ライフサイエンスコーパス: confound

1 ed emotional CSDS (ES), that eliminates this confound.

2 and continuous magnitudes reside in stimulus confounds.

3 sant exposure during pregnancy may have been confounded.

4 the absence of HCC (SLK-A) groups to reduce confounding.

5 med on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding.

6 he studies appeared to adequately adjust for confounding.

7 stimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding.

8 lings with which to control for family-level confounding.

9 tical and methodologic controls for familial confounding.

10 wever, may not have adequately accounted for confounding.

11 ratio weights were used to control measured confounding.

12 OR was small, and we cannot exclude residual confounding.

13 rol for unmeasured environmental and genetic confounding.

14 ive control outcome to partially correct for confounding.

15 ame odds ratios when correctly adjusting for confounding.

16 tributable to reverse epidemiology, bias, or confounding.

17 s would change in the presence of unmeasured confounding.

18 Controlling for confounding, a history of asthma was significantly assoc

19 than environmental factors, which are often confounded across studies.

20 od: Genomic Mediation analysis with Adaptive Confounding adjustment (GMAC).

21 e stochastic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) confounds allele-specific epigenomic profiling.

22 ineage admixture in the introduced range can confound allocations inferred from mixture models, a cav

23 After controlling for confounding, among smokers in the 2014 BRFSS, trying to

24 tions exhibit large clonal variance that can confound analyses and undermine reproducibility.

25 as those that occur in tumor cells, that can confound analysis using short reads.

26 sets, more knowledge about the factors that confound and modify the effects of climate on health, an

27 fects models may be biased due to unmeasured confounding and measurement and methodological limitatio

28 the outcome (given modeled variables) absent confounding and other model misspecification, and 2) ass

29 actors are inconsistent, probably because of confounding and reverse causality.

30 hese results as causal because both residual confounding and reverse causation could explain these re

31 iple analyses attempting to address residual confounding and reverse causation.

32 However, observational data are prone to confounding and reverse causation.

33 on (MR) methodology to control bias owing to confounding and reverse causation.

34 spore counts while controlling for potential confounding and testing interactions.

35 ty of this approach when there is unmeasured confounding and/or bidirectional effects between the ris

36 easurement error that could lead to residual confounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation

37 n the basis of numerosity when non-numerical confounds are controlled.

38 Here, we identified confounding artifacts that, when avoided, allowed develo

39 ter ecosystems, however, is largely unknown, confounding assessments of their role in the global N-cy

40 To account for unmeasured confounding associated with noninvasive ventilation use,

41 However, vaccine development has been confounded because of HCV's high degree of antigenic var

42 statistical questions, closely separates the confounding between 'linkage' and 'QTL effect', makes a

43 mediation analyses challenging and prone to confounding bias, particularly when conducted among dive

44 ative control exposures to further attenuate confounding bias.

45 inct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confounded both Charles Darwin, who first discovered the

46 connected with households, and the second is confounded by abandonment mode and other factors.

47 These associations can be confounded by cellular heterogeneity.

48 e of procedures, including those potentially confounded by concomitant procedures, and frequency, nat

49 ing of virions leading to infection has been confounded by defective, noninfectious particles and the

50 hma (SA) and nonsevere asthma (NONSA) may be confounded by differential adherence or incorrect use of

51 sequencing provides information that is not confounded by genotypic or phenotypic heterogeneity of b

52 Interpretation of serial tests is confounded by immunological and technical variability.

53 rolled laboratory conditions, which were not confounded by large meals.

54 To ensure kinetics measurements are not confounded by mass transport limitations, we employed We

55 s unclear to what extent this association is confounded by maternal characteristics.

56 mortality after clozapine discontinuation is confounded by nonadherence and other unobserved factors

57 interrogation of genome function, but can be confounded by nuclease-induced toxicity at both on- and

58 s with high uncertainties, and are typically confounded by other drivers of change.

59 men with CVD or hypertension at baseline are confounded by postrandomization use of cholesterol-lower

60 ral surgery for trauma or malignancy, and is confounded by potential concomitant blood transfusion.

