ライフサイエンスコーパス: compensated

1 ata suggest that the uplift is isostatically compensated.

2 for sex chromosomes which tend to be dosage compensated.

3 duplications (>50 Mb) are more often dosage compensated.

4 fects observed in the naive mutant mice were compensated.

5 etumoral defects-latency and tumor load-were compensated.

6 ereas 5.4% had cirrhosis but were clinically compensated.

7 ation of Atp6v1b1 were reported to exhibit a compensated acidosis and normal hearing.

8 Patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) can s

9 In patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD), the

10 exoribonuclease of the cytoplasmic exosome, compensated AGO1 partial deficiency and restored S-PTGS

11 evidence that these rhythms are temperature-compensated and can be re-entrained after phase changes

12 ng on outcomes of HCV incidence, prevalence, compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular

13 bility of SOF and SMV with or without RBV in compensated and decompensated patients with cirrhosis wi

14 ssociated with resistance mutations could be compensated and greater phenotypic plasticity could be a

15 idity minimizes the risk that phenotypes are compensated and that secondary, non-specific defects acc

16 RV free wall tissues from rats with normal, compensated, and decompensated RV hypertrophy, carefully

17 rticularly when these individuals are poorly compensated, and it shows that it is essential that HCWs

18 of Sox6(-/-) red blood cells, resulting in a compensated anemia.

19 able memories have been realized using fully compensated antiferromagnetic metals.

20 t that changes in ionic pathway densities in compensated aortic banding rats maintain Ca(2+) function

21 ct of segmental aneuploidy can be moderately compensated at the mRNA level - aneuploid gene expressio

22 the dose effect of aneuploidy can be further compensated at the translational level.

23 nd early myocardial hypertrophy with largely compensated baseline cardiac function.

24 d that Z-linked gene expression is partially compensated between sexes in chickens.

25 hich the confinement of each lattice beam is compensated by a blue-detuned laser beam.

26 chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons, and may be compensated by a change in Rbfox2 expression.

27 rarefaction inside the plasma center can be compensated by a gas stream application.

28 with an ISM, the negative potential drift is compensated by a positive potential drift related to the

29 A significant reduction of GLS could be compensated by a small increase of GCS or wall thickness

30 pensation behavior, i.e., most of donors are compensated by acceptors or vice versa, is self-regulate

31 s on disease course in this model and is not compensated by Ag-specific Th1 cells.

32 e that the surface is positively charged and compensated by an attendant negative space-charge zone.

33 versus FGR mean, -21.5% [SD, 1.16]; P<0.001) compensated by an increased circumferential strain and w

34 Reduced insulin sensitivity was compensated by an increased insulin response to glucose,

35 for photosynthesis and growth and cannot be compensated by any other AEF or anoxic metabolic respons

36 aging than the virus infection and could be compensated by applying a 5x higher dose of DEET.

37 emia with reticulocytosis that was partially compensated by avid extramedullary erythropoiesis at all

38 from the 1970s to 2000s may be substantially compensated by benthic PP, which increased by up to 190%

39 ature-induced changes in neural networks are compensated by changing their neuromodulatory state: act

40 in the edge energy of scalloped membranes is compensated by concomitant decrease in the deformation e

41 the polymer backbone in these materials are compensated by covalently bonded counter-ions.

42 -antigen of the gtr(BTP) (1) mutant was also compensated by deletion of the BTP1 phage tailspike gene

43 Increased pathway flux was not compensated by enhanced generation of long-chain apocaro

44 orm by 50 kJ mol(-1) which must be more than compensated by enhanced hydrogen bonding.

