ライフサイエンスコーパス: ciliate

1 mpact, such as the micro- and macronuclei in ciliates).

2 quenced, giving the first genome of a marine ciliate.

3 upregulated late, when most cells were fully ciliated.

4 y motility, and airways fail to become fully ciliated.

5 odes arose after Stentor branched from other ciliates.

6 ep in the evolution of secretory granules in ciliates.

7 chanism is in fact used extensively in these ciliates.

8 ound intracellularly in Onychodromopsis-like ciliates.

9 ally regulated genome rearrangements in some ciliates.

10 Bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and ciliate (18S rRNA gene) communities were highly similar

11 estor of bilaterians was probably a benthic, ciliated acoelomate worm with a single opening into an e

12 Using primary human ciliated airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures, the only

13 pithelium, whereas the tracheal cells form a ciliated airway epithelium.

14 s (DGGE and clone libraries) to characterize ciliate and bacterial communities in these diseases.

15 consisting mostly of a lumen layer of multi-ciliated and a layer of Keratin-5-positive basal cells.

16 termediate cells, reduced proportions of SAE ciliated and basal cells, markedly abnormal SAE and alve

17 nt differentiation in vitro, generating both ciliated and goblet cell lineages.

18 H7N9) virus budded from the surfaces of both ciliated and mucin-secretory cells.

19 isted of a layered epithelium structure with ciliated and nonciliated cells on its apical surface.

20 n to noncontiguous or small clumps of apical ciliated and occasional nonciliated epithelial cells, ap

21 axis globally, but the nature of this cue in ciliated and other epithelia remains poorly understood.

22 thelium of the lung is composed of polarized ciliated and secretory cells maintained by basal stem/pr

23 asal cells, the stem/progenitor cells of the ciliated and secretory cells that are central to pulmona

24 dostratified epithelium of the lung contains ciliated and secretory luminal cells and basal stem/prog

25 n lung are lined by an epithelium made up of ciliated and secretory luminal cells and undifferentiate

26 DNA elimination occurs in unicellular ciliates and a variety of metazoans, including invertebr

27 odynamic efficiencies comparable to those of ciliates and flagellates.

28 were exposed to chemical cues from copepods, ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, respectively

29 shown to be enriched in meiotic chromatin of ciliates and nematodes.

30 l differences between ATP synthase dimers of ciliates and other eukaryotes, the formation of ATP synt

31 ases in Cyrtohymena citrina, a spirotrichean ciliate, and also biflagellate bicosoecids and cercozoan

32 ties had an increased abundance of fungi and ciliates, and decreased abundances of diatoms and cercoz

33 insects, nematodes, fungi, plants, amoebas, ciliates, and excavates spontaneously and rapidly phase-

34 tant for telomerase activity in vertebrates, ciliates, and yeast.

35 nd release a majority of their HA onto their ciliated apical surfaces to form a heavy chain hyalurona

36 Ciliates are an ancient and diverse group of microbial e

37 Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes that separate their nu

38 ed protist, Euplotes; bacterial symbionts of ciliates are still poorly known because of a lack of ext

39 Ciliates are well known for their unusual tricks of nucl

40 anding how TR, TERT, and other proteins from ciliate as well as vertebrate telomerase fit and functio

41 t in high levels of copy number variation in ciliates, as dividing daughter cells can have variable c

42 Ciliated ASI sensory neurons are required for TGF-beta-m

43 hmw is implicated in the motility of ciliated auditory sensory neurons and, in the testis, is

44 The trapezoidal ciliated band (CB) of the postgastrular sea urchin embry

45 m the stomodeal region of the oral ectoderm, ciliated band cells and cells from the endoderm/ectoderm

46 We also observe a reduction in the number of ciliated beta-cells along with misregulated ciliary/basa

47 Primary ciliated bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to 5% c

48 cumulate at the centrosome/basal body in non-ciliated, but not ciliated, cells.

49 sertion that the unusual genomic features of ciliates can result in rapid and unpredicted patterns of

50 e higher in WD-PBECs, coincident with higher ciliated cell contents, cell sloughing, and slightly com

51 induce inflammatory cytokine production and ciliated cell death in human fallopian tubes.

