ライフサイエンスコーパス: comb

1 2) with combined SP, ST and KMT test scores (COMB).

2 set, and (iii) mu is not a generalized Dirac comb.

3 e the mode structure of an optical frequency comb.

4 els estimated by averaging values across the comb.

5 ach to generate vacuum-ultraviolet frequency comb.

6 onator while generating an optical frequency comb.

7 g+ ion using a single mode of a UV frequency comb.

8 abilisation to the atomic package and to the comb.

9 ency measurements of a mode-locked frequency comb.

10 volved in developmental specification of the comb.

11 al nonlinear coherent spectra with frequency combs.

12 t observed in conventional optical frequency combs.

13 development of femtosecond optical frequency combs.

14 , we generate coherent mode-locked frequency combs.

15 chieved sustained response by week 12 (29.1% COMB, 32.5% FLX, and 57.9% CBT), sustained response rate

16 on (17%), pleural effusion (8.6%), and honey combing (5.7%).

17 ponse rates during stages 2 and 3 were 80.0% COMB, 61.5% FLX, and 77.3% CBT (difference not significa

18 of sustained response by week 36 were 88.4% COMB, 82.5% FLX, and 75.0% CBT.

19 flection (ATR) FT-IR probe was controlled by combing a commercially available ATR in-line probe with

20 work, we demonstrate an innovative approach, combing a novel active screen plasma (ASP) technique wit

21 The development of the optical frequency comb (a spectrum consisting of a series of evenly spaced

22 To address this issue, we studied the sex comb, a group of modified bristles used in courtship tha

23 organ and appendage development, in the sex comb, a recently evolved male-specific structure found i

24 dress this question using the Drosophila sex comb, a recently evolved, male-specific morphological st

25 formation of the embryonic mouth, tentacles, combs, aboral organ, and putative sensory cells.

26 yses were conducted by genome-wide molecular combing after pulse labeling with two thymidine analogue

27 A meta-analysis combing all independent data sets greatly reinforces the

28 horylated kinase inducible domain (pKID), by combing all-atom molecular dynamics with enhanced sampli

29 DNA combing allows the investigation of DNA replication on g

30 ll reads are assembled seemingly by moving a comb along junction edges on a splicing graph.

31 w insights into soliton- and wavetrain-based combs along with concrete design guidelines for both.

32 e atoms, frequency comparison by a frequency comb and diagnostics.

33 Its similarity to a cock's comb and other sexually dimorphic structures of birds su

34 for achieving self-referenced Kerr frequency combs and also for high-capacity coherent communication

35 cated and hierarchical structure of honeybee combs and measure the elastic properties of fresh and ol

36 Kerr nonlinearity-based frequency combs and solitons have been generated from on-chip micr

37 ns for coherent spectroscopy using frequency combs and super-continua in diverse spectral regions.

38 nd applications in communications, frequency combs and ultrafast lasers.

39 limbs) and object effectors (e.g., hammers, combs, and tennis rackets) in lateral occipitotemporal c

40 P. musciformis comb. nov., and P. luxurians comb. and stat. nov. Gelidium sinicola is merged with G.

41 Optical frequency combs are a revolutionary light source for high-precisio

42 s-wave lasers, extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs are at present the only promising route to extendi

43 Laser frequency combs are coherent light sources that simultaneously pro

44 These combs are powerful enough for us to observe single-photo

45 inuous wave lasers are unavailable.Frequency combs are useful tools in high precision measurement inc

46 From this analytical framework, a Kerr-comb area theorem and a pump-detuning relation are devel

47 species, bristle cells that make up the sex combs arise in their final longitudinal orientation.

48 s been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references.

49 Single-cell analyses and DNA fiber combing assays showed that VE-821 abrogates the S-phase

50 s are mammalian homologues of additional sex combs (Asx), a regulator of trithorax and polycomb funct

51 served in other Drosophila species, long sex combs bend because rotation is blocked by a neighboring

52 Combing bioinformatics analysis and prediction of the po

53 ssary for male-specific morphogenesis of sex comb bristles.