45 rties (e.g. increasing stem sizes) are often compensated by equal magnitude decreases caused by other

46 in an additive way (e.g., little time can be compensated by extra attention or extra stimulus intensi

47 ype of the DeltacobB mutant can be partially compensated by further increase of intracellular TopA le

48 t the structural orders with low entropy are compensated by high formation energies due to the pressu

49 mall changes in hydration status are readily compensated by homeostatic mechanisms has been little st

50 This indicates a decrease in solvent entropy compensated by increased conformational entropy, possibl

51 pression in UCP1-KO mice, and loss of SLN is compensated by increased expression of UCP1 and browning

52 The functional isolation was compensated by increased feedback excitation within CA1,

53 with terminus-proximal dusB-fis operons was compensated by increased fis expression such that the in

54 Emerging insulin resistance is normally compensated by increased insulin production of pancreati

55 The BP cluster was compensated by interactions involving unpaired cytosines

56 Yet the inefficiency of the ON cell is compensated by its presynaptic arrays providing a higher

57 The impact of these drawbacks can be partly compensated by manual work that becomes inefficient when

58 ((13)C) in the Martian atmosphere, partially compensated by moderate carbonate precipitation.

59 a sub-optimal form (GUG or UUG) tends to be compensated by mutations in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence

60 Weak binding sites are compensated by optimal syntax, whereas enhancers contain

61 n and water movement induces swelling if not compensated by other processes.

62 ll state of charge, lithium removal is fully compensated by oxygen only, as the iron and antimony are

63 The quantity of charge compensated by oxygen removal and by the formation of el

64 ocess, we found that charge is also actively compensated by rare-earth and alkaline-earth metal ions

65 es charge in-neutrality in the GONR which is compensated by releasing *OH functional groups.

66 ergy dissipated by the vibrations is usually compensated by replenishment from external energy source

67 n can cause dNTP imbalances, which cannot be compensated by RNR or other enzymatic activities.

68 trengthening of the strongest storms will be compensated by storm tracks moving offshore at the latit

69 The new phase contains excess copper, charge compensated by systematic hydroxyl groups, which leads t

70 the impact of this model error is partially compensated by the absence of the positive SST anomalies

71 indicate that the decreasing temperature was compensated by the accelerated drying trends of soil moi

72 ficient PTI-mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell-wall-trig

73 This monogenic situation is compensated by the differential expression of two altern

74 tion to oxygen loss, Li(+) removal is charge compensated by the formation of localized electron holes

75 is generally undetectable, being effectively compensated by the gene-by-gene evolutionary recruitment

76 ased delivery in these tumors, an effect not compensated by the improved vessel quality.

77 This negative effect is partially compensated by the stabilizing C60-C60 interactions that

78 In Dictyostelium discoideum, loss of SCAR is compensated by WASP moving to the leading edge to genera

79 d n-type doped, respectively, whereas dopant-compensated CH3NH3PbBr2.94Cl0.06 alloy has over tenfold

80 levels observed in T. miscellus, but similar compensated changes were observed.

81 were at least 20 years of age diagnosed with compensated CHB.

82 anus gardneri is controlled by a temperature-compensated circadian clock, the result of cycles in con

83 ve cohort study of 444 patients with HCV and compensated cirrhosis (218 with stage 1 and 226 with sta

84 Among 40,512 patients with HCV compensated cirrhosis (98% male; median age, 56 y), 2802

85 us (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) who have: * genotyp

86 ection without cirrhosis (cohort 1) and with compensated cirrhosis (cohort 2) and patients with genot

87 l) over time in percentages of patients with compensated cirrhosis (decreases in percentages of patie

88 or 4 (n = 2); they had advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis (FibroScan, 9.6-70 kPa; cirrhosis,

89 patients with advanced fibrosis (n = 14) or compensated cirrhosis (n = 36).

90 ction with prior treatment experience and/or compensated cirrhosis achieved high SVR12 rates followin

91 r patients with HCV genotype 4 infection and compensated cirrhosis and might not be necessary for thi

92 ent the development of varices in those with compensated cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PHT).

93 hemodynamic profile of each stage of PHT in compensated cirrhosis and the response to beta-blockers

94 ed treatment-naive patients with and without compensated cirrhosis at 15 sites in Canada.