52 tment, while it's expression correlated with ciliated cell development and decreased along with incre

53 epithelial cell fate by inhibiting Clara and ciliated cell differentiation and activating Uchl1, a ma

54 airway epithelial cell fate, Fgf10 prevents ciliated cell differentiation and promotes basal cell di

55 mponents associated with either secretory or ciliated cell fate commitment.

56 ubsequently differentiate into secretory and ciliated cell lineages.

57 cell death, whereas H3N2 and EV-D68 induced ciliated cell loss and tissue integrity disruption.

58 e grown to goblet or normally differentiated ciliated cell phenotype at air-liquid interface in the p

59 theoretical framework to conduct a census of ciliated cell types, create structural maps, and resolve

60 re derived from mice expressing GFP from the ciliated-cell specific FOXJ1 promoter (FOXJ1:GFP).

61 nance of extremely large single cells - many ciliate cells are larger than small metazoa.

62 nd artificial long RNA templates injected in ciliate cells can guide genomic rearrangements.

63 t eventually differentiate into post-mitotic ciliated cells .

64 By contrast, Il-6 null mice regenerate fewer ciliated cells and an increased number of secretory cell

65 RVs, RSV-B, and HCoV-OC43 infected ciliated cells and caused no major cell death, whereas H

66 summarize current knowledge regarding airway ciliated cells and cilia, how they function to maintain

67 on in both cultures was restricted to apical ciliated cells and occasional nonciliated cells but not

68 oid morphogenesis and the differentiation of ciliated cells and reduces the expression of both notch

69 e human influenza viruses primarily infected ciliated cells and replicated efficiently, whereas a hig

70 n of asymmetry-called Kupffer's vesicle (KV)-ciliated cells are asymmetrically positioned along the a

71 e human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell su

72 it remained unclear how the distribution of ciliated cells becomes asymmetric during KV development.

73 ear and unambiguous evidence to suggest that ciliated cells can become goblet cells using immunoelect

74 ective ablation of CTNNB1 from the oviductal ciliated cells did not affect embryo transport, possibly

75 that govern the scattering of flagellated or ciliated cells from solid surfaces.

76 Thus, motile ciliated cells in general might use a similar cellular c

77 ngth and with a reduction of the fraction of ciliated cells in Npc1-deficient mouse brains and the hu

78 onic development and contribute to Clara and ciliated cells in the adult lung.

79 or different functions: basal, secretory and ciliated cells in the conducting airways and type II and

80 n protein is enriched in cytosolic puncta in ciliated cells in zebrafish embryos.

81 shape changes that mediate tight packing of ciliated cells into the anterior pole.

82 response leads to the death and sloughing of ciliated cells of the Fallopian tube.

83 ion and motility specifically in a subset of ciliated cells of the mouse COA (posterior notochord, PN

84 ike epithelium with basal cells and immature ciliated cells surrounded by smooth muscle and myofibrob

85 urprisingly, we also found a region of multi-ciliated cells that line the posterior dorsal pole of th

86 only assembled in terminally differentiating ciliated cells through the acentriolar pathway to trigge

87 nds on secretory cells (club and goblet) and ciliated cells to produce and transport mucus.

88 ucted an RNAi-based screen in Drosophila non-ciliated cells to test for cilium-independent loss-of-fu

89 nstrate a direct conversion of club cells to ciliated cells without proliferation, meeting a conserva

90 almost exclusively expressed in a subset of ciliated cells, a strong indicator of cilia-related func

91 KIAA0556 is expressed almost exclusively in ciliated cells, and the worm and human KIAA0556 proteins

92 rn that appeared to originate primarily with ciliated cells, but lateral spread from the base of the

93 , structural and functional abnormalities of ciliated cells, decreased number of secretoglobin (SCGB1

94 In ciliated cells, including bovine and Xenopus laevis rod

95 addition to using this homology to attach to ciliated cells, it activates human neonatal regulatory B

96 and lineage differentiation (ss-tubulin IV+ ciliated cells, MUC5AC+ goblet cells, p63 + basal cells)

97 on by smoke and alcohol was only observed in ciliated cells, not basal bronchial epithelium.