54 The frequency spacing of the comb can be tuned by an integer number FSR of the MRR fr

55 , for larvae, clustering of pesticide in the comb can lead to higher exposure levels than taking an a

56 e, film thickness, and spectral ranges where combs can be generated, as well as fabrication challenge

57 trate that optical integrated Kerr frequency combs can be used to generate several bi- and multiphoto

58 Thus, sex combs can develop through either sex-specific patterning

59 Dual laser frequency combs can rapidly measure high-resolution linear absorpt

60 ue segmentally-iterated peripheral cell, the comb cell (CC).

61 ased on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atom

62 We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gathe

63 Thus, the embryonic behavior associated with comb cilia beatings and initial muscle organization does

64 sition at 63 nanometres, thus confirming the combs' coherence in the extreme ultraviolet.

65 ocity dispersion, so that the Kerr frequency comb contains a record-high number of 3,600 phase-locked

66 ALCI, a novel measure combing contiguity and depth, is the most accurate predi

67 ntroduction to femtosecond optical frequency combs, covering their principles of operation and exampl

68 erative performances and 10 are provided for combing data from individual operative performances into

69 DNA combing demonstrated that Mus81 also allows efficient re

70 In some species, sex comb development involves only the modification of indiv

71 ac acts during metamorphosis to restrict sex comb development to the appropriate leg region.

72 The comb device exhibits a narrow intermode beatnote linewid

73 owires aligned to within +/-1 degrees of the combing direction.

74 show that this ability is independent of the ComB DNA uptake system, and that H. pylori utilization o

75 in the epithelial cells surrounding the sex comb during pupal development to promote sex comb rotati

76 a microfluidic electroporation device with a comb electrode layout fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane

77 f Pol II, H3K27me3, and H3K4me3 in extra sex combs (esc) mutant embryos.

78 Suppressor of Zeste 12 (Su(z)12), Extra Sex Combs (ESC), and Multicopy Suppressor of IRA 1 (MSI1), a

79 recombine to emit light in a broad frequency comb evenly spaced by twice the THz frequency.

80 ion of the Posterior sex combs (Psc) and Sex combs extra (Sce) proteins.

81 ansport in a highway-building environment by combing field measurement and numerical simulations.

82 d often fair hair that is resistant to being combed flat.

83 l cavities within which the bees could build comb for the queen to lay her eggs and the workers could

84 igher order comb modes from an electro-optic comb for ultra-high sensitivity phase noise measurements

85 An important prerequisite for modelling the comb formation process is the knowledge of phase and amp

86 eraction of hundreds or thousands of optical comb frequencies with the same number of resonator modes

87 rough an enhanced optical Stark shift of the comb frequencies.

88 Stable ultrashort light pulses and frequency combs generated by mode-locked lasers have many importan

89 h semiconductor manufacturing.Kerr frequency comb generation from microresonators requires anomalous

90 ing of Kerr-effect induced optical frequency comb generation in microresonators.

91 te a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulati

92 an provide a compact and robust platform for comb generation that can operate with relatively low opt

93 emiconductor compatible platform for on-chip comb generation using silicon microresonators, and reali

94 ency, making them ideal for use in frequency comb generation, microlasing and all-optical processing.

95 cal wavelength down/up-conversion, frequency comb generation, quantum-correlated photon-pair source g

96 s a promising platform for optical frequency comb generation, via dissipative soliton formation.

97 yielded refined mapping intervals for duplex comb (Gga 2:38.55-38.89 Mb) and rose comb (Gga 7:18.41-2

98 duplex comb (Gga 2:38.55-38.89 Mb) and rose comb (Gga 7:18.41-22.09 Mb) phenotypes in traditional br

99 ptical frequency division by using frequency combs has revolutionized time keeping and the generation

100 aser, which itself is inherently a frequency comb, has yet to be achieved without the use of an exter

101 Frequency combs have applications that extend from the ultra-viole

102 Optical frequency combs have revolutionized the measurement of optical fre

103 of HBOC treatment can be largely overcome by combing HBOC treatment with a PDE5 inhibitor (sildenafil

104 Kerr frequency combs hold promise for transforming these lab-scale osci

105 A-DAPTA-comb in C57BL/6 mice and (64)Cu-DOTA-comb in ApoE(-/-) mice verified low nonspecific nanopart

106 The assessment of (64)Cu-DOTA-DAPTA-comb in C57BL/6 mice and (64)Cu-DOTA-comb in ApoE(-/-) m

107 heterogeneity of pesticide distribution on a comb in the hive can be driven by worker behaviors.