95 ed with HCV genotypes 1 or 3 with or without compensated cirrhosis at 2 centers in New Zealand, from

96 Fourteen (27%) had compensated cirrhosis at baseline, and 47 (92%) had non-

97 modynamic were measured in 273 patients with compensated cirrhosis before and after intravenous propr

98 comes of individuals aged 50 years with well-compensated cirrhosis entering surveillance.

99 We identified patients with compensated cirrhosis from January 1996 through December

100 ive study of patients with HCV infection and compensated cirrhosis included in the CirVir cohort who

101 t-line therapy to patients with HCC and well-compensated cirrhosis instead of primary LT because it m

102 stry, statin use among patients with HCV and compensated cirrhosis is associated with a more than 40%

103 atocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with compensated cirrhosis is debated.

104 cal decompensation) of patients with HCC and compensated cirrhosis treated with surgery according to

105 CSPH on the outcome of HCC in patients with compensated cirrhosis treated with surgery.

106 Patients with compensated cirrhosis were randomly assigned (1:1) to re

107 d patients with HCV genotype 4 infection and compensated cirrhosis were recruited from academic, publ

108 naive or treatment-experienced patients with compensated cirrhosis were treated with G/P for 12 or 16

109 ated 592 patients-48 with genotype 2 HCV and compensated cirrhosis who had not achieved SVR with prev

110 ment, and the effectiveness of antivirals in compensated cirrhosis with low-level viremia.

111 peginterferon and ribavirin (50% could have compensated cirrhosis) (cohort 3).

112 out previous treatment, including those with compensated cirrhosis, 12 weeks of treatment with sofosb

113 Results In patients with compensated cirrhosis, 40% (129 of 326) experienced deco

114 ction with prior treatment experience and/or compensated cirrhosis, a patient population with limited

115 twenty patients with ACLF, 20 patients with compensated cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls were stud

116 notype 1 or 4 HCV infection, with or without compensated cirrhosis, and with an estimated glomerular

117 notype 1 or 4 HCV infection, with or without compensated cirrhosis, and with an estimated glomerular

118 liver related or not, occur in patients with compensated cirrhosis, but their respective burden remai

119 6%-98% of patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, by 85%-88% of patients with moder

120 In compensated cirrhosis, exercise acutely increases portal

121 ospective study of 444 patients with HCV and compensated cirrhosis, HCV eradication reduced risk for

122 steatohepatitis [NASH], NASH-fibrosis, NASH-compensated cirrhosis, NASH-decompensated cirrhosis, hep

123 d May 4, 2016, we enrolled 146 patients with compensated cirrhosis, of whom 48 (33%) had genotype 1a

124 ontrolled pilot study enrolled patients with compensated cirrhosis, portal hypertension (hepatic veno

125 CV-infected population, including those with compensated cirrhosis, previous treatment with an interf

126 hepatitis C virus infection, with or without compensated cirrhosis, who were treatment-naive or were

127 -6 (HCV RNA >/=10 000 IU/mL) with or without compensated cirrhosis.

128 and HIV-1 coinfection, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

129 ction, 69% were treatment naive, and 15% had compensated cirrhosis.

130 ith HCV genotype 4 infection with or without compensated cirrhosis.

131 ts with genotype 1 HCV, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

132 ction, 69% were treatment naive, and 15% had compensated cirrhosis.

133 fe and effective in patients with or without compensated cirrhosis.

134 Ten patients (23%) had compensated cirrhosis.

135 s with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and compensated cirrhosis.

136 n patients with HCV genotype 4 infection and compensated cirrhosis.

137 and 3 with HCV genotype 6), with or without compensated cirrhosis.

138 ensation and survival times in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

139 (RBV) in GT1- or GT3-infected patients with compensated cirrhosis.

140 oma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C (HCV)-compensated cirrhosis.

141 -experienced patients, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

142 type 1 or 3 infections, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

143 of HCV genotype 4 infection in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

144 pe 2, 3, 4, or 6 infections, with or without compensated cirrhosis.

145 otype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

146 , 4, 5, or 6 infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

147 pe 1 hepatitis C virus, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

148 Overall, 219 patients (37%) had compensated cirrhosis.

149 onic HCV genotypes 1-4, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

150 n patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and compensated cirrhosis.

