices, cigarette price differentials, and infant mortality acro

122 Cigarette price increases across 23 European countries b

123 e of euro1 (US $1.18) per pack in the median cigarette price was associated with a decline of 0.23 de

124 Median cigarette prices and the differential between these and

125 Higher cigarette prices were associated with reduced infant mor

126 d the differential between these and minimum cigarette prices were obtained from Euromonitor Internat

127 To assess associations between median cigarette prices, cigarette price differentials, and inf

128 th the anticipation of drug-related rewards (cigarette puff).

129 arettes) at varying levels of price during a Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT) in male regular smokers (N

130 ssessed using concurrent choice testing, the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), and validated measures of

131 Strong e-cigarette regulation could potentially curb use among yo

132 exhibited a heightened reward positivity to cigarette rewards relative to monetary rewards, and by a

133 wo feedback tasks to gain either monetary or cigarette rewards.

134 are needed; reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes should be a policy focus.

135 regnant female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (100-150 mg/m(3)) or room air, and offsp

136 Animal model of cigarette smoke (CS) -induced chronic obstructive pulmon

137 Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and intrinsic factors such

138 ines how molecules may change in response to cigarette smoke (CS) exposure.

139 d by COPD-related stimuli, such as TGF-beta, cigarette smoke (CS), and cellular senescence.

140 To determine whether (1) cigarette smoke (CS)-induced pulmonary and renal endothe

141 t of emphysema following exposure to chronic cigarette smoke (CS).

142 rted that gestational exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS), or secondhand smoke, promoted nico

143 e of Interleukin 10 (il10)-deficient mice to cigarette smoke accelerated development of colitis and i

144 claim of correlation, the mechanism by which cigarette smoke alters normal breast epithelial cells an

145 nflammation and tissue remodeling induced by cigarette smoke and highlight another potential target t

146 This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how

147 In mice, paternal exposure to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) causes molecular defect

148 In this study, we investigated the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the characteristics

149 cells exhibit similar molecular responses to cigarette smoke condensate ex vivo and in vivo.

150 A549 cell exposure to cigarette smoke condensate increased these enhancer mark

151 Cigarette smoke exposure down-regulated FZD4 expression

152 um concentrations of 5 biomarkers related to cigarette smoke exposure.This metabolomics study shows a

153 tured with IL-17A in the presence/absence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and aeroallergens lacking

154 herefore, this study compares the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and smokeless tobacco extr

155 d the combined effects of ethanol (EtOH) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on ER stress and cell deat

156 We studied the effects of TNFalpha and cigarette smoke extract on human coronary artery endothe

157 Elevated laminar flow, TNFalpha and cigarette smoke extract synergise to induce expression o

158 extracellular proteins but was inhibited by cigarette smoke extract via oxidative disruption of acti

159 gan explant culture in vitro were exposed to cigarette smoke extract.

160 We studied the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke in Il10(-/-) and Nod2(-/-) mice, as well

161 paint products, and thinners; and secondary cigarette smoke in the home.

162 In rats fed an EtOH diet, exposure to cigarette smoke increased ER stress in acinar cells and

163 inexplicably rising and in utero exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of AA and bronchopulm

164 mental periodontitis (EP) in the presence of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI).

165 Male exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with seminal defects and w

166 ammatory mediators and oxidants derived from cigarette smoke is known to promote coronary atheroscler

167 onchial epithelial cells (HBEC) confirm that cigarette smoke not only downregulates CFTR activity but

168 The functional effects of cigarette smoke on FZD4, WNT/beta-catenin signaling, and

169 or control diet for 11 weeks and exposed to cigarette smoke or room air in an exposure chamber for 2

170 Cigarette smoke promotes cell death and features of panc

171 ducts.Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is a carcinogen in cigarette smoke that upon metabolic activation reacts wi

172 Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is a carcinogen in cigarette smoke which, after metabolic activation, can r

173 Furthermore, cigarette smoke, a leading risk factor for lung cancer,

174 Maternal cigarette smoke, including prenatal nicotinic exposure (

175 of IPF patients, and in mice with bleomycin, cigarette smoke, silica, or sepsis-induced lung injury.

176 ated in an independent validation cohort, in cigarette smoke-exposed mice, and in human bronchial epi

177 Comparable cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD mouse model wa

178 onstrated a protective role of miR-218-5p in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and COPD.

179 We define how chronic cigarette smoke-induced time-dependent epigenetic altera

180 Mmp28(-/-) mice exposed to 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke.

181 enuated by adjustment for lifetime number of cigarettes smoked and secondhand smoke exposure.

