ライフサイエンスコーパス: clathrate

1 cient, hydrogen-encapsulated, type I silicon clathrate.

2 rphous clathrate transforms into crystalline clathrate.

3 drophobic solutes, matching those in ice and clathrates.

4 f low (13)C is rapidly released from methane clathrates.

5 nsive structural ordering resembling that in clathrates.

6 tres of the surface, or the decomposition of clathrates.

7 te and the proposed speciation in the liquid clathrates.

8 and sI crystalline nuclei yield crystalline clathrates.

9 s that affect the crystallization pathway of clathrates.

10 as an intermediate in the crystallization of clathrates.

11 n addition, 6-fold (C6) benzene rotations in clathrate 1A were found to be directly correlated to the

12 Pseudopolymorphic crystals of a benzene clathrate (1A) and a desolvated form (1B) were analyzed

13 h phases were determined: 9 +/- 1 GPa for Xe clathrate A with structure I (cubic, a = 11.595 +/- 0.00

14 tudied the formation of methane and hydrogen clathrates, a group of inclusion compounds consisting of

15 osed of the pentagonal dodecahedra common to clathrates along with a unique 22-vertex polyhedron with

16 14.6 kcal/mol were estimated for the benzene clathrate and desolvated samples, respectively.

17 namics of the phenylene group in the benzene clathrate and in desolvated samples were characterized i

18 uid phase, and in parameter space neighbours clathrates and other tetrahedrally bonded crystals.

19 ng indices for the three methylcyclohexanone clathrates and their respective desolvation onset temper

20 could amorphous nuclei grow into crystalline clathrates and, second, whether amorphous nuclei are int

21 ture were remarkably similar to those in the clathrate, and both are among the fastest known for phen

22 the nucleus on the subsequent growth of the clathrates, and found that both amorphous and sI crystal

23 ation, eventually forming a layer of methane clathrate approximately 100 km thick within the ice mant

24 er long edge, 177-nanometer short edge) into clathrate architectures.

25 y averaged Raman spectra of H(2) in hydrogen clathrate are calculated by quantum-mechanical calculati

26 Three-dimensional (3D) gas clathrates are ice-like but distinguished from bulk ices

27 innovative experiments for synthesizing the clathrate as a hydrogen storage medium.

28 1.2 A(3) at 1.1 GPa) and 45 +/- 5 GPa for Xe clathrate B (tetragonal, a = 8.320 +/- 0.004 A, c = 10.2

29 cture I (A) and the discovery of a second Xe clathrate (B) above 1.8 GPa have implications for xenon

30 ssion electron microscopy indicated that the clathrate Ba8Au16P30 is well-ordered on the atomic scale

31 New clathrate-based phase-change materials with cage-like st

32 s not only brings new insights into hydrogen clathrates but also refreshes the perspective of clathra

33 The clathrate cages are multiply occupied, with a cluster of

34 th the dilute solution and give birth to the clathrate cages that eventually transform it into an amo

35 presence of both sodium and hydrogen in the clathrate cages.

36 Our results reveal that clathrate can store up to four hydrogen molecules in eac

37 erable hydrogen is stored molecularly within clathrate cavities as well as chemically in the clathrat

38 1 wt % hydrogen may be stored in the beta-HQ clathrate cavities.

39 CH3CH2OH, CH3CN, CH3NO2, I2), and a propyne clathrate (CH3CCH@Me,H,SiMe2.2CHCl3), have been prepared

40 This is the first example of a clathrate compound where the framework atoms are not in

41 ctural complexity in compositionally similar clathrate compounds indicates that the reaction path may

42 4CH4) should distinguish between wetland and clathrate contributions to this increase.

43 CH4-C2H6 ocean and between the ocean and the clathrate crust beneath, fractionation which occurred du

44 nuclei are intermediates in the formation of clathrate crystals for temperatures close to equilibrium

45 Subsequent to clathrate decomposition, the host HQ was used to directl

46 energy, supplied at depth as latent heat of clathrate decomposition, to shallower levels, where it r

47 etween ice-sheet-derived meteoric waters and clathrate-derived fluids during the flushing and destabi

48 tedly during the last glacial cycle involves clathrate destabalization events.