151 s with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and compensated cirrhosis.

152 HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection and compensated cirrhosis.

153 itis C virus infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis.

154 05 (95%) had subtype 3a HCV and 39 (35%) had compensated cirrhosis.

155 ve-treatment groups, 46% of the patients had compensated cirrhosis.

156 HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection and compensated cirrhosis.

157 s with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and compensated cirrhosis.

158 through 4 (83% with genotype 1), and 14% had compensated cirrhosis; 98% were receiving antiretroviral

159 titis B patients, particularly in those with compensated cirrhosis; older age (especially >/=50 years

160 From observational studies among compensated cirrhotic hepatitis C patients treated with

161 In compensated cirrhotics with early hepatocellular carcino

162 We reasoned that the time-compensated compass mechanism that enables solar orienta

163 uantitative features in the designed charged compensated complexes are conserved as anions, these mol

164 lt muscle homeostasis and in developmentally compensated contexts.

165 After 4 wk, hygroscopic expansion compensated cuspal flexure in a compomer (Compoglass) an

166 nic HCV infection of any genotype and either compensated/decompensated cirrhosis or posttransplantati

167 Although our self-compensated doped polymers superficially resemble self-d

168 ght to understand how loss of UCP1 or SLN is compensated during cold exposure and whether they are bo

169 Yet, these two fluxes compensated each other to a large extent and led to the

170 Bi and LaSb originates from a combination of compensated electron-hole pockets and a particular orbit

171 associated with increased food intake but is compensated for after the intervention, resulting in no

172 estabilizing effects of these mutations were compensated for by a subset of the affinity mutations th

173 Although its loss is compensated for by alternative signaling activation mech

174 This local mechanical deficit may be compensated for by an alteration of motor commands from

175 ory input and that distance from the soma is compensated for by an increase in synaptic density.

176 The lack of FLVs was partially compensated for by an increased cyclic electron transpor

177 vely, a decrease in neuronal matter could be compensated for by an upregulation of GABAA receptors.

178 hether lack of nsp1 in gammacoronaviruses is compensated for by another viral protein.

179 and higher blood pressure, which seem to be compensated for by augmentation of atrial pump function.

180 is largely unbiased because biases in T are compensated for by biases in Vk* and N.

181 stitutive inactivation of PHD2 were strongly compensated for by concomitant inactivation of HIF-2alph

182 ial regulatory inputs from BMP2 that are not compensated for by cWnt signaling, and this is mediated

183 The prolonged separation time was compensated for by fewer pretreatment steps.

184 Loss of functional Y-linked genes is partly compensated for by gene-specific up-regulation of X-link

185 that metabolic substrate abnormalities were compensated for by increased mitochondrial mass.

186 lymphoid-primed MPP4s, which appeared to be compensated for by increased MPP4 proliferation.

187 proaches that lack of the V-ATPase cannot be compensated for by increased V-PPase activity.

188 s associated with shorter thin filaments was compensated for by increasing the number of sarcomeres i

189 responses about the present stimulus can be compensated for by large numbers of neurons.

190 in embryonic and postnatal development were compensated for by loss of HAI-1, indicating that prosta

191 ecreased between-network connectivity may be compensated for by older adults' richer knowledge base.

192 interaction (and potential bridging) can be compensated for by other factors, candidate repair facto

193 sodium transport along the nephron cannot be compensated for by other sodium channels and/or transpor

194 n megakaryopoiesis, which cannot be entirely compensated for by RUNX1B overexpression.

195 ubunits in B cell homeostasis that cannot be compensated for by the canonical NF-kappaB pathway under

196 ost through differentiation and that this is compensated for by the duplication of neighbours, leadin

197 unprecedented loss of this important gene is compensated for by the expression of the noradrenaline t

198 ool of PE produced by Psd1p, which cannot be compensated for by the other cellular PE metabolic pathw

199 matin environment, a function that cannot be compensated for by the other transcription factors.