61 Numerosity is inherently confounded by related stimulus attributes such as densit

62 tcrossing relatives, where inferences may be confounded by secondary mutations that arose after the i

63 tary explanations for these associations are confounded by socioeconomic, cultural, and lifestyle pat

64 f the founder fibroblast cells without being confounded by the artifacts of single-cell whole-genome

65 surrogate of acute myocardial infarction and confounded by the choice of anesthesia, hypothermia, car

66 rtico-thalamic pathways is limited, possibly confounded by the effect of anesthesia, small regional s

67 However, clinical decision-making is confounded by the fact that although LAAC attenuates the

68 utated (or undermutated) genes is completely confounded by the genomic heterogeneity of cancer mutati

69 the identification of beneficial alleles is confounded by the presence of genetically linked hitchhi

70 interpreting results from genetic testing is confounded by the presence of variants of unknown signif

71 The MTT assay was confounded by the reduction of the MTT reagent by honey'

72 data (Zrs), however interpretation has been confounded by the simultaneous presence of multiple coex

73 e observed ribosome profile is fundamentally confounded by transcriptional activity.

74 estimates from observational studies can be confounded by unrelated changes in healthcare utilizatio

75 h subclinical vascular impairment and is not confounded by various cardiometabolic risk factors.

76 regression was used to adjust for potential confounding by a wide range of factors.

77 ever this association may be due to residual confounding by BMI or another confounder.

78 ensity score-matched analyses to account for confounding by clinician and by patient-level characteri

79 CVD or death but also gave no indication of confounding by disability, comorbidities or lifestyle fa

80 ronic kidney disease, and active cancer, but confounding by drug use needs to be followed up.

81 t the association may be related to residual confounding by healthy lifestyle or body mass index (BMI

82 in limitation of this study is that residual confounding by household wealth of the observed associat

83 We used a propensity score to minimize confounding by indication of treatment and capacity to a

84 y unmeasured patient preferences" (a type of confounding by indication) and has implications for asse

85 design does not eliminate the potential for confounding by indication, these findings do not support

86 Confounding by parental socioeconomic status explained l

87 lear to what extent the association reflects confounding by smoking, underlying illness, or comorbid

88 This may lead to "confounding by unmeasured patient preferences" (a type o

89 The latter procedure reduces confounding by unobserved parental characteristics that

90 ies suggest the opposite, most likely due to confounding by UV exposure.

91 mass of bacterial DNA per sample to exclude confounding by varying amounts of plaque per site.

92 es via a generalized linear mixed model when confounding can be encoded via a single variance compone

93 Although residual confounding cannot be ruled out, our findings indicate a

94 cular by using platelet-poor plasma to avoid confounding caused by residual platelets in plasma or by

95 e describe may enable investigators to avoid confounding chemistry-based associations and reporting b

96 portunity to study hallucinations apart from confounding clinical factors, thus allowing for the iden

97 ed FA (Mann-Whitney U, P = 0.037) as well as confounding completely the effect of FA on multivariate

98 ns, the dry run often improved assessment of confounding control, compared with the C statistic and g

99 Its ability to form dormant liver stages confounds control and elimination efforts.

100 aning of host immunity, but bias or residual confounding could explain these findings.

101 Studies were heterogeneous, and confounding could not be excluded.

102 Residual confounding could not be ruled out because of the use of

103 ng chi-squared tests to identify potentially confounding covariates, and logistic regression models w

104 atin C appeared to confer adverse prognosis, confounding creatinine interpretation in isolation.

105 specific contributions to the FSCV data that confound data analysis.

106 usting for Elixhauser index, hyperlipidemia, confounding drugs, and surgery type, odds ratio for blee

107 Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding due to age, sex, smoking, race and socio-eco

108 We are unable to exclude confounding due to other events occurring around the tim

109 ver, some family-based designs are robust to confounding due to population admixture or substructure.