49 As a consequence, although clathrate destabilization may or may not have had a role

50 at may indeed form but participate in floppy clathrates, eventually have to give way to cagelike poly

51 hermal conductivity, a unique feature of the clathrate family of compounds.

52 during the flushing and destabilization of a clathrate field by glacial meltwater.

53 RPD spectra of even larger clusters, such as clathrates, for which precise mass selection of neutral

54 is fundamentally important to understanding clathrate formation, structure stabilization and the rol

55 gesting a strong densification effect of the clathrate framework on the enclosed hydrogen molecules.

56 pectrum is consistent with phase pure type I clathrate framework.

57 ant source of stability for the structure-II clathrate framework.

58 stable than without FTP present suggesting a clathrate guest-host association with the FTP.

59 structural x(gas/guest)@Me,H,SiMe2 (x </= 1) clathrates (guest = H2O, N2, Ar, CH4, Kr, Xe, C2H4, C2H6

60 The activation (emptying) of several clathrates (guest = H2O, N2, CO2, Kr, CH3F) is shown to

61 ate I), 7Li@C33B7 (Clathrate IV), 6Li@C28B6 (Clathrate H), and 6Li@C28B6 (Clathrate II) are definitel

62 us far, experimental evidence for guest-free clathrates has only been found in germanium and silicon,

63 arming, triggered by release of methane from clathrates, has been postulated to have occurred during

64 Because marine clathrates have a distinct deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) isot

65 ium and silicon, although guest-free hydrate clathrates have been found, in recent simulations, able

66 pace filling by gas molecules, standalone 3D clathrates have not been observed to form in the laborat

67 thrate cavities as well as chemically in the clathrate host material.

68 oposed exchange mechanism is consistent with clathrate hydrate being an equilibrium system in which g

69 n industrial applications to prevent methane clathrate hydrate blockages from forming in oil and gas

70 y unverified role for methanol as a guest in clathrate hydrate cages.

71 hydrates and participates synergistically in clathrate hydrate formation in the presence of methane g

72 ce the chemistry of low dosage inhibitors of clathrate hydrate formation within the context of their

73 "Craigite," the mixed-air clathrate hydrate found in polar ice caps below the dept

74 tate the heterogeneous nucleation of methane clathrate hydrate from an aqueous methane solution.

75 Carbon monoxide clathrate hydrate is a potentially important constituent

76 ia, and binary structure I ammonia + methane clathrate hydrate phases synthesized have been character

77 Compared with water-based clathrate hydrate phases, the beta-HQ+H2 clathrate shows

78 A unique clathrate hydrate structure, previously known only hypot

79 n, dissociation, and reactivity of argon gas clathrate hydrate was investigated by time-of-flight neu

80 We synthesized a hydrogen clathrate hydrate, H(2)(H(2)O)(2), that holds 50 g/liter

81 Like other clathrate hydrates and forms of ice, the protons of H2O

82 al planetary atmospheres, that ammonia forms clathrate hydrates and participates synergistically in c

83 metastable formation of sII CO(2) and CH(4) clathrate hydrates and their slow conversion to sI under

84 Clathrate hydrates are predicted to form by virtually th

85 Clathrate hydrates are specific cage-like structures for

86 hrates but also refreshes the perspective of clathrate hydrates as hydrogen storage media.

87 of vapor-deposited amorphous ices in vacuo, clathrate hydrates can form by rearrangements in the sol

88 However, how clathrate hydrates can form in low-pressure environments

89 The presence of clathrate hydrates in cometary ice has been suggested to

90 t to contribute to the outgassing of methane clathrate hydrates into these moons' atmospheres.

91 The nucleation and growth of clathrate hydrates of a hydrophobic guest comparable to

92 ge and description of guest molecules within clathrate hydrates only accounts for occupancy within re

93 ies near ambient conditions, the most stable clathrate hydrates should be identified.

94 termediates are involved in the formation of clathrate hydrates under conditions of high driving forc

95 the many studies that have been performed on clathrate hydrates, the actual molecular mechanism of bo

96 o guest-guest and guest-host interactions in clathrate hydrates, with potential implications in incre

97 ration shells were thought to resemble solid clathrate hydrates, with solutes surrounded by polyhedra

98 er molecules making up the crystalline solid clathrate hydrates.

99 o both large and small cages of structure II clathrate hydrates.

100 lly accepted because of skepticism about the clathrate hydration shell.

101 res of 2Li@C10B2 (Clathrate VII), 8Li@C38B8 (Clathrate I), 7Li@C33B7 (Clathrate IV), 6Li@C28B6 (Clath

102 allizes in an orthorhombic superstructure of clathrate-I featuring a complete separation of gold and

103 The guest-free monolayer clathrate ice is a low-density ice (LDI) whose geometric

104 idence of spontaneous formation of monolayer clathrate ice, with or without gas molecules, within hyd

105 IV), 6Li@C28B6 (Clathrate H), and 6Li@C28B6 (Clathrate II) are definitely stabilized in theoretical c

106 The synthesis and single crystal growth of clathrate-II Na(24)Si(136) is performed in one step appl

107 lso observed between C(6)D(6) and the liquid clathrate ionic complexes, [Hg(arene)(2)(MCl(4))][MCl(4)

108 a) in all the three structures generate A136 clathrate-IotaIotatype networks with remarkably specific

109 structure of the Ba8 M24 P28+delta (M=Cu/Zn) clathrate is composed of the pentagonal dodecahedra comm

110 The quenched clathrate is stable up to 145 kelvin at ambient pressure

111 driving force for the formation of this new clathrate is the excess of electrons generated by a high

112 The stored hydrogen is released when the clathrate is warmed to 140 K at ambient P.

113 to the atmosphere through destabilization of clathrates is a positive feedback mechanism capable of a

114 framework structure, the current research on clathrates is focused on finding the ones with large the

115 Since the thermal conductivity of clathrates is inherently small due to their large unit c

116 at the dissociation temperature of amorphous clathrates is just 10% lower than for the crystals, faci

117 y near the energy band edges for Si(46)-VIII clathrates is responsible for the formation of such a la

118 te VII), 8Li@C38B8 (Clathrate I), 7Li@C33B7 (Clathrate IV), 6Li@C28B6 (Clathrate H), and 6Li@C28B6 (C

119 shell near flat surfaces fluctuates between clathrate-like and less-ordered or inverted structures.

120 excess proton is embedded on the surface of clathrate-like cage structures with one or two water mol

121 d H3O(+) moiety embedded on the surface of a clathrate-like cage.

122 hat are orientationally inverted relative to clathrate-like hydration shells, with unsatisfied hydrog

123 For clathrate-like structure to be evident, the distribution

124 , whereas another one results in a colloidal clathrate-like structure, in both cases without any inte

125 ry hydrogen-rich simple compounds having new clathrate-like structures and remarkable electronic prop

126 surface topography of the melittin molecule: clathrate-like structures dominate near convex surface p

127 hydrophobic headgroups creating ice-like or clathrate-like structures in the surrounding water, alth

128 One component may be a clathrate-like water cluster near the hydrophobic cholin

129 ration shell of small hydrophobic solutes is clathrate-like, characterized by local cage-like hydroge

130 Clathrate materials have been the subject of intense int

131 ses controlling the formation of this liquid clathrate might help to tailor other catalysts and subst

132 elow the depth of air-bubble stability, is a clathrate mixed crystal of approximate composition (N2O2

133 cluster and local structuring hypotheses of clathrate nucleation and bears strong analogies to the t

134 lity and growth of amorphous and crystalline clathrate nuclei and assess the thermodynamics and kinet

135 at eventually transform it into an amorphous clathrate nucleus.

136 ion structures were obtained for an o-xylene clathrate of 2 and for solvent-free crystals of 3.

137 stabilities of a series of xenon and krypton clathrates of (+/-)-cryptophane-111 (111).

138 can be arrested in the metastable amorphous clathrate phase for times sufficiently long for it to ap

139 e caps and the metastable persistence of the clathrate phase in regions of upwelling blue ice.

140 at which pressure it transforms to a new Xe clathrate phase stable up to 2.5 GPa before breaking dow

141 A novel clathrate phase, Ba8Au16P30, was synthesized from its el

142 creating fractures that cause degassing of a clathrate reservoir to produce the plume documented by t

143 ion in the interior and at the surface of a clathrate, respectively.

144 The X-ray crystal structure of the clathrate shows an increased torsion angle between the a

145 sed clathrate hydrate phases, the beta-HQ+H2 clathrate shows remarkable stability over a range of p-T

146 aordinarily large power factor for type-VIII clathrate Si(46).

147 ctors, Mg2Si, Si0.8Ge0.2, Al(x)Ga(1-x)As and clathrate Si46-VIII were studied, which showed different

148 gies have been analyzed and show that liquid clathrate solvation of the transition state is primarily

149 host-guest ratio is similar to the cubic Xe clathrate starting material.

150 The type I clathrate structure has two types of cages where the gue

151 The extended pressure stability field of Xe clathrate structure I (A) and the discovery of a second

152 ecules and phenylene groups suggested by the clathrate structure was investigated.

153 H2 and H2O mixtures crystallize into the sII clathrate structure with an approximate H2/H2O molar rat

154 The term "clathrate structure" is quantified for solvation of nonp

155 pressure, and adopts the known open-network clathrate structures (sII, C(0)), dense "filled ice" str

156 free O-H stretch region are consistent with clathrate structures for the MNCs with 20 water molecule

157 compound, crystals grown from benzene formed clathrate structures in the space group Ponemacr; with o

158 r, there is no evidence for the formation of clathrate structures seen recently via IR spectroscopy o

159 s, from the very large number of conceivable clathrate structures, only a small fraction of them have

160 Analyte materials adsorbed onto this 'clathrate' surface are subsequently released by laser ir

161 The clathrate, synthesized at 200-300 MPa and 240-249 K, can

162 eaction to the transient formation of liquid clathrate that contains a few molecules of the substrate

163 conducive to the formation of heteronetwork clathrates that are stable both thermodynamically and ki

164 rent from the arrangement found in CH4/water clathrates, the CH4 store of nature.

165 crystallized in the presence of all of these clathrates, the dimeric macrocycles result in all cases,

166 s have been release and uptake of methane by clathrates, the positive correlation between temperature

167 Inside the cages of hypothetical carbon clathrates there is precious little room, even for the s

168 ethane released from low-latitude permafrost clathrates therefore acted as a trigger and/or strong po

169 cules trapped in nanostructured surfaces or 'clathrates' to release and ionize intact molecules adsor

170 In a second step, the amorphous clathrate transforms into crystalline clathrate.

171 A new clathrate type has been discovered in the Ba/Cu/Zn/P sys

172 -ray diffraction data is consistent with the clathrate type I structure.

173 Hydrogen within the beta-HQ clathrate vibrates at considerably lower frequency than

174 The resulting structures of 2Li@C10B2 (Clathrate VII), 8Li@C38B8 (Clathrate I), 7Li@C33B7 (Clat

175 for bacteria and climate-related changes in clathrate volume represent positive feedbacks for climat

176 The crystal structure of this new clathrate was determined by a combination of X-ray and n

177 Structure I xenon clathrate was observed to be stable up to 1.8 GPa, at wh

178 as hydrate lattice through the same anchored clathrate water mechanism used to bind ice.

179 The internal clathrate water network of the fish AFP Maxi, which exte

180 bon hydration shells are formed, possibly of clathrate water, and they explain why hydrocarbons have

181 Crystals of a benzene clathrate were characterized by single crystal X-ray dif

182 ither in the interior or at the surface of a clathrate were determined by comparing IRPD spectra of t

183 d one stadial period, suggesting that marine clathrates were stable during these abrupt warming episo

184 Ordered assemblies, isostructural to clathrates, were identified with the help of molecular s

185 protonated ammonia is in the interior of the clathrate, whereas protonated methyl- and n-heptylamine

186 host, but also to the crystal packing of the clathrate, wherein each window of the molecular containe

187 mensional analogue of the well-known Hofmann clathrates which is formed through axial bridging of the

188 A hydrogen-encapsulated inorganic clathrate, which is stable at ambient temperature and pr

189 ommodation, and the kinetic stability of the clathrates, which has been probed by thermal gravimetric

190 modynamic path to grow a new form of methane clathrate whose BL ice framework exhibits the Archimedea

191 p-xylene results in the formation of liquid clathrates whose spectroscopic characterization is consi

192 the formation of beta-hydroquinone (beta-HQ) clathrate with molecular hydrogen.

193 104) has been the sole representative of tin clathrates with the type II structure.

194 l that solvent molecules intercalate or form clathrates within the molecular pockets of CBI-35CH at l