108 the elimination of infestations without nit combing in patients 6 months of age or older.

109 mb technology is the generation of frequency combs in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range by means

110 Generation of such combs in the mid-infrared spectral region (2-20 mum) is

111 lications of quantum cascade laser frequency combs including high-precision remote sensing and spectr

112 efficient end registration at the anchoring/combing interface.

113 The sex comb is a recently evolved, male-specific array of modif

114 The sex comb is an array of modified bristles or 'teeth' present

115 the distinguishing feature of a femtosecond comb is that it provides a broadband source with well-de

116 This wide-line-spacing comb, or 'astro-comb', is well matched to the resolving power of high-re

117 een challenged by analyses of the genomes of comb jellies (Ctenophora), which, instead, found ctenoph

118 sing on whether sponges (phylum Porifera) or comb jellies (phylum Ctenophora) are the sister group of

119 arly branching phyla, especially sponges and comb jellies (sea gooseberries), sit in the tree of life

120 trast to other basal metazoans, ctenophores (comb jellies) have both complex nervous and mesoderm-der

121 ding early metazoan evolution is Ctenophora (comb jellies), which diverged very early from the animal

122 ) or, alternatively, evolved convergently in comb jellies.

123 nophore Mnemiopsis leidyi The genome of this comb jelly encodes homologs of vertebrate ionotropic glu

124 e the effect of changing D. melanogaster sex comb length on the process of rotation.

125 As a result, when increasing sex comb length, rather than displaying a similar straight v

126 variation in the evolution of Drosophila sex comb length.

127 e analysis of its components: additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1) and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP

128 Somatic Addition of Sex Combs Like 1 (ASXL1) mutations occur in 10-30% of patien

129 leven-translocation-2 (TET2), additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1), PcG enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (E

130 ymeric nanospheres were formed in water from comb-like amphiphilic block copolymers.

131 gesting that BRS-B is likely involved in the comb-like dextran produced byL. citreumNRRL B-742.

132 Using a suitable sucrose/dextran ratio, a comb-like dextran with 50% of alpha-(1-->3) branching wa

133 A series of comb-like peptoid block copolymers, poly(N-2-(2-(2-metho

134 ess-strain curves in solvent-free brush- and comb-like polymer networks (elastomers).

135 ivalent peptide materials were prepared with comb-like structure by RAFT copolymerization of peptide

136 Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) proteins are mammalian homologues of a

137 utations in the gene encoding additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) are found in various hematologic ma

138 gnostically relevant, such as additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1).

139 identify somatic mutations in additional sex combs-like 2 (ASXL2) in 22.7% (25/110) of patients with

140 novo truncating mutations in Additional sex combs-like 3 (ASXL3) have been identified in individuals

141 while bringing the resolution to the single comb-line level.

142 itrarily larger span are demonstrated (3,500 comb lines over 0.85 THz) by doing sequential acquisitio

143 for simultaneous measurement of 500 isolated comb lines over a span of 0.12 THz in a single acquisiti

144 s based on the generation of tunable optical comb lines using a two-stage Lyot loop filter, such that

145 s a record-high number of 3,600 phase-locked comb lines.

146 rein, we use a synthetic polypeptide-grafted comb macromolecule to demonstrate how the in situ modula

147 ses were estimated for all Brodmann areas by combing magnetoencephalographic and MRI data with spectr

148 genes exhibit significant correlations with comb mass, maternal brooding behaviour and fecundity.

149 etic architecture suggests that rotating sex combs may have re-evolved through changes in relatively

150 cient initialization of the atomic frequency comb memory and time bin-selective readout through an en

151 letion, we developed a single-molecule mtDNA combing method.

152 ammalian-microbial mutualism has expanded by combing microbial sequencing with evolving molecular and

153 need for highly linear photodetection of the comb mode spacing.

154 The burn comb model creates four rectangular burned surfaces that

155 limited burn-injury progression in a rat hot comb model.

156 the knowledge of phase and amplitude of the comb modes as well as the detuning from their respective

157 vity enhancement via the use of higher order comb modes from an electro-optic comb for ultra-high sen

158 asuring resonator dispersion and detuning of comb modes in a hot resonator while generating an optica

159 the genetic basis of the differences in sex comb morphology between D. bipectinata and D. malerkotli

160 In this report, we show that similar sex comb morphology in closely related Drosophila species is

161 Combing multi-Mb-scale DNA molecules revealed previously

162 e can separate two orthogonally polarized HH combs mutually offset by the driving frequency to form a

163 hat is encoded by the homeotic gene multisex combs (mxc) as novel HLB components.

164 to demonstrate that the Drosophila Multi Sex Combs (Mxc) protein contains multiple domains necessary

165 of the Drosophila NPAT orthologue, multi sex combs (Mxc).

166 The targeted (64)Cu-DOTA-DAPTA-comb nanoparticles showed extended blood signal and opti

167 ational potential, this customized DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe demonstrated superiority over the CANF pe

168 The targeted DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe showed optimized pharmacokinetics and bio

169 acer accumulation for the targeted DOTA-CANF-comb nanoprobe than for either the CANF peptide tracer o

170 adiella: P. media comb. nov., P. musciformis comb. nov., and P. luxurians comb. and stat. nov. Gelidi

171 are transferred to Pterocladiella: P. media comb. nov., P. musciformis comb. nov., and P. luxurians

172 ly offset by the driving frequency to form a comb of even and odd harmonic orders.

173 (a source of protein) that is stored in the combs of the nest.

174 lex 1 (PRC1) or PRC2 core components and Sex comb on midleg (Scm) as the only protein strongly enrich

175 The Drosophila protein Sex Comb on Midleg (Scm) is a member of the Polycomb group (

176 Sex Comb on Midleg (SCM) is a transcriptional repressor in t

177 SCML2 (sex comb on midleg-like 2) is a constituent of the Polycomb

178 SFMBT1 (Scm [Sex comb on midleg] with four MBT [malignant brain tumor] do

179 an therefore provide quiet states of soliton comb operation useful in many applications.

180 This wide-line-spacing comb, or 'astro-comb', is well matched to the resolving

181 e crystal structure of minerals to the honey-comb organization of ommatidia in the compound eye of in

182 "Longitudinal" sex combs oriented along the proximo-distal leg axis evolved

183 We show that in some of these lineages, sex combs originate as one or several transverse bristle row

184 0 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset for the 18 GHz Kerr comb oscillator, along with feedback stabilization to ac

185 comb-p is a command-line tool and a python library that

186 comb-p is maintained under the BSD license.

187 week 36 (96.9% vs 74.1%; P = .007; 88.5% of COMB patients maintained sustained response through week

188 veal new parameter regimes for enhanced Kerr-comb performance.

189 tates with discrete pi and pi/2 steps in the comb phases that are not observed in conventional optica

190 runcated Wapl-AG protein causes an extra-sex-comb phenotype similar to that seen in the wapl(AG) muta

191 die as pharate adults and have an extra sex combs phenotype characteristic of males with mutations i

192 report the synthesis of polypeptide-grafted comb polymers and the use of their tunable secondary int

193 for the synthesis of conjugates of sCT with comb polymers derived from PEG methacrylic monomers whic

194 stration to mice, thereby demonstrating that comb polymers that present short oligo(ethylene glycol)

195 We have improved the DNA combing procedure so that DNA molecules can be analysed

196 Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequ

197 Until now, combs produced by this method have lacked sufficient pow

198 by the combined action of the Posterior sex combs (Psc) and Sex combs extra (Sce) proteins.

199 The Su(z)2 complex contains Posterior sex combs (Psc) and Suppressor 2 of zeste [Su(z)2], two para

200 active region is found in the Posterior Sex Combs (PSC) subunit in Drosophila, it is unexpectedly fo

201 nd that a single PRC1 subunit, Posterior sex combs (PSC), can reconstitute persistence through DNA re

202 ential Drosophila PcG protein, Posterior Sex Combs (PSC), compacts chromatin and inhibits chromatin r

203 One key PcG protein, Posterior Sex Combs (PSC), is part of at least two complexes: Polycomb

204 usly identified intra- and interspecific sex comb QTL, but such overlap can be explained by chance al

205 Here, employing the atomic frequency comb quantum memory protocol in a cryogenically cooled e

206 generation of extreme-ultraviolet frequency combs, reaching wavelengths of 40 nanometres, by couplin

207 s, we performed a functional analysis of Sex combs reduced (Scr) during post-embryonic development in

208 pattern of the Drosophila homeotic gene Sex combs reduced (Scr) is directed by an unusually long reg

209 We find that Sex combs reduced (Scr) uses a simple interaction mechanism,

210 at the endogenous locus of the Hox gene Sex combs reduced (Scr), by comparing a stably expressing gr

211 For the Drosophila Hox protein Sex combs reduced (Scr), Exd has been shown to position a no

212 T1 this suppression was accomplished by Sex combs reduced, that when experimentally removed, results

213 s, Scr is upregulated in the presumptive sex comb region and is frequently sexually dimorphic.

214 sely related species with a much simpler sex comb representing the ancestral condition.

215 The initiation of the combs requires global or local anomalous dispersion whic

216 s including Drosophila melanogaster, the sex comb rotates 90 degrees to a vertical position during de

217 comb during pupal development to promote sex comb rotation, a complex cellular process driven by coor

218 In species that primitively lack sex combs, Scr expression shows little spatial modulation, w

219 modulation, whereas in species that have sex combs, Scr is upregulated in the presumptive sex comb re

220 ts onto glass substrates which comprised two comb-shaped interdigitated gold electrodes covering an a

221 The comb-shaped membranes retained their high ion conductivi

222 The chemical stabilities of the comb-shaped membranes were evaluated under severe, accel

223 Using comb-shaped planar waveguides, we achieve a full thickne

224 The comb-shaped polymers having one alkyl side chain showed

225 The highest conductivity was observed for comb-shaped polymers with benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammoni

226 thesized using a Menshutkin reaction to form comb-shaped structures.

227 The astro-comb should allow a precision as high as 1 cm s(-1) in a

228 e chemokine receptor-targeted (64)Cu-vMIP-II-comb showed extended blood retention and improved biodis

229 and immunofluorescence microscopy (molecular combing) showed rapid inhibition of fork progression in

230 tion based on the combination of a frequency comb source and a fibre spectrometer, exploiting all-fib

231 An efficient mid-infrared frequency comb source is of great interest to high speed, high res

232 -chip integrated mid-infrared microresonator comb source.

233 Microresonator-based frequency comb sources can provide a compact and robust platform f

234 Mode-locked comb sources operating at optical frequencies underpin a

235 Optical frequency comb sources provide thousands of precise and accurate o

236 an optical frequency comb with 12 different comb spacings is achieved, which corresponds to a MWP fi

237 esonators, and realize a broadband frequency comb spanning from 2.1 to 3.5 mum.

238 Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS) combines the inherent broad

239 Direct optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (DFCS) is proving to be a fundamental

240 Dual-comb spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful approach for

241 emonstration shows that the direct frequency comb spectroscopy is an important tool for frequency met

242 The direct frequency comb spectroscopy may extend the optical frequency metro

243 Here, we demonstrate direct frequency comb spectroscopy of single (25)Mg ions confined in a Pa

244 ere the authors demonstrate direct frequency comb spectroscopy to shorter wavelengths by probing a tr

245 excite target transitions (direct frequency comb spectroscopy).

246 me-resolved cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy, we observed deuteroxyl radical (OD) +

247 Our approach is inspired by dual-comb spectroscopy, which has been proven to be a versati

248 tion has been determined by direct frequency comb spectroscopy.

249 ral envelopes, an essential feature for dual-comb spectroscopy.

250 nched polymer undergoes 'metamorphosis' into comb, star and hydrophobic block copolymer architectures

251 resented phase measurements show unpredicted comb states with discrete pi and pi/2 steps in the comb

252 ipartite entanglement in an atomic frequency comb storing a single photon in a Dicke state spread ove

253 ha/FNAB/PMMA matrix was then integrated over comb structured gold electrode array based sensor chip.

254 Comb structured gold microelectrode array (CSGMA) functi

255 ds and measured using EIS technique in which comb structured gold microelectrodes array (CSGM) is uti

256 ynthesis of isoquinoline and Friedlander and Combes syntheses of substituted quinolines were conducte

257 e demonstrate a miniature soliton-based dual-comb system that can potentially transfer the approach t

258 ucing a large class of the behaviors in Kerr-comb systems, including bright-solitons, dark-solitons,

259 By combing TDW hardware and an enhanced ViewDock interface,

260 A further advance in frequency comb technology is the generation of frequency combs in

261 on experiments have shown that males lacking comb teeth typically fail to mate.

262 t upper limit on the linewidth of individual comb teeth.

263 In conclusion, combing TGF-beta gene silencing with RIG-I signaling con

264 ults in coherent low-noise optical frequency combs that are critical for applications in spectroscopy

265 ther species have more complex "rotated" sex combs that are shaped by coordinated migration of epithe

266 In this work, by combing the above two techniques, a new phenomenon of pa

267 This opens therapeutic avenues combing the killing efficiency of NK cells with the dive

268 proposed model possesses the key feature of combing the lipid bilayer and the erythrocyte cytoskelet

269 d stereocenters, including a one-pot version combing the Mannich reaction with a base-mediated haloge

270 By combing the technologies of high-spatial resolution comp

271 In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typi

272 s a frequency-measuring ruler, the frequency combs themselves can excite target transitions (direct f

273 n alternative platform for optical frequency combs, though almost all in 100 GHz frequencies or more.

274 tunable electrical oscillator to create dual combs through phase modulation of two optical signals th

275 oupling a high-power near-infrared frequency comb to a robust femtosecond enhancement cavity.

276 we leverage variation in the Drosophila sex comb to address this question.

277 Males use the comb to grasp females during copulation, and ablation ex

278 ut of Odontotermes formosanus and its fungus comb to investigate the spatial organization, establishm

279 rate such a clock using an optical frequency comb to self-reference a Ramsey-Borde atom interferomete

280 zers, atomic force microscopy, and molecular combing to apply forces on purified Tfp, we demonstrate

281 ut schizogony, using DNA fibre labelling and combing to visualise replication forks at a single-molec

282 onstrate a novel approach of using frequency combs to perform rapid, high resolution and background f

283 ing, functional variants contributing to sex comb tooth number.

284 open a path for multifunctional technologies combing transparent electronics, flexible electronics an

285 Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on

286 oral therapy (CBT), and FLX/CBT combination (COMB) vs pill placebo in 439 adolescents with major depr

287 We demonstrate that the comb walls are continuously strengthened and stiffened w

288 Rotated sex combs were lost in the ananassae species subgroup and su

289 r (as B. patagiatus ganjsuensis Skorikov, n. comb.), whereas the orange-tailed bees in Japan are true

290 e the Lyot loop filter, an optical frequency comb with 12 different comb spacings is achieved, which

291 The combination of a laser frequency comb with a Fabry-Perot filtering cavity has been sugges

292 ate a mid-IR quantum cascade laser frequency comb with a high power output and narrow beatnote linewi

293 ort a low-phase-noise on-chip Kerr frequency comb with mode spacing compatible with high-speed silico

294 and high resolution of an optical frequency comb with the high detection sensitivity provided by a h

295 ort the fabrication of such a filtered laser comb with up to 40-GHz (approximately 1-A) line spacing,

296 pproach to generate robust optical frequency comb with varying free spectral range (FSR) spacing in a

297 resonance ((1)H-NMR) metabolomics techniques combing with multivariate statistical analysis.

298 e that broadband phase-locked Kerr frequency combs with flat and smooth spectra can be generated by p

299 he exploitation of integrated Kerr frequency combs, with their ability to generate multiple, customiz

300 selection changes the number of bristles per comb without a proportional change in the space availabl