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2 10%, pH 7.2), phosphoric acid (37%, pH <1), citric acid (10%, pH 1.5), and polyacrylic acid (25%, pH
4 mal group included glycine betaine (9-fold), citric acid (2.8-fold), kynurenic acid (1.8-fold), gluco
6 cording to the time of demineralization with citric acid (50%, pH 1): 15, 30, 90, and 180 seconds and
7 we investigated the retention mechanisms of citric acid (CA) in kaolinite-Fe(III)-CA systems with va
8 e juice (PJ, replacing water as solvent) and citric acid (CA) on properties of pectin films was studi
11 In all samples, four OAs [malic acid (MA), citric acid (CA), succinic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OX
12 to as C-dots, by following the pyrolysis of citric acid (CA)-ethanolamine (EA) precursor at differen
14 ley straw was thermochemically modified with citric acid (CA-BS) for the purpose of improving the Cu(
17 ugar content, and molar mass and compared to citric acid (pH 2.5, 2h at 80 degrees C) extracted polym
18 iceptors, and (iii) injection of intradermal citric acid (pH 3.0) into the nape induced a pruritogen-
19 astants: sucrose (sweet), caffeine (bitter), citric acid (sour), sodium chloride (salty) and monosodi
20 reduction in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, the citric acid (TCA) cycle as well as the amino acids pools
22 ate flux through glycolysis, beta-oxidation, citric acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (
23 olloids that were extracted, using either 1% citric acid (THC) or water (THW), had a good foaming cap
24 and Otomi bean coats were extracted in water-citric acid 2% (1/50, w/v), stirring for 4h at 40 degree
25 sing macroscopic and molecular-based probes, citric acid adsorption and nanoparticle interactions are
26 er an antiviral hand treatment containing 2% citric acid and 2% malic acid in 62% ethanol (n = 116) o
27 containing 0.5% m/v herbal powder, 0.1% m/v citric acid and 2% v/v HCl was injected into the VG-ICP-
28 L-leucine, glucose, fructose, myo-inositol, citric acid and 2, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid).Two QTL mapp
31 in a silica nanofluidic channel filled with citric acid and disodium phosphate buffers is investigat
35 alkaline starch suspension was charged with citric acid and incubated for different durations (0, 8.
36 However, in the malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and lactic acid solutions, any coloration wa
38 acid showed competitive inhibition, whereas, citric acid and sodium azide showed mixed inhibition of
40 t combines microbially based leaching (using citric acid and spent fungal supernatant) with electroch
41 rimetry, we demonstrate that upon cooling of citric acid and sucrose solutions a fast freezing proces
44 her than equivalent materials prepared using citric acid as a structure-directing agent, and electric
46 r consumption, and calcium, tannic acid, and citric acid as additives were evaluated to determine if
48 t yield of pectin (7.62%) was obtained using citric acid at pH 2.5 [1:25 (w/v)] at 95 degrees C for 3
49 was extracted from cocoa husks using water, citric acid at pH 2.5 or 4.0, or hydrochloric acid at pH
50 able acidity changed between 2.6 and 2.8g/L, citric acid between 2.3 and 2.8 g/L, l-malic acid in a r
52 s in two steps: stereospecific activation of citric acid by adenylation, followed by attack of the en
54 The swallowing reflexes evoked by laryngeal citric acid challenges were abolished by recurrent laryn
55 se melons contain almost twice the amount of citric acid compared to standard melons and are describe
56 ment, or a solution containing the malic and citric acid components of the juice, was ineffective.
61 However, in peptic fluid, NLC loading and citric acid crosslinking brought about much higher decre
63 flux through lactate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle (as inferred by flux through pyruvate
66 Yet some tumours harbour mutations in the citric acid cycle (CAC) or electron transport chain (ETC
67 adenine dinucleotide metabolism and altered citric acid cycle activity, but not with disease-specifi
69 e bifunctional proteins that function in the citric acid cycle and act as posttranscriptional regulat
71 xes, resulting in diminished capacity of the citric acid cycle and disruption of energy metabolism.
73 ically block key steps of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and monitor the effect on RpoS degrada
74 (13)C MFA studies have identified increased citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway fluxes a
75 The root of this tree combines the reductive citric acid cycle and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway into a
76 ular, the balance between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle appears as a determinant/indicator of
78 at glycogen production from the level of the citric acid cycle did not occur and that the glycerol co
79 ts suggest that the novel cross-talk between citric acid cycle enzymes and electron transfer chain co
81 ose and glycerol that had passed through the citric acid cycle first increased in fasted animals from
82 ed PPARalpha(-/-) mice suggested compromised citric acid cycle flux, enhanced urea cycle activity, an
84 boxylation pathway travels in reverse of the citric acid cycle from alpha-ketoglutarate to citrate.
85 ansporter gene in the order Lactobacillales, citric acid cycle genes in Burkholderiales or molybdenum
91 se tissue, suggesting that signaling by this citric acid cycle intermediate may regulate energy homeo
92 By highlighting three receptor families-(a) citric acid cycle intermediate receptors, (b) purinergic
94 We show that selective accumulation of the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate is a universal
95 n was obtained from the labeling patterns of citric acid cycle intermediates and related compounds.
96 verall, our data show that gluconeogenic and citric acid cycle intermediates cannot be considered as
98 oxyacetone phosphate); and (iii) labeling of citric acid cycle intermediates in tissue versus effluen
100 e pathway involves synthesis of PEP from the citric acid cycle intermediates via PEP carboxykinase, w
102 erosis, the net synthesis in mitochondria of citric acid cycle intermediates, and cataplerosis, their
104 of gluconeogenic carbon leaves the liver as citric acid cycle intermediates, mostly alpha-ketoglutar
108 of metabolites of liver gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle labeled from NaH(13)CO(3) or dimethyl
109 we report that glutamine-dependent oxidative citric acid cycle metabolism is required to generate fum
110 anism for the order Corynebacteriales, whose citric acid cycle occupies a central position in energy
111 t evidence for metabolism of glycerol in the citric acid cycle or the PPP but not an influence of eit
112 s the main catalyst for this reaction in the citric acid cycle outside the retina, and that the retin
113 ted that one third of glutamine entering the citric acid cycle travels to citrate via reductive carbo
115 he glycerol contribution to oxidation in the citric acid cycle was negligible in the presence of alte
116 ast, genes related to beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle were relatively overexpressed in adipo
117 alpha-ketoglutaric acid (all members of the citric acid cycle) have not been identified in extraterr
118 ylase (Calvin cycle), citrate lyase (reverse citric acid cycle), and malyl coenzyme A lyase (3-hydrox
119 dition to its role as an intermediary of the citric acid cycle, acts as an alarmin, initiating and pr
120 Pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid
121 owever, glycerol may also be oxidized in the citric acid cycle, and glycogen synthesis from glycerol
123 ical model of the mitochondria including the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain and ROS prod
124 lls, including the electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid synt
125 e phosphate pathway (PPP), metabolism in the citric acid cycle, incomplete equilibration by triose ph
127 oxygen, but it also plays a key role in the citric acid cycle, ketone metabolism, and heme synthesis
128 to enhance aerobic glycolysis coupled to the citric acid cycle, mitochondrial respiration and ATP gen
129 of several metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle, polyamine, and fatty acid metabolism.
131 there is robust oxidation of glucose in the citric acid cycle, yet glucose contributes less than 50%
132 regulation of in vivo glucose-producing and citric acid cycle-related fluxes during an acute bout of
148 ll-dissolved alkaline starch suspension with citric acid decreased at first both the flow index and c
149 montmorillonite K10 as a catalyst in aqueous citric acid delivers the products of an aza-Diels-Alder
152 he protection of the three solutions against citric acid enamel erosion, enamel specimens were immers
154 d characterize MATE transporters involved in citric acid export, Al(3+) tolerance and Fe translocatio
155 Conditioning by EDTA, phosphoric acid, and citric acid exposed growth factors on dentine and trigge
161 e that contained higher levels of pectin and citric acid gave better results in the preservation of t
164 plantitis-affected surface conditioning with citric acid improves NHA-blended clot adhesion to titani
165 e prepared by straightforward thermolysis of citric acid in a simple one-pot, multigram synthesis and
166 tents of total phenolics, phenolic acids and citric acid in the autumn and low contents in the spring
170 d peroxidation observations show that Cu and citric acid increased membrane damage, while EDTA and DT
171 ated to increase synthesis of malic acid and citric acid involvement in nickel hyperaccumulation.
173 In both soils, treatment with the tribasic citric acid led to a greater increase in soil solution P
175 eterminations were performed using palladium+citric acid modifier and applying a pyrolysis temperatur
176 oyed to investigate how epimerization of the citric acid moiety or imide formation influence its func
178 rch was to evaluate the effect of stevia and citric acid on the stability of phenolic compounds, anti
179 both the details of the surface chemistry of citric acid on TiO(2), including measurements of surface
181 The subsequent crosslinking of proteins by citric acid or CaCl2 resulted in the formation of cold-s
185 copy of extracted and native WSF showed that citric acid remained partially associated to the extract
186 we found that legiobactin is composed of two citric acid residues linked by a putrescine bridge and t
187 using a one-step hydrothermal reaction, with citric acid serving as the carbon source and ethylene di
189 imide analogous to the imide forms of other citric acid siderophores that are often observed when th
194 wo NIS synthetases condense two molecules of citric acid to d-ornithine in a stepwise ordered process
195 ester/exclude Cu/nano-Cu; down-regulation of citric acid to reduce the mobilization of Cu ions; ascor
199 ete recovery of sulforaphane, malic acid and citric acid was achieved, where total phenolic content a
200 localized overgrowth of Au was observed when citric acid was used as the reducing agent, producing Pd
204 ble selectivity for CBZ against ascorbic and citric acid which are the main compounds of the orange j
205 as been shown to enantioselectively esterify citric acid with l-serine in the first committed step of
207 ew paracrine mediator, the mitochondrial the citric acid(TCA) cycle intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate
208 line food ingredients (including glucose and citric acid) are capable of forming crystal hydrate stru
210 ; bentonite: activated clay: celite=3:4:1+1% citric acid) on the physico-chemical changes of oil used
211 two buffer systems (based on acetic acid vs citric acid) revealed differences in mAb aggregation und
212 thylammonium bromide) and a chelating agent (citric acid), for the generation of a mesoMOF containing
213 pproximately 500 fmol limit of detection for citric acid), improvements in sensitivity will increase
214 nds (metal = thulium) and six REEs (ligand = citric acid), indicating that this could be a common fea
217 were burnished with 0.12% chlorhexidine, 20% citric acid, 24% EDTA/1.5% NaOCl, or sterile saline and
218 ivided as low dose (sodium nitrite, 3%, with citric acid, 4.5%, creams applied twice daily), middle d
219 aily), middle dose (sodium nitrite, 6%, with citric acid, 9%, creams applied once daily at night, wit
223 esized from biocompatible monomers including citric acid, aliphatic diols, and various amino acids vi
224 of the food ingredients alpha-d-glucose and citric acid, along with sodium sulfate, were produced us
225 Tastants (0.1 m NaCl, 0.1 m sucrose, 0.01 m citric acid, and 0.0001 m quinine) were delivered for fi
226 nderwent cough reflex sensitivity testing to citric acid, and 66 patients underwent gastroscopy.
