ライフサイエンスコーパス: ciliates

1 mpact, such as the micro- and macronuclei in ciliates).

2 odes arose after Stentor branched from other ciliates.

3 nscrambling, in the genome of stichotrichous ciliates.

4 etic code has changed in several lineages of ciliates.

5 ell type, which is capable of ingesting prey ciliates.

6 eins that coat the surface of hymenostomatid ciliates.

7 ngth during the evolution of four oxytrichid ciliates.

8 size to the full-length telomerase RNAs from ciliates.

9 ep in the evolution of secretory granules in ciliates.

10 ound intracellularly in Onychodromopsis-like ciliates.

11 chanism is in fact used extensively in these ciliates.

12 ms as diverse as fungi, animals, plants, and ciliates.

13 lutionally conserved between vertebrates and ciliates.

14 as colonies are consumed by copepods but not ciliates.

15 s are surprisingly common in some species of ciliates.

16 ally regulated genome rearrangements in some ciliates.

17 e allosteric regulation first appears in the Ciliates.

18 le variation in chromosomal processing among ciliates.

19 istantly related organisms such as yeast and ciliates.

20 ymena thermophila is the best studied of the ciliates, a diversified and successful lineage of eukary

21 t in animals, plants, trypanosomes, Giardia, ciliates, alga, and slime molds [3-8].

22 ngle-domain heme proteins found in bacteria, ciliates, algae and plants.

23 Because ciliates also are distant relatives of vertebrates, fung

24 DNA elimination occurs in unicellular ciliates and a variety of metazoans, including invertebr

25 to the Alveolata, a group that also includes ciliates and dinoflagellates.

26 oacidin in several lower organisms including ciliates and flagellates suggest the protein plays a rol

27 odynamic efficiencies comparable to those of ciliates and flagellates.

28 were exposed to chemical cues from copepods, ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, respectively

29 In yeast, ciliates and mammals, the G-rich strand of the telomere

30 oflagellates and apicomplexan parasites from ciliates and may have accompanied the acquisition of pla

31 shown to be enriched in meiotic chromatin of ciliates and nematodes.

32 onment (bioconcentration) was limited in the ciliates and no quantum dot enrichment (biomagnification

33 ging plastid-lacking chromalveolates such as ciliates and oomycetes would be explained by plastid los

34 l differences between ATP synthase dimers of ciliates and other eukaryotes, the formation of ATP synt

35 or the existence of IESs in phyllopharyngean ciliates and suggest that IES processing in C. uncinata

36 for studying interactions between parasitic ciliates and their vertebrate hosts.

37 ate the changes in organelle function in the Ciliates and then later used to link amino acid cataboli

38 ans who were interested in the locomotion of ciliates and who considered the undulations of the envel

39 ties had an increased abundance of fungi and ciliates, and decreased abundances of diatoms and cercoz

40 insects, nematodes, fungi, plants, amoebas, ciliates, and excavates spontaneously and rapidly phase-

41 he telomerase holoenzyme described in yeast, ciliates, and humans.

42 tant for telomerase activity in vertebrates, ciliates, and yeast.

43 tophytes, and stramenopiles) and alveolates (ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates) share a co

44 Ciliates are a group of microbial eukaryotes defined by

45 Ciliates are among the very few eukaryotes in which the

46 Ciliates are an ancient and diverse group of microbial e

47 ear DNA molecules of a group of hypotrichous ciliates are anomalous in composition, consisting of 61%

48 mber and position in the beta-TP genes among ciliates are in sharp contrast to the stability of the i

49 onuclear versions of genes in stichotrichous ciliates are interrupted by multiple, short, non-coding

50 rmline (micronuclear) genome of hypotrichous ciliates are interrupted by multiple, short, non-coding,

51 rm-line (micronuclear) genes in hypotrichous ciliates are interrupted by numerous, short, noncoding,

52 Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes that separate their nu

53 nts with those in animals, in plants, and in ciliates are remarkable because these distinct histone H

54 ed protist, Euplotes; bacterial symbionts of ciliates are still poorly known because of a lack of ext

55 Ciliates are well known for their unusual tricks of nucl

56 ddress the purported asexuality in colpodean ciliates as an exemplary lineage.

57 A prominent group of granule proteins, in ciliates as well as in vertebrate neuronal and endocrine

58 t in high levels of copy number variation in ciliates, as dividing daughter cells can have variable c

59 We sequenced eRF1 from four ciliates: B. americanum, a heterotrich that independentl

60 In ciliates, both mechanisms are readily observed.

61 Single cells are consumed by ciliates but not copepods, whereas colonies are consumed

62 elopment of left-right asymmetry not only in ciliates, but perhaps also in development of left-right

63 t underlie membrane trafficking processes in ciliates, calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protei

64 sertion that the unusual genomic features of ciliates can result in rapid and unpredicted patterns of

65 We discuss the potential usefulness of the ciliates' characteristic nuclear duality for further ana

66 cronucleus from the germline micronucleus in ciliates, chromosome rearrangements occur in which speci

67 A characteristic feature of ciliates (ciliated protozoans) is their nuclear dimorphi

68 ses from a wide variety of algae, as well as ciliates (close relatives of apicomplexa), to determine

69 Chilodonella uncinata, like all ciliates, contains two distinct nuclei in every cell: a

70 from other budding yeasts, vertebrates, and ciliates, define a minimal universal core for telomerase

71 In some ciliates, DNA from precursor segments in the MIC genome

72 he likely scenarios for algal-gene origin in ciliates either via multiple rounds of horizontal gene t

73 In contrast, chemical cues from grazing ciliates enhance colony formation by >25%, a response th

74 m the peroxisomes to the mitochondria as the Ciliates evolved away from plants, fungi, and other prot

75 In plants, fission yeast, ciliates, flies and mammalian cells, short interfering R

76 ebae, calonymphids, chlorophyte green algae, ciliates, foraminifera).