98 tube, gastrocoel roof plate, epidermal multi-ciliated cells, otic vesicles, and kidneys.

99 t CEP290 localizes to the transition zone in ciliated cells, precisely to the region of Y-linkers bet

100 the proximal region of cilia in dividing and ciliated cells, respectively.

101 ss of club cells, with a concomitant gain in ciliated cells, under homeostatic conditions without inc

102 amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which

103 (alpha2,6-linked) receptors predominated on ciliated cells, whereas avian-like (alpha2,3-linked) rec

104 ylases ccp2, ccp5, and ccp6 are expressed in ciliated cells, whereas ccp1 expression is restricted to

105 nal differentiation program and convert into ciliated cells.

106 d produce differentiated secretory cells and ciliated cells.

107 he other expresses c-myb and directly yields ciliated cells.

108 docking during the differentiation of airway ciliated cells.

109 ted view of planar polarization of the brain ciliated cells.

110 al body of primary cilia in human and murine ciliated cells.

111 e show that two PCP signals are operating in ciliated cells.

112 reas its ligand EGF is induced by smoking in ciliated cells.

113 process causes an increase in the number of ciliated cells.

114 t proteins B and C, without affecting airway ciliated cells.

115 t cell metaplasia, and the loss of Clara and ciliated cells.

116 ury, PNECs can contribute to Clara cells and ciliated cells.

117 h was previously thought to contain only non-ciliated cells.

118 d ciliary length and a reduced percentage of ciliated cells.

119 o samples of live human bronchial epithelial ciliated cells.

120 ing of ciliogenesis, and the accumulation of ciliated cells.

121 ntrosome/basal body in non-ciliated, but not ciliated, cells.

122 micronuclear and macronuclear genomes of the ciliate Chilodonella uncinata and compare the levels of

123 systems, the extensive fragmentation in some ciliate classes provides this opportunity to every MAC g

124 In some ciliate classes, chromosomes in the MAC are extensively

125 eads in the presence and absence of the soil ciliate Colpoda sp. under quiescent conditions.

126 The strong similarity in bacterial and ciliate community composition of these diseases suggests

127 ined the spatial and temporal variability of ciliate community in a subtropical estuary by rRNA and r

128 Chilodonella uncinata, like all ciliates, contains two distinct nuclei in every cell: a

129 rosine hydroxylase immunoreactive) that bore ciliated dendrites penetrating the epithelium.

130 velopment, Notch signaling occurs within the ciliated, differentiating cells of the first few supraba

131 Stentor [1, 2] is a heterotrichous ciliate distantly related to familiar ciliate models, su

132 In some ciliates, DNA from precursor segments in the MIC genome

133 component of the horizontal velocity at the ciliated edge generates a 2D fluid velocity field with a

134 The coordinated movement of the ciliated edge is represented as a continuous envelope im

135 g the micro-bead velocity measurement at the ciliated edge.

136 to the fluid at a finite distance above the ciliated edge.

137 Ciliated endings display neuron-type-specific patterns o

138 istinct, neuron-type-specific elaboration of ciliated endings of different olfactory neuron types in

139 OIG-8 protein localizes to ciliated endings of these sensory neurons, and is transc

140 se hydrocephalus or prevent the formation of ciliated ependymal cells but caused defects in their dif

141 that Prdm16 is required for the formation of ciliated ependymal cells in the lateral ventricle.

142 This and their ciliated epidermis have led some to propose relationship

143 identified a role for Lgl2 in development of ciliated epithelia in Kupffer's vesicle, which directs l

144 ed mucus along the light organ's superficial ciliated epithelia.

145 dy, we have defined such a program for multi-ciliated epithelial cells (MCCs), a cell type critical f

146 We also demonstrate that sinonasal ciliated epithelial cells express T2R14, which closely c

147 Virus replication was not observed in ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea.

148 mprising the majority of the cells, includes ciliated epithelial cells, newly identified lipophil cel

149 r by activation of phospholipase C in native ciliated epithelial cells.

150 ry response and bacterial adherence to human ciliated epithelial cultures and markedly increased viru

151 CT) can be used to investigate injury to the ciliated epithelium in a multi-contrast setting.

152 f Dvl1, Pk2 and Vangl1 in a planar polarized ciliated epithelium.

153 ol to investigate injury and regeneration in ciliated epithelium.

154 ss attention has been given to injury of the ciliated epithelium.

155 capable of infecting healthy and COPD human ciliated epithelium.

156 To define properties of a ciliated EV-releasing cell, we performed RNA-seq on 27 G

157 discoveries that unify many deeply diverged ciliate genetic systems, and a surprising evolutionary "

158 ins annotations for two completely sequenced ciliate genomes: Oxytricha trifallax and Tetrahymena the

159 ned by subtraction of the profile of the non-ciliated GFP- cells.

160 The transcriptional profile of ciliating GFP+ cells from these cultures was defined at

161 t, CaMK-II suppression results in additional ciliated hair cells and altered levels of Delta-Notch si

162 s develop patterns, they are most obvious in ciliates; hence, we have turned to a classical unicellul

163 When expressed in ciliated hTERT-RPE1 human cell line, P/rd is localized t

164 ically, we found that LZTFL1 is expressed in ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and it

165 rod photoreceptors using a transgene and in ciliated IMCD3 cells.

166 ly important clades of microbial eukaryotes, ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichi

167 The unusual genome architecture of ciliates, in particular, with its process of amitosis in

168 at the template recognition element found in ciliates is conserved in human telomerase RNA.

169 growth of Vorticella microstoma (P<0.05), a ciliate isolated from wastewater.

170 We propose a renewed effort to adopt ciliated land plants as models to investigate the mechan

171 uch coordination is achieved, we studied the ciliated larvae of Platynereis dumerilii, a marine annel

172 characterized or unknown clade even in these ciliate lineages that have a rich history of morphologic

173 Transgenic reintroduction of Ptk7 in motile ciliated lineages prevents scoliosis in ptk7 mutants, an

174 planktonic predators also have sophisticated ciliated locomotion, behaviour and distinct development.

175 er monocytes and macrophages (LysM/STAT1) or ciliated lung epithelial cells (FoxJ1/STAT1) deleted wer

176 early evolutionary events that gave rise to ciliates, malaria parasites, and coral symbionts.

177 ytes (neurosensory cells) and in statocytes (ciliated mechanosensory cells) of C. hemisphaerica, a me

178 genes in the mature MAC genome, making these ciliates model organisms to study the process of somatic

179 ichous ciliate distantly related to familiar ciliate models, such as Tetrahymena or Paramecium.

180 it rDNA (mtSSU-rDNA) of five isolates of the ciliate morphospecies Chilodonella uncinata.

181 In both WS and BrB, there were two ciliate morphotypes consistently represented in all dise

182 Four of the eleven ciliate morphotypes detected contained coral algal symbi

183 was initially identified as up-regulated in ciliating mouse tracheal epithelial cells.

184 of ARL2BP localization at the basal body in ciliated nasal epithelial cells.

185 Here, we show that pheromones sensed by ciliated neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nose alte

186 The Ciona PPE is shown to produce ciliated neurons that express genes for gonadotropin-rel

187 Gene family evolution in ciliates occurs through complex processes including gene

188 Certain ciliates of the subclass Scuticociliatia (scuticociliate

189 olfactory epithelium is mostly populated by ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and surroundin

190 amb1a functions in Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a ciliated organ analogous to the mouse node, to control t

191 c fluid flow in the evolutionarily conserved ciliated organ of asymmetry (COA) and play a fundamental

192 h cell-autonomous functions in the zebrafish ciliated organ of asymmetry, Kupffer's vesicle (KV), inc

193 s7 knockdown both disrupt the formation of a ciliated organ, the Kupffers vesicle (KV), but do not di

194 Using Kupffer's vesicle as a model ciliated organ, we found that depletion of Lgl2 disrupte

195 This can be a vital advantage for ciliated organisms and may be interesting to guide biolo

196 IFT25, however, is absent from some ciliated organisms, suggesting that it may have a unique

197 nd basal body duplication in flagellated and ciliated organisms.

198 y all the centrin-containing flagellated and ciliated organisms.

199 receptor, was highly expressed in zebrafish ciliated organs and regulated ciliary structure and func

200 In zebrafish, tuba was expressed in multiple ciliated organs, and, accordingly, tuba start and splice

201 nockout, we also observed defects in several ciliated organs, including the brain (hydrocephalus), he

202 larvae 2 (lgl2) is expressed prominently in ciliated organs.

203 cells and is associated with a reduction in ciliated, ostensibly proliferation-suppressed beta cells

204 The macronuclear genome of the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax displays an extreme and uniq

205 Here we use the single-celled ciliate, Oxytricha, as an analog to some of the genetic

206 the mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer of the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia.

207 In the ciliate Paramecium, transposable elements and their sing

208 Within a single class of ciliates, Paramecium and Tetrahymena species have long b

209 eptor protein common to both rhabdomeric and ciliated photoreceptor cells, Prominin.

210 rominin is conserved between rhabdomeric and ciliated photoreceptor cells.

211 ays paralleling retinal degeneration seen in ciliated photoreceptors.

212 r study highlights a division of labor among ciliate piggyBac-derived genes, which carry out mutually

213 almost all colpodean and oligohymenophorean ciliates, probably facilitating the extended survival of

214 We used the ciliate protist Tetrahymena thermophila to gain a better

215 First, it is hosted by a ciliated protist, Euplotes; bacterial symbionts of cilia

216 Yet, some ciliated protists do not have IFT components and, like s

217 Ciliated protists exhibit nuclear dimorphism through the

218 Moreover, various ciliated protists lack TZ components, whereas Drosophila

219 We conclude that dietary monensin inhibits ciliate protozoa that feed on EcO157.

220 ther symplectic or antiplectic metachrony of ciliate protozoa, can be achieved with single microswimm

221 ers has been reported in several free-living ciliate protozoa.

222 Ciliated protozoa are peculiar for their nuclear dimorph

223 zoal grazing due to the higher inhibition of ciliated protozoa as compared to bacteria when exposed t

224 Genome duality in ciliated protozoa offers a unique system to showcase the

225 The ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contains two t

226 a (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) as a prey and ciliated protozoan (Paramecium caudatum) as a predator o

227 otably, unlike the heart-shaped structure of ciliated protozoan Oxytricha nova TEBPalpha-beta complex

228 ciated with the photoreceptor protein of the ciliated protozoan Stentor coeruleus (Heterotrichea; Ste

229 The giant ciliated protozoan Stentor coeruleus is re-emerging as a

230 process of programmed DNA elimination in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena Here, we show that the he

231 to detect and semi-quantify these NPs in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila as a model aq

232 ptionally active somatic macronucleus in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila.

233 l RNAs during the sexual reproduction of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena.

234 , its presence in Tetrahymena thermophila, a ciliated protozoan with seven sexes or mating types that

235 Ciliated protozoans perform extreme forms of programmed

236 In ciliated protozoans, small RNAs (sRNAs) are integral to

237 In ciliated protozoans, small-RNA-mediated comparison of th

238 interactions were only evident at sites with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

239 t infiltration than everolimus and preserved ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epitheliu

240 ensitive to light has been the presence of a ciliated putative sensory cell in the close vicinity of

241 Here, we confirmed the presence of a ciliated region near the Eustachian tube orifice at the

242 Human ciliated respiratory epithelial cell cultures were infec

243 Viral antigens were localized to ciliated respiratory epithelium and cells of submucosal

244 c obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) human ciliated respiratory epithelium was determined.

245 It specializes in infection of the ciliated respiratory epithelium, causing disease of vari

246 transcript expression in testis compared to ciliated respiratory epithelium.

247 Experiments on a single-celled ciliate reveal how mobile genetic elements can shape a g

248 Four bacterial and nine ciliate ribotypes were observed in both diseases, but ab

249 Clara cells are non-ciliated, secretory bronchiolar epithelial cells that se

250 and that, in Drosophila, hmw is expressed in ciliated sensory neurons and spermatozoa.

251 the epidermis, intestine, body wall muscle, ciliated sensory neurons and touch receptor neurons - wh

252 lution transcriptome profile of a subtype of ciliated sensory neurons isolated from adult animals rev

253 for the undulation propagation and that the ciliated sensory neurons participated in the joint selec

254 w here that specific Caenorhabdidits elegans ciliated sensory neurons shed and release ECVs containin

255 In ciliates, small RNAs have been shown to target foreign s

256 OFIP protein, whose sequence is conserved in ciliated species, associates with centrosome/centriole a

257 d these proteins are highly conserved across ciliated species.

258 s the standard genetic code, suggesting that ciliate-specific genetic codes arose after Stentor branc

259 We observe ciliate-specific modifications of widely conserved amino

260 amazing regenerative abilities of the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus made it a favorite subject for

261 lassical unicellular model system, the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus.

262 at a transient left-right organizer (LRO), a ciliated structure where cilia play a crucial role in br

263 verlapping domains at the apical membrane of ciliated surface cells.

264 Ciliated surfaces harbouring synchronously beating cilia

265 naive mice and were observed on their apical ciliated surfaces.

266 rity in secondary structure to vertebrate or ciliate TERs.

267 c triterpenoid lipid first discovered in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis whose potential diageneti

268 the conserved ciliary protein FAP206 in the ciliate Tetrahymena resulted in slow cell motility.

269 licated experimentation on the spread of the ciliate Tetrahymena sp. in linear landscapes, that infor

270 The model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila removes 34% of its germl

271 In the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, the telomerase holoenzy

272 In the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, we identified TXR1, enc

273 ysts, secretory granule-like vesicles in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

274 of eight RNase T2 genes (RNT2A-RNT2H) in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

275 in vitro and in vivo nucleosome maps for the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

276 and additional findings indicate that in the ciliate Tetrahymena, telomerase recruitment to telomeres

277 Here we show that in the SC-less ciliate Tetrahymena, Zhp3 (a protein distantly related t

278 diversity, which we apply to swimming of the ciliate Tetrahymena.

279 dentification of TE-related sequences in the ciliate Tetrahymena.

280 We have found that free-living ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium lost the eukaryotic

281 As a ciliate, Tetrahymena separates its germline and soma int

282 re present an extraordinary find of a fossil ciliate that is encased inside the wall layer of a more

283 have provided insight into the phylogeny of ciliates, the few studies assessing intraspecific variat

284 ins mediate self/nonself recognition in both ciliates, the mechanisms of mating type determination di

285 s, and cilia motility is lost in a number of ciliated tissues along with a reduction in the number of

286 x2 in Xenopus is expressed preferentially in ciliated tissues, including neural tube, gastrocoel roof

287 ex members are primarily expressed in motile ciliated tissues, suggesting a conserved function in mam

288 P3 are highly regulated proteins confined to ciliated tissues.

289 tionally activated during PCP acquisition in ciliated tissues.

290 tial engagement of microbial symbionts along ciliated tissues.

291 of tRNA halves in cell extract suggest that ciliate tRNA halves are degradation intermediates in an

292 o and in vitro yielded basal, goblet, Clara, ciliated, type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.

293 ep290(ko/ko) mice lack connecting cilia, and ciliated ventricular ependyma fails to mature.

294 millisecond stalk contraction of the sessile ciliate Vorticella convallaria is powered by energy from

295 Stat3 inhibitors reduced, the generation of ciliated vs. secretory cells from basal cells.

296 Pathogenic ciliates were associated only with WS and not YBD lesion

297 during amitosis in Chilodonella uncinata, a ciliate with gene-size macronuclear chromosomes.

298 otrichs, and might exist in other classes of ciliates with heavily fragmented MAC chromosomes.

299 Comparison to other ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear

300 Peritrichs are a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution.