ライフサイエンスコーパス: color vision

1 ence group (P < 0.001 for all domains except color vision).

2 -index], with higher scores indicating worse color vision).

3 tal and evolutionary origins of trichromatic color vision.

4 fundus appearance, and normal or near-normal color vision.

5 uflage on natural substrates despite lacking color vision.

6 sing on non-human primates, a model of human color vision.

7 on, and four types of single cones mediating color vision.

8 exhibit heterogeneity and are important for color vision.

9 ate fine visual acuity, daylight vision, and color vision.

10 ost species, indicating at least dichromatic color vision.

11 ferentially to colors and may play a role in color vision.

12 distance activities, social functioning, and color vision.

13 pe, which, like humans, possess trichromatic color vision.

14 neurons likely to be involved in processing color vision.

15 n cone photoreceptors is critical for normal color vision.

16 ystem, and traced the circuits that underlie color vision.

17 nses thought to be important for high-acuity color vision.

18 n of the macula and can lead to loss of fine color vision.

19 20/40), normal rod and cone ERGs, and normal color vision.

20 similar to those that are the basis of human color vision.

21 oses a major obstacle for any explanation of color vision.

22 partly organized by biological mechanisms of color vision.

23 constitutes the first critical locus for BY color vision.

24 erent spectral sensitivities is required for color vision.

25 while the inner photoreceptors contribute to color vision.

26 n rather than different ones as required for color vision.

27 mammals, only primates possess trichromatic color vision.

28 motion detection while the inner PRs mediate color vision.

29 sible for daylight, central, high acuity and color vision.

30 r experience is demonstrated in circuits for color vision.

31 e guiding modern neuroimaging experiments on color vision.

32 5 +/- 0.3 years) were healthy and had normal color vision.

33 Surprisingly, this does not affect color vision.

34 , molecular, and neural mechanisms of insect color vision.

35 ide new insights into the retinal origins of color vision.

36 s to the performance of subjects with normal color vision.

37 anomaly is a common, X-linked abnormality of color vision.

38 etina in which it plays an important role in color vision.

39 This person presumably had deuteranomalous color vision.

40 caine-dependent patients might have impaired color vision.

41 These two individuals presumably had normal color vision.

42 ion is a prerequisite for the development of color vision.

43 tanding of several basic features of primate color vision.

44 Values were compared to standard measures of color vision.

45 based sensors can be designed to mimic human color vision.

46 ene have produced intraspecific variation in color vision.

47 severely reduced visual acuity and impaired color vision.

48 ic behaviors and ultimately the evolution of color vision.

49 , which are hence the basis for daylight and color vision.

50 on defines RGB cones' distinct functions for color vision.

51 rblind"), but most females show trichromatic color vision.

52 us of the cone-specific circuitry supporting color vision.

53 mmals with both trichromatic and dichromatic color vision.

54 lore this question in the context of primate color vision.

55 tions and provide the critical first step in color vision.

56 one photoreceptors, critical for central and color vision.

57 patients in all subscales except driving and color vision.

58 exist in multiple spectral classes, subserve color vision.

59 of photoreceptors that mediate daylight and color vision.

60 cells responsible for fine visual acuity and color vision.

61 d on two related requirements for successful color vision: (1) that spectra be ordered according to t

62 P < 0.0001), driving (75 vs. 85; P = 0.02), color vision (90 vs. 97; P < 0.0001), and peripheral vis

63 ing that glucose levels do not seem to alter color vision, a report that intravenous methotrexate can

64 Color vision ability and contrast sensitivity were impai

65 ive molecular and psychophysical research on color vision abnormalities, little is known about patter

66 eys, apes, and humans all enjoy trichromatic color vision, although the former two groups do not seem

67 how that there are several modal patterns of color vision among groupings of primates: (i) Old World

68 t, hints are emerging about the evolution of color vision among the primates.

69 rod vision and for the lingering changes in color vision and acuity that are often reported after su

70 pe Cod, Massachusetts, and deficits in adult color vision and contrast sensitivity.

71 f cones in the human macula is essential for color vision and for visual acuity.

72 Cones mediate daylight and color vision and in most mammals express M and S opsin p

73 ty provides a quantitative measure of normal color vision and indicates both type and severity of col

74 jections could provide an anatomic basis for color vision and may relay information about color to mo

75 aint in nonconserved regions were found near color vision and nerve-growth genes, consistent with pur

76 with two major types - inner PRs involved in color vision and outer PRs involved in motion detection.

77 experiments in Africa with modeling of avian color vision and pattern discrimination to identify the

78 pment of research methods, investigations of color vision and pattern vision in honey bees, and the f

79 ety of critical biological processes such as color vision and photosynthesis.

80 resents with a triad of photophobia, loss of color vision and reduced central vision.

81 d (CNG) channel is essential for central and color vision and visual acuity.

82 VEP P100 latency was found superior to color vision and visual field in early stages of hydroxy

83 In Drosophila, color vision and wavelength-selective behaviors are medi

84 pigment genes are associated with defective color vision and with differences between types of red-g

85 comprehensive eye examination including VA, color vision, and contrast sensitivity testing.

86 is a process essential for daylight vision, color vision, and visual acuity.

87 ement in visual acuity, pupillary responses, color vision, and visual field.

88 L thickness and visual acuity, visual field, color vision, and visual-evoked potential amplitude.

89 least some diurnal species have dichromatic color vision; and (iv) some nocturnal primates may lack

90 Both worse CS and worse color vision are correlated with thinning of the tempora

91 Dim-light achromatic vision and bright-light color vision are initiated in rod and several types of c

92 RF15 underwent electrophysiological testing, color vision assessment, color fundus photography, and f

93 visual evoked potential latency and impaired color vision, at baseline and after 3 months, were signi

94 ossess dichromatic ("red-green color blind") color vision based on short-wavelength-sensitive (S) and

95 The neural coding of human color vision begins in the retina.

96 Trichromatic color vision begins when the image is sampled by short-

97 Two types of comparisons can occur in fly color vision: between the R7 (UV sensitive) and R8 (blue

98 e test--which is highly effective in testing color vision both in small children and in adult humans-

99 of retinal cone opsin genes is essential for color vision, but the mechanism mediating this process i

100 elucidating not only the molecular bases of color vision, but the processes of adaptive evolution at

101 of the cone photopigments form the basis of color vision, but ultrastructural and physiological evid

102 ling between spectral types could compromise color vision by smearing chromatic information across ch

103 ntrol subjects with normal visual acuity and color vision, by using an array of isolated checks that

104 ults suggest that horses are dichromats with color vision capabilities similar to those of humans wit

105 ouse also has the receptor basis for a novel color vision capacity, but tests show that potential was

106 adapt to various light environments through color vision changes.

107 , examples that are not part of the canon of color vision circuitry.

108 th choroideremia have a functional defect in color vision compared with age-matched controls.

109 n; and (iv) some nocturnal primates may lack color vision completely.

110 This minireview presents examples in which color vision contributes to behaviors dominated by other

111 The color vision defect deteriorates as the degeneration enc

112 d high myopia with mild cone dysfunction and color vision defects has been mapped to chromosome Xq28

113 sociated with elevated prevalence ratios for color vision defects in younger participants.

114 Acquired color vision defects were present in 29% of participants

115 uity, were hyperopic, had severe nonspecific color vision defects, and had only 1.0 log elevated DA t

116 ed as a relatively common cause of red/green color vision defects, with the most frequent mutation be

117 n was used to estimate prevalence ratios for color vision defects.

118 chromatic Plates, part 2 (SPP2) for acquired color vision defects.

119 n-hexane, has been associated with acquired color vision defects.

120 These include color vision deficiencies or visual field deterioration

121 of this disulfide bond represents a cause of color vision deficiencies that is unrelated to spectral

122 ly sensitive to mild congenital and acquired color vision deficiencies.

123 Extent of color vision deficiency and color descriptor heterogenei

124 ) damage, color descriptor heterogeneity, or color vision deficiency, as determined by the Hardy-Rand

125 een associated with loss of cone function in color vision deficiency, it is not known what happens to

126 larly in patients with glaucoma who may have color vision deficiency.

127 icate that cryotherapy increased the rate of color vision deficits in eyes with threshold ROP.

128 In the Threshold ROP cohort, color vision deficits were no more likely in eyes that h

129 epted standard for detecting and classifying color vision deficits.

130 he severity of the defect in deuteranomalous color vision depends on the degree of similarity among t

131 Color vision depends on the visual system comparing sign

132 within the most common category of defective color vision, deuteranomaly, there is a large variation

133 Color vision disorders that result from the deletion of

134 nystagmus, visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, color vision disturbances, bull's eye maculopathy, and p

135 one-selective circuitry supporting red-green color vision emerges after the first retinal synapse.SIG

136 In primates, trichromatic color vision evolved after changes in X chromosome-linke

137 we tested three patients who had lost their color vision following cortical damage (central achromat

138 with experimental evidence about functional color vision for a wide range of mosaic parameters, incl

139 6 minutes), clinically expedient, measure of color vision for quantifying normal color performance, d

140 on nonhexane solvent and hexane exposure and color vision from a cross-sectional study of 835 automot

141 morphic X-linked and a monomorphic autosomal color vision gene.