182 The mean numbers of cigarettes smoked per day at 2 weeks and 1-month were si

183 tion was associated with a greater number of cigarettes smoked per day at follow-up (adjusted rate ra

184 novel smoking cues and reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day by participants 1 month after

185 eptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), cigarettes smoked per day, lung cancer, insulin resistan

186 y intensity of smoking and vaping (number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of vaping episodes per

187 and self-perceived oral symptoms (OSs) among cigarette smokers (CSs) (group 1), individuals exclusive

188 ce imaging data from 20 moderately dependent cigarette smokers (mean age = 25 years; no history of ne

189 ain responses to external stimuli in chronic cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers, only a few s

190 Many cigarette smokers express a desire to quit smoking, but

191 as validated by comparing blood levels among cigarette smokers from the National Health and Nutrition

192 Among baseline non-past 30-day cigarette smokers who were past 30-day e-cigarette users

193 R, n = 9) or poor (PR, n = 7; including five cigarette smokers).

194 Besides accelerating adult FEV1 decline, cigarette smoking also modifies how early-life exposures

195 , being unmarried, living in the rural area, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were associated w

196 Frequency of combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use within the past 30

197 We investigated associations between cigarette smoking and incidence of basal cell carcinoma

198 The association between cigarette smoking and inflammation is well known.

199 f DNA methylation in the association between cigarette smoking and inflammation.

200 study criteria, including no current tobacco cigarette smoking and no known health problems or prescr

201 e sought to describe a microRNA signature of cigarette smoking and relate it to smoking-associated cl

202 n the frequency and intensity of combustible cigarette smoking and vaping.

203 with ever use of e-cigarettes or past 30-day cigarette smoking associated with past 30-day e-cigarett

204 s, and the pooled odds ratio for past 30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up was 4.28 (95% CI, 2.52-7.

205 e past 30-day e-cigarette users, past 30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up.

206 atus (surrogate of human papillomavirus) and cigarette smoking history (pack-years) randomly assigned

207 roduced nicotine pharmacokinetics resembling cigarette smoking in humans.

208 These combined negative effects suggest that cigarette smoking increases interleukin-18 levels throug

209 Cigarette smoking increases risk for multiple diseases.

210 associated with greater risk for subsequent cigarette smoking initiation and past 30-day cigarette s

211 ngitudinal studies reporting odds ratios for cigarette smoking initiation associated with ever use of

212 moking, the pooled odds ratio for subsequent cigarette smoking initiation was 3.62 (95% CI, 2.42-5.41

213 The pooled probabilities of cigarette smoking initiation were 30.4% for baseline eve

214 Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable mort

215 Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for many perioperativ

216 Cigarette smoking is an established environmental risk f

217 Purpose Cigarette smoking is associated with increased incidence

218 Cigarette smoking is associated with structural changes

219 Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable de

220 Cigarette smoking more than doubled HSIL risk.

221 uding diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking to cases.

222 Conclusion Cigarette smoking was associated with a reduction in sur

223 hypertension, high blood sugar, and regular cigarette smoking were rare.

224 ed non-significant when adjusted for current cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug

225 evalence of the five major HRBs-alcohol use; cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet,

226 vy drinking, treatment attendance, drug use, cigarette smoking, psychiatric symptoms, and HIV-risk be

227 sychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for cigarette smoking, the pooled odds ratio for subsequent

228 A Cox model, adjusting for pack-years of cigarette smoking, was used to calculate hazard ratios a

229 We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking-relevant nicotine inhalation during pr

230 he initiation and progression of combustible cigarette smoking.

231 characterized a novel microRNA signature of cigarette smoking.

232 limit the future population-level burden of cigarette smoking.

233 eversible airflow obstruction usually due to cigarette smoking.

234 mutagen, specifically ionizing radiation or cigarette smoking.

235 d initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking.

236 on pulmonary function decline as mediated by cigarette smoking.

237 whether e-cigarette use affects the risk of cigarette smoking.

238 OPSCC and a history of </= 10 pack-years of cigarette smoking.

239 cigarette smoking initiation and past 30-day cigarette smoking.

240 otentially offer a lower risk alternative to cigarette smoking.

241 haviors, particularly through differences in cigarette smoking; however, the association with fatal C

242 tes to the lung destruction that accompanies cigarette smoking; it simultaneously inhibits lung tumor

243 Educational level, cigarettes smoking and physical exercise were not signif

244 The electronic cigarette solvents propylene glycol and glycerol are kno

245 n aldehyde collection methods for electronic cigarettes, such as impingers and sorbent tubes containi

246 icated that LCs produced more chemicals than cigarettes, suggesting that the increased chemical load

247 he total formaldehyde produced in electronic cigarette that cannot be determined accurately by DNPH d

248 e a much less harmful alternative to tobacco cigarettes, there is concern as to whether long-term ECs

249 sideration to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes to lower nicotine addiction potential in the

250 y to delay smoking and subsequently purchase cigarettes to smoke.

251 Prior reports on e-cigarette toxin production have emphasized temperature a

252 were asked about their use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, traditional cigars, cigarillos, filtered cig

253 f e-cigarettes depend, in part, on whether e-cigarette use affects the risk of cigarette smoking.

254 TIONALE: Rates of adolescent electronic (e-) cigarette use are increasing, but there has been little

255 In the past 5 years, e-cigarette use has been increasing rapidly, particularly

256 rettes only, former smokers with long-term e-cigarette use only, former smokers with long-term nicoti

257 In this study, habitual e-cigarette use was associated with a shift in cardiac aut

258 e-Cigarette use was associated with greater risk for subse

259 Ever e-cigarette use was reported by 502 (24.0%), of whom 201 (

260 To investigate the associations of e-cigarette use with chronic bronchitis symptoms and wheez

261 uency of combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use within the past 30 days (0 days [none], 1-

262 38.1% (current hookah use) to 58.3% (ever e-cigarette use), indicating substantial false-negative ra

263 eath, hepatitis B and C seropositive status, cigarette use, diabetes, hypertension, terminal creatini

264 arette smoking associated with past 30-day e-cigarette use.

265 earch indicates that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) among adolescents is associated

266 Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use has increased globally and could potenti

267 self-identified non-tobacco cigarette, non-e-cigarette user control participants.

268 onfounders and was also observed among never-cigarette users (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11-2.59).

269 tudy including 23 self-identified habitual e-cigarette users and 19 self-identified non-tobacco cigar

270 ng initiation were 30.4% for baseline ever e-cigarette users and 7.9% for baseline never e-cigarette

271 s-sectional case-control study of habitual e-cigarette users and nonuser control individuals from 201

272 past 30-day e-cigarette vs non-past 30-day e-cigarette users at baseline.

273 Otherwise healthy habitual e-cigarette users between the ages of 21 and 45 years meet

274 oxidation, was significantly increased in e-cigarette users compared with nonuser control individual

275 = .05) were significantly increased in the e-cigarette users compared with nonuser control participan

276 mponent was significantly decreased in the e-cigarette users compared with nonuser control participan

277 Adolescent e-cigarette users had increased rates of chronic bronchiti

278 arette-NRT, and dual combustible cigarette-e-cigarette users had largely similar levels of TSNA and V

279 er, risk of bronchitic symptoms among past e-cigarette users remained elevated after adjustment for r

280 ting these inclusion criteria who were not e-cigarette users were eligible to be enrolled as control

281 3.62 (95% CI, 2.42-5.41) for ever vs never e-cigarette users, and the pooled odds ratio for past 30-d

282 day cigarette smokers who were past 30-day e-cigarette users, past 30-day cigarette smoking at follow

283 igarette users and 7.9% for baseline never e-cigarette users.

284 aldehyde concentrations of 626 mug/m(3) in e-cigarette vapor exceed the ACGIH maximum concentrations

285 st prevalent of the flavoring chemicals in e-cigarette vapor, being found in more than 60% of samples

286 on as a pathway for aldehyde generation in e-cigarette vapors.

287 s 4.28 (95% CI, 2.52-7.27) for past 30-day e-cigarette vs non-past 30-day e-cigarette users at baseli

288 s (HBECs) to air or whole tobacco smoke from cigarettes vs. LCs.

289 Addiction potential of the cigarettes was assessed using concurrent choice testing,

290 ial between median-priced and minimum-priced cigarettes was associated with an increase of 0.07 death

291 multiple tobacco products; cigarettes plus e-cigarettes was the most common combination.

292 E-cigarettes were connected to a pump drawing air for two

293 g cigarettes and (even more so) conventional cigarettes were rated more favorably than lower-dose cig

294 Use of e-cigarettes with high (vs no) nicotine concentration was

295 y provide preliminary evidence that use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations by youths

296 To evaluate whether use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations is associ

297 ant assessment of acute response to research cigarettes with nicotine content ranging from levels bel

298 nerabilities to tobacco addiction respond to cigarettes with reduced nicotine content.

299 abstinence, participants were exposed to the cigarettes with varying nicotine doses across fourteen 2

300 up) of 2015 to students who reported using e-cigarettes within the past 30 days and the nicotine conc