227 nee River humic acid, fulvic acid, alginate, citric acid, and carboxymethyl cellulose greatly enhance
229 carotene, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and their combinations, on the lipid oxidat
230 s variables (percentage of sugar, pectin and citric acid, and time of thermal treatment) on the volat
231 of mixtures of three pure analytes, namely, citric acid, D-(-)fructose, and alpha-lactose monohydrat
233 olites, pyruvate, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid,
236 RH-temperature phase diagrams of glucose and citric acid, information which is beneficial for selecti
237 unds such as pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid
238 merization of the rice starches treated with citric acid, lactic acid or acetic acid were significant
241 high potassium citrate content, rather than citric acid, may be more effective in reducing stone ris
242 g treatments and addition of PPO inhibitors (citric acid, oxalic acid, and sodium borate) to aqueous
243 rot anthocyanin (0.025%) in model beverages (citric acid, pH 3.0) containing l-ascorbic acid (0.050%)
244 ) in model beverages (0.05% l-ascorbic acid, citric acid, pH 3.0) stored at elevated temperature (40
245 -17) m(2).s(-1)) in viscous organic liquids (citric acid, sucrose, and shikimic acid) and inorganic g
246 ents present in the beverage (ascorbic acid, citric acid, sucrose, aromas, strawberry juice, and extr
249 reducing agents, namely, L-ascorbic acid and citric acid, were utilized for the reduction of HAuCl(4)
250 e and continued leaching of REEs by recycled citric acid, with up to 392 mg of Nd L(-1) and 281 mg of
251 ydroxyapatite (NHA) blended clot adhesion to citric acid-conditioned peri-implantitis-affected surfac
252 r work thus reveals a novel subunit of a key citric acid-cycle enzyme and shows how this large comple
254 d the vagal reflex behaviour, exemplified by citric acid-induced coughing, was significantly suppress
265 We investigated whether the addition of a citric acid/trisodium citrate (CA/TSC) mixture before ex
266 way as in G5 plus surface conditioning using citric acid; and group 8 (G8) samples were treated in th
267 ed with MHA after surface conditioning using citric acid; group 4 (G4) samples were treated in the sa
268 sed of organic (acetic, oxalic, succinic, or citric) acid/monovalent inorganic salt mixtures was asse
272 oxylic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, and citric acids), BrO3(-) formation varies, depending on it
273 mainly SiO2 nanospheres, H2O2, and malic and citric acids, which are different from previous CMP slur
274 he determination of gluconic, oxalic, malic, citric and fumaric acids were obtained with only a simpl
275 s) and organic acids (oxalic, quinic, malic, citric and fumaric acids) that showed antioxidant and an
276 rong positive correlation for Mabonde UBF in citric and lactic acid pretreatment (r = 0.999, p < 0.01
277 y-products showed a high content in glucose, citric and linoleic acids, tocopherols, and isorhamnetin
279 ammetry to quantify organic acids (ascorbic, citric and malic acids) in simple (SS) and binary soluti
280 s in sugars, principal organic acids (mainly citric and malic) and ethanol contents of pulp specimens
281 ass P and respiration at increasing doses of citric and oxalic acid in two different soils with contr
284 nthocyanin ratios, oxalic, shikimic, lactic, citric and succinic acids, sugars like glucose, amino ac
286 obtained with the enzyme KMPG are richer in citric, balsamic, spicy and above all floral (violet and
290 ixed with carboxylic acids (adipic, azelaic, citric, glutaric, malonic, pimelic, suberic, and succini
291 wine-tasters and was characterised by fresh, citric, green apple, fruity and tropical fruit aroma des
292 nic acids: lactic, acetic, formic, malic and citric in commercial "unrefined" brown cane sugars and i
293 emical species were then identified such as: citric (m/z 191), galacturonic (m/z 193), gluconic (m/z
294 roduction from glycerol of succinic, acetic, citric, malic and oxalic acids from C. oleophila and W.
299 d profiles of these strains comprise acetic, citric, succinic and malic acids that qualitatively and
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