142 notypes of the X-chromosome-linked red/green color vision genes by a novel PCR/SSCP-based method and

143 t would be interesting to know whether their color vision genes have become degenerate.

144 Although color vision genes have been the targets of active molec

145 cleotide sequence data for the dim-light and color vision genes in vertebrates.

146 (SWS1) in all owls we studied, but two other color vision genes, the red-sensitive LWS and the blue-s

147 Visual examination included acuity, color vision, Goldmann visual fields (GVF), dark-adapted

148 The chromatic dimensions of human color vision have a neural basis in the retina.

149 several types of dichromatic or trichromatic color vision; (iii) less is known about color vision in

150 ino acid changes fully explain the red-green color vision in a wide range of mammalian species, goldf

151 t investment in photoreceptor processing for color vision in bees.

152 Color vision in birds is mediated by four types of cone

153 rve vision in dim light, while cones provide color vision in bright light.

154 in dim light, while cones provide high-speed color vision in bright light.

155 vision and two types of cones (M and S) for color vision in daylight.

156 Color vision in Drosophila relies on the comparison betw

157 Color vision in honey bees (Apis mellifera) has been ext

158 re was not yet a definitive answer regarding color vision in horses (Equus caballus).

159 Color vision in humans and other Old World primates depe

160 Trichromatic color vision in humans results from the combination of r

161 th sensitive) gene array underlying "normal" color vision in humans.

162 cidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced th

163 derlying the primitive "blue-yellow" axis of color vision in nonprimate mammals are largely unexplore

164 atic color vision; (iii) less is known about color vision in prosimians, but evidence suggests that a

165 Alternatively, the loss of color vision in the owl monkey could impact K pathway ci

166 ased prevalences of abnormal CS and abnormal color vision in this population are therefore likely att

167 Here, we study adaptation of color vision in threespine stickleback during the repeat

168 better understand the evolution of red-green color vision in vertebrates, we inferred the amino acid

169 vealed a mechanism for producing dichromatic color vision in which the expression of a mutant cone ph

170 paper analyzes the neural network underlying color vision into the medulla.

171 Drosophila color vision is achieved by comparing outputs from two t

172 Color vision is achieved by comparing the inputs from re

173 Color vision is based on the differential color sensitiv

174 Color vision is facilitated by distinct populations of c

175 An important question about color vision is how does the brain represent the color o

176 blue-yellow color vision losses suggest that color vision is impaired in cocaine-withdrawn patients.

177 la circuitry will allow us to understand how color vision is processed in the optic lobe of Drosophil

178 Color vision is reserved to only few mammals, such as Ol

179 sequence variation in the spectral tuning of color vision is well established in many systems.

180 Visual acuity (Snellen chart), color vision (Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates), visua

181 ry color deficiency and for monitoring early color vision loss in ocular and systemic disease.

182 P < .001, chi 2 test) and 15 had blue-yellow color vision loss on the Lanthony desaturated D-15 test

183 Contrast sensitivity and color vision loss were quantified.

184 here is a large variation in the severity of color vision loss.

185 1 cocaine-withdrawn patients had blue-yellow color vision losses on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue te

186 tly higher test error scores and blue-yellow color vision losses suggest that color vision is impaire

187 other modalities, notably the development of color vision, may have largely replaced signaling by phe

188 ocarotenoids in the avian retina, and we use color vision modeling to demonstrate how correlated evol

189 cone dysfunction, reduced visual acuity and color vision, nystagmus, and photoaversion.

190 fore, elephants seem to have the dichromatic color vision of deuteranopes.

191 Modeling color vision of potential di- and trichromatic fish pred

192 e in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, or color vision of the PD subjects in their on state compar

193 preserved color identification with abnormal color vision on Ishihara, and simultanagnosia were all s

194 Park in Madagascar, and explored effects of color vision on reproductive success and feeding behavio

195 al cortex that have particular importance in color vision, one sensitive to red-green modulation, the

196 ata on best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, color vision, ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, Goldma

197 ; no changes were detected in visual acuity, color vision, or visual fields.

198 cales (each P < 0.001) with the exception of color vision (P = 0.11).

199 s, which largely define the beginning of the color vision pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dim-light ac

200 studied are largely independent of red-green color vision phenotype and visual field location.

201 Like people with normal color vision, protanomalous observers are trichromatic,

202 V to the red part of the light spectrum with color vision proven from 440 to 640 nm.

203 he presence of an early functional defect in color vision provides a useful biomarker against which t

204 Patterning the Drosophila retina for color vision relies on postmitotic specification of phot

205 Vertebrate color vision relies on the differential expression of vi

206 Color vision requires comparison between photoreceptors

207 Understanding color vision requires knowing how signals from the three

208 f cones, the photoreceptors for daylight and color vision, requires protection from thyroid hormone b

209 cones being the arbiters of high-resolution color vision, rods emerged as the dominant photoreceptor

210 Direct studies of color vision show that there are several modal patterns

211 c and psychiatric manifestations, olfaction, color vision, sleep parameters, and neurocognitive testi

212 Human color vision starts with the signals from three cone pho

213 ye specimens from Caucasian males of unknown color vision status.

214 and primates are interesting for comparative color vision studies, because both have evolved middle-

215 female sexual swelling and male trichromatic color vision, suggesting that a vision-based signaling-s

216 ld World primates evolved from a dichromatic color vision system approximately 30-40 million years ag

217 Although the primordial color vision system in mammals contains a well-character

218 The principal challenge faced by any color vision system is to contend with the inherent ambi

219 that there are major differences between the color vision systems of nymphalid and papilionid butterf

220 The diversity of color vision systems present in marsupials remains mostl

221 daptive value of traits identified in insect color vision systems.

222 grees central visual fields; Lanthony 15-hue color vision test; automated static contrast sensitivity

223 he study, of whom 4177 were able to complete color vision testing (1265 black, 812 Asian, 1280 Hispan

224 Color vision testing was performed using Color Vision Testing Made Easy color plates (Home Vision

225 Color vision testing may be useful in future studies of

226 Color vision testing was performed using Color Vision Te

227 phy (ERG) and electro-oculography (EOG), and color vision testing were performed.

228 ent clinics in Oxford Eye Hospital underwent color vision testing with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue

229 ty (VA), visual fields, electroretinography, color vision testing, and retinal imaging by OCT, pseudo

230 imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), color vision testing, dark adaptation testing, full-fiel

231 , full-field electroretinographic (ERG), and color vision testing.

232 ere diagnosed with routine visual acuity and color vision testing.

233 fundus examination, Amsler grid testing, and color vision testing.

234 ) with matched normal controls (n = 31) on 2 color vision tests.

235 unsell 100-hue and Lanthony desaturated D-15 color vision tests.

236 seem prone to the polymorphic variations in color vision that are characteristic of people; (ii) mos

237 previous studies, we found males with normal color vision that varied in the ratio of L to M cones (f

238 analysis showed a significant difference in color vision total error score between the groups (P < .

239 Mean color vision total error scores were 120 (95% confidence

240 Calculated color vision total error scores were compared between th

241 suggests that balancing selection maintains color vision variation, possibly through a 'trichromat a

242 CCT specificity for confirming normal color vision was 100% for L and M cone tests and 99.8% f

243 Color vision was assessed using H-R-R and Ishihara plate

244 timated from self-reported work history, and color vision was assessed using the Lanthony desaturated

245 Color vision was impaired in all patients when tested wi

246 Pelli-Robson technique (expressed as logCS); color vision was measured with the Lanthony desaturated

247 Color vision was normal in all subjects tested, except f

248 Visual acuity was 20/20 OU, and color vision was normal in both eyes.

249 Color vision was normal, suggesting the presence of all

250 Monocular color vision was tested at age 5 1/2 years, using the St

251 In the past, equine color vision was tested with stimuli composed either of

252 tep in the evolution of primate trichromatic color vision was the expression of a third cone class no

253 ity, visual field, contrast sensitivity, and color vision were measured at the same time as questionn

254 y, contrast sensitivity), visual fields, and color vision were measured.

255 es and higher D15 CCI (both indicating worse color vision) were associated with greater VF damage (P

256 sitive photoreceptors (which are involved in color vision) were significantly slower (9.8 +/- 1.2 and

257 n dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision where one type of cone photoreceptor is mis

258 The comparison is often made to color vision, where a solid framework with a three-dimen

259 tivities, role difficulties, dependency, and color vision, with correlations ranging from 0.19 to 0.2