200 -meter layer of the Pacific Ocean was mainly compensated for by warming in the 100- to 300-meter laye

201 We concluded that RBF compensated for decreases in arterial oxygen content for

202 ons specifically at delta frequencies (2 Hz) compensated for deficits in temporal control of action c

203 The ER-associated degradation machinery compensated for disturbed homeostasis of complex compone

204 ed sideways on crosswinds, but most strongly compensated for drift when near the Atlantic coast.

205 pment of caudal notochord derivatives and is compensated for in its other expression domains.

206 nd/or changes in biomass allocation may have compensated for increasing evaporative demand, leaving r

207 flexible acetals can be up to 200-fold when compensated for inductive effects.

208 levels via exogenous, cloned-gene expression compensated for inefficient B protein binding, as did su

209 ions of many components so that these arrays compensated for limitation in cross-reactivity of MIPs.

210 , greater recruitment of low-elevation seeds compensated for longer dispersal distances to treeline,

211 function ability, suggesting that bilinguals compensated for lower levels of cognitive control by rec

212 seases of public health importance" and were compensated for participation.

213 n increase in replication origin firing that compensated for reduced fork progression.

214 apacity per volume of adipose tissue exactly compensated for the decrease in fat mass during weight l

215 nce that the Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) compensated for the inactivation of NDCBE.

216 s in which increased chymosin concentrations compensated for the inhibition, demonstrated that other

217 I mutation amplified chromatin tethering and compensated for the loss of chromatin binding of p12 PM1

218 sylation efficiency, and Cys, in particular, compensated for the negative effect of Arg at the i-2 po

219 activity increased spring carbon uptake and compensated for the reduced uptake during the summer dro

220 of the aspartate-arginosuccinate shunt that compensated for this break.

221 r basal P-selectin in Selp(KI) (/) (KI) mice compensated for this defect.

222 leavage, while a Val1052-to-Glu substitution compensated for this effect by reducing the basal protea

223 at these changes are larger than what can be compensated for through density-dependent responses.

224 icating that in blood EPT1 inactivity may be compensated for, in part, via alternate biochemical path

225 determines the object velocities that can be compensated for.

226 s, suggesting that introductions could have 'compensated' for extinctions.

227 Compensated genes were overrepresented in developmental

228 naprevir plus daclatasvir is appropriate for compensated genotype 1b HCV if baseline NS5A mutations a

229 he population modeled was restricted to well-compensated HCV(+) cirrhotics listed for liver transplan

230 be the most cost-effective strategy for well-compensated HCV-infected cirrhotics listed for liver tra

231 e beginning of the pacing protocol or during compensated heart failure.

232 and then internal ion-exchange to give self-compensated heavily doped polymers.

233 ption between X and autosomes: expression of compensated hermaphrodite X-linked transgenes is half th

234 ibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a velocity compensated, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) spoi

235 intrinsic 7.35 degrees angular gap could be compensated homogeneously through phase transformation o

236 Adult clinically compensated HVC patients were consecutively recruited be

237 ts (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.62-1.88) and compensated hypercapnia (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-

238 n dioxide levels (normocapnia and normal pH, compensated hypercapnia [normal pH with elevated carbon

239 Patients with compensated hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis had hig

240 spective study aimed to assess the impact of compensated hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis in pati

241 iated with increased hospital mortality than compensated hypercapnia or normocapnia.

242 atients (normocapnia and normal pH, 110,104; compensated hypercapnia, 20,463; and hypercapnic acidosi

243 io increased by 88% (n = 4, P < 0.01) during compensated hypertrophy but decreased significantly duri

244 hannel open probability, and this defect was compensated in dKO mice.

245 growth during postozonation treatment partly compensated inactivation of MRB, and intracellular sul1

246 ial for the G1/S transition, while Cdk1 only compensated its function in the absence of Cdk2.

247 nd early expression of a low-avidity epitope compensated its weak intrinsic antigenicity, resulting i

248 Further refinement of the compensated lattice may produce even lower temperatures

249 cells the deficiency of CD98hc/xCT cannot be compensated, leading to cell death by ferroptosis.

250 ree UK hospitals and recruited patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and MELD scores of 11.0-15.5

251 e for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in well-compensated liver cirrhosis.

252 ver diseases including chronic hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis.

253 e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 infection and also had compensated liver disease (with or without cirrhosis) wi

254 tive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with compensated liver disease started on ETV monotherapy (0.

255 titis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection and compensated liver disease that related to the standard o

256 ears) with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection, compensated liver disease, and plasma HCV RNA higher tha

257 n of coordinated gene regulation: the dosage-compensated male X chromosome.

258 ach providing respiratory and cardiac motion-compensated MR and PET images in less than 5 min.

259 id registration algorithm and used in motion-compensated MR and PET reconstructions to improve image

260 s of several pockets originating from fairly compensated multi-band electronic structure, in full acc

261 d-echo MR imaging and three-dimensional flow-compensated multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging

262 east cells and find that the activity of the compensated network is significantly lower in noise comp

263 icantly lower in noise compared with the non-compensated network.

264 We reach these low temperatures using a compensated optical lattice technique, in which the conf

265 classical perception of cirrhosis as either compensated or decompensated and the recent, more comple

266 Among the full cohort with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis, 61% (504 of 830)

267 ion, improve liver function in patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis, and delay or obv

268 and deteriorated PS predicts the best PSS in compensated patients, thereby setting the stage for both

269 struction process to produce a single motion-compensated PET image.

270 es on identification of MSU crystals under a compensated polarized light microscope (CPLM) in synovia

271 ring storage in water but had not completely compensated polymerization shrinkage after 4 wk.

272 elatively small sample size and stable, well-compensated population.

273 label pilot study, we enrolled patients with compensated recurrent HCV infection of any genotype afte

274 is utilized rarely in diabetic patients with compensated renal function.

275 ammalian cells and non-circadian temperature-compensated respiratory oscillations in budding yeast.

276 rom humans with normal RV (n=17), those with compensated RV hypertrophy (n=8), and patients with PAH

277 Compared with RV tissues from patients with compensated RV hypertrophy, patients with decompensated

278 In six well-compensated, stable, alcoholic patients with cirrhosis a

279 This indicates that Ceres is isostatically compensated, such that topographic highs are supported b

280 mple, the Monarch butterfly possesses a time-compensated sun compass dependent upon a circadian clock

281 The main orientation mechanism uses a time-compensated sun compass during both the migration south

282 Reflectance-compensated SVC VD measurement by PR-OCTA detected glauc

283 evaluate the energy of five different charge-compensated Tc(IV) incorporation scenarios in goethite.

284 d CHWs to use the smartphone application and compensated them based on performance.

285 ies of the central oscillator can be in part compensated through fluctuations in abundance and out-of

286 uch as pollinators or seed dispersers may be compensated through increased interactions with remainin

287 a negligible loss of active sites which was compensated through the effective generation of active s

288 l density and promotes the transition from a compensated to a decompensated RV in PAH.

289 ber remodeling, halting the progression from compensated to decompensated heart failure.

290 ique in this role because no other organisms compensated to maintain bait removal rate in their absen

291 CHWs should be compensated, trained, and well supervised.

292 Fibre nonlinearities can be effectively compensated using digital back-propagation (DBP).

293 ll explained half of deaths in patients with compensated VC.

294 fect of E2F7/8 inactivation can be partially compensated via E2F1-dependent apoptosis.

295 whole spectrum of complications occurring in compensated viral cirrhosis (VC) using competing risks a

296 ns) and that the surface potential is better compensated when counterion crowding happens.

297 of somatosensation is altered and partially compensated with a change in the relative weight of soma

298 hange in the activity of the primary ion, is compensated with a corresponding but opposite change in

299 This can be compensated with an increase of the electron source outp

300 ency PDs (>2 per second) may be inadequately compensated without an additional rise in CBF and associ

301 Dosage-compensated X chromosomes consist of self-interacting do