110 situation in the presence of possible double confounding due to population stratification and adaptat

111 y population, and the potential for residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.

112 r parameter estimation that accounts for the confounding effect of background selection.

113 The potential confounding effect of different amounts and proportions

114 of stiffnesses in a single well without the confounding effect of differential cell migration.

115 a framework for estimating and removing the confounding effect of RNA quality in differential expres

116 To handle the confounding effect of SCT that could occur in patients w

117 ed odds ratios (ORs) and to control possible confounding effects among variables.

118 However, the presence of complex hidden confounding effects in biological systems can make media

119 Controlling for confounding effects in scRNAseq data is a crucial step f

120 can examine multiple brain networks without confounding effects of cognitive ability, which makes th

121 ely as a result of ageing, unaffected by the confounding effects of inactivity.

122 he susceptibility of these signatures to the confounding effects of ITH using gene expression microar

123 ntributes to E. coli suppression without the confounding effects of restricted phage diffusion.

124 After taking account of the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, ethnic min

125 ably stratify CRC patients by minimising the confounding effects of stromal-derived ITH.

126 esults show that it is possible to avoid the confounding effects of surface contamination and systema

127 tion and inflammation are present because of confounding effects of the acute-phase response on the i

128 electivity of the methods and revealed a few confounding effects such as in-source fragments.

129 has been considered in addition to potential confounding effects that arise from the comparison of st

130 ations for the beauty premium, have too many confounding effects, and lack crucial information.

131 echnique, is susceptible to the influence of confounding effects.

132 Biological variability has confounded efforts to confirm the role of PREX2 mutation

133 ic comorbidity complicates clinical care and confounds efforts to elucidate the pathophysiology of co

134 ips may arise from genetic and environmental confounding (eg, preexisting vulnerabilities).

135 es, or BTEX), and account for the effects of confounding environmental factors when teasing out the r

136 causality to assess whether omitted variable confounding existed.

137 Our findings both confirm and confound expectations for ectotherm species affected by

138 comparable performance to other mixed model confounding factor analysis methods when identifying suc

139 uch broad impact eQTL, we introduce CONFETI: Confounding Factor Estimation Through Independent compon

140 nalysis, whereas disease severity might be a confounding factor for the meta-analysis.

141 stacle to cancer treatment and a significant confounding factor in bulk-tumor profiling.

142 eating effects are a previously unrecognized confounding factor in establishing the antimicrobial act

143 A potentially important confounding factor is the variation in mutation rates be

144 as better performance than other mixed model confounding factor methods when considering broad impact

145 To circumvent this confounding factor, we have generated a new strain of iN

146 luctuations and removed premature birth as a confounding factor.

147 pattern that could not be explained by other confounding factors (e.g. age or release site).

148 ed significant even after adjustment for all confounding factors (hazard ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence

149 e well conducted, some studies had potential confounding factors and absence of comparator groups.

150 A multivariable analysis adjusting for confounding factors and the clustering of consultants re

151 is studies controlling for several potential confounding factors are required to better characterize

152 ore one driver at a time and control as many confounding factors as possible.

153 Several confounding factors could have influenced and limited ou

154 ia, however, remains uncertain, and reflects confounding factors in earlier assessments that were lar

155 Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional l

156 Confounding factors linked to hemodynamic status can gre

157 Confounding factors may relate to stringency of inflamma

158 y charged microdroplets, leading to multiple confounding factors potentially influencing reaction rat

159 esponse dynamics, even while controlling for confounding factors such as body temperature.

160 ry feature of the diseases or is a result of confounding factors such as medication and agonal state.

161 halmitis is greater in these patients due to confounding factors such as pre-existing ocular diseases

162 his discrepancy could include influence from confounding factors such as use of RA medication, select

163 After adjusting for confounding factors using a generalized linear Poisson m

164 ents and mental health after controlling for confounding factors were resettlement related stressors,

165 However, when adjusted for confounding factors, African American subjects were more

166 After adjustment for confounding factors, cervical anastomosis was associated

167 After adjusting for confounding factors, females had a 64% increased risk of

168 rrection for multiple testing (P<7.3e-5) and confounding factors, including drug therapy, and renal a

169 tid IMT while adjusting for several possible confounding factors, including the metabolic syndrome.

170 to nonrepresentative subjects and potential confounding factors, including varying severity of illne

171 ucoma, OHT and GLD) correcting for potential confounding factors, IOP and age.

172 After adjustment for potential confounding factors, Middle East respiratory syndrome wa

173 Adjusting for confounding factors, restrictive transfusion protocols i

174 After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with birth weight <2500 g

175 nformation on treatment with medications and confounding factors, such as substance use, previous adv

176 be imprecise and may not consider potential confounding factors, such as treatment with medication a

177 On multivariable analysis accounting for confounding factors, the boost remained significantly as

178 To reduce confounding factors, this original demonstration used co

179 at adjusts for both technical and biological confounding factors, we find that TP53, EP300, and NFE2L

180 Controlling for various confounding factors, we noted that annual mortality amon

181 dimensional sparse data as well as to adjust confounding factors, without the need of the assumption

182 sequencing depth, as well as the presence of confounding factors.

183 for other reasons, minimizing the effect of confounding factors.

184 d with clinical outcomes after adjusting for confounding factors.

185 rietal association areas after adjusting for confounding factors.

186 nsity score matching were used to adjust for confounding factors.

187 Both models were controlled for confounding factors.

188 c quantification methods and the presence of confounding factors.

189 women receiving MHT, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

190 nter status and patient and disease-specific confounding factors.

191 s but light-induced side effects are serious confounding factors.

192 justed for calendar time and other potential confounding factors.

193 lence of T2D with PM2.5 after adjustment for confounding factors.

194 outbred rats also implies a major potential confound for behavioral neuroscience experiments, at lea

195 morphometry approach was used to control for confounding from brain size and research site effects in

196 ude accurately estimating chemical exposure, confounding from causes of both exposure and disease, id

197 ties for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observational studies to lead to associ

198 nce of dementia in a nonlinear way; however, confounding from other factors associated with municipal

199 Responses among anxious animals can be confounded further by neophobia towards novel test envir

200 The half-life and confounding gamma emissions of (52g)Mn are prohibitive t

201 that predated childhood victimization and by confounding genetic and environmental risks.

202 After taking account of these confounds, genetic factors significantly contribute to s

203 rate maps-by subtracting a proportion of the confounding 'ground state'; changed states are objective

204 the evolution of cooperative breeding can be confounded if this process is not considered to include

205 ing the negative control can reduce residual confounding, if our assumptions hold.

206 and the effects of ageing per se without the confounding impact of impaired physical function.

207 tudies because of potential toxicity and the confounding impact of radiotherapy and chemoradiation.

208 of an inaccurate representation of the large confounding impedance of the neuronal membrane.

209 nd functional group richness (FGR) are often confounded in both observational and experimental field

210 caused by object motion and self-motion are confounded in the retinal image.

211 tion and object motion, which are inherently confounded in the retinal image.

212 Methods exist to detect residual confounding in epidemiologic studies.

213 sider the potential contribution of residual confounding in many of the reported studies.

214 package that examines the role of unmeasured confounding in mediation analysis allowing for normally

215 gestational age (BW/GA) in order to minimize confounding in studies of fetal growth and midlife healt

216 ariate balance (PS matching) and controlling confounding in the dry-run analysis (DRS matching).

217 To adjust for time-dependent confounding in these settings, longitudinal targeted max

218 ve bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from oth

219 3(c.753G)strain can be used to eliminate the confounding influence of the Cdh23(c.753A)variant in hea

220 es are inconsistent, possibly because of the confounding influence of variable exposure to cardiovasc

221 study the effects of these variants without confounding influences from wild-type myosin.

222 ults from causal teratogenic effects or from confounding influences shared by smoking and severe ment

223 ntent difference have large effects that can confound interpretation of PaO2/FIO2.

224 ties but specificities