77 y of soil organisms, including other amebas, ciliates, fungi, and nematodes, as contaminants.

78 , a response that should be adaptive because ciliates grow three times faster when fed solitary cells

79 Ciliates have long provided model systems to study pheno

80 Such base triples in ciliates have not been previously reported.

81 Studies from budding yeast and ciliates have suggested that telomerase extension of tel

82 Ciliates have two types of nuclei: a germ line micronucl

83 s develop patterns, they are most obvious in ciliates; hence, we have turned to a classical unicellul

84 ly important clades of microbial eukaryotes, ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichi

85 The unusual genome architecture of ciliates, in particular, with its process of amitosis in

86 In some ciliates including Oxytricha, the macronuclear genome is

87 In binuclear ciliates, including Tetrahymena thermophila, DNA elimina

88 reveals numerous genetic code alterations in ciliates, including UGA --> tryptophan in Blepharisma am

89 Macronuclear development in ciliates is characterized by extensive rearrangement of

90 at the template recognition element found in ciliates is conserved in human telomerase RNA.

91 When the antenna from the Ciliates is spliced onto human GDH, it was found to full

92 he insertions--which we find in apicomplexa, ciliates, land plants, and charophyte green algae--direc

93 many eukaryotes but are most exaggerated in ciliates, making them ideal model systems for epigenetic

94 early evolutionary events that gave rise to ciliates, malaria parasites, and coral symbionts.

95 genes in the mature MAC genome, making these ciliates model organisms to study the process of somatic

96 Gene family evolution in ciliates occurs through complex processes including gene

97 Ciliates of Euplotes species constitutively secrete plei

98 programmed +1 translational frameshifting in ciliates of the Euplotes genus.

99 Certain ciliates of the subclass Scuticociliatia (scuticociliate

100 protect the macronuclear telomeres from the ciliates Oxytricha and Euplotes.

101 Within a single class of ciliates, Paramecium and Tetrahymena species have long b

102 he IESs in C. uncinata with those of 'model' ciliates-Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Euplotes, Oxytricha an

103 almost all colpodean and oligohymenophorean ciliates, probably facilitating the extended survival of

104 nes scrambled in as many as 51 pieces, these ciliates rely on sequence and structural cues to rebuild

105 process of gene unscrambling in hypotrichous ciliates represents one of nature's ingenious solutions

106 ly involve heterotrophic protists, including ciliates, Rhizaria (amoebae, foraminifera, radiolaria) a

107 germ line and soma into distinct cell types, ciliates separate germ line and soma into two distinct n

108 Despite the fact that all ciliates share similar forms of DNA rearrangement, there

109 This DNA elimination pathway in ciliates shares extensive similarity with piRNA-mediated

110 In ciliates, small RNAs have been shown to target foreign s

111 data are consistent with the hypothesis that ciliates such as T.thermophila utilize a Rad51-dependent

112 In ciliates such as Tetrahymena thermophila, the resulting

113 explain DNA rearrangements in some groups of ciliates, such as Stylonychia or Oxytricha, where extens

114 o a family of kinases shared with plants and ciliates, suggesting that related CDPKs may have a funct

115 y definition elements in mammals, yeast, and ciliates suggests diverse mechanisms for template bounda

116 We have found that free-living ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium lost the eukaryotic

117 16 proteins of possible algal origin in the ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium tetraurelia.

118 In the stichotrichous group of ciliates the organization of DNA in the MIC is dramatica

119 have provided insight into the phylogeny of ciliates, the few studies assessing intraspecific variat

120 n the germline micronucleus of spirotrichous ciliates, the gene segments, or macronuclear destined se

121 ins mediate self/nonself recognition in both ciliates, the mechanisms of mating type determination di

122 emove internal segments of DNA, and, in some ciliates, the reordering of scrambled gene segments.

123 ic G-rich overhangs are precisely defined in ciliates; the length and the terminal nucleotides are fi

124 rocess, which we call MDS shuffling, enables ciliates to generate novel genetic material and gene pro

125 of heterochromatin in organisms ranging from ciliates to humans and provide further evidence that HP1

126 tionary consequences of viable mechanisms in ciliates to transmit acquired characters may create an a

127 protein enzyme in organisms ranging from the ciliates to yeast to humans.

128 rast to all other non-plant eukaryotes (from ciliates to yeast to sea urchins to mammals) where sperm

129 Some species of ciliates undergo massive DNA elimination and genome rear

130 In a process similar to exon splicing, ciliates use DNA splicing to produce a new somatic macro

131 We propose that ciliates used a large number of NRK paralogues to differ

132 In ciliates, variable surface protein genes encoding the im

133 s (IESs) and gene scrambling in hypotrichous ciliates we determined the structure of the micronuclear

134 st the idea of a photosynthetic ancestry for ciliates, we used the 27,446 predicted proteins from the

135 Pathogenic ciliates were associated only with WS and not YBD lesion

136 ion at microtubule-rich structures unique to ciliates, whereas the fourth is not expressed under cond

137 otrichs, and might exist in other classes of ciliates with heavily fragmented MAC chromosomes.

138 Comparison to other ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear

139 Distantly related ciliates with similar codes show characteristic changes

140 Peritrichs are a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution.

141 study raises the possibility that taxa like ciliates, with only female meiosis, may therefore underg

142 don reassignment is surprisingly frequent in ciliates, with UGA --> tryptophan occurring twice indepe

143 size and sequence between telomerase RNAs of ciliates, yeasts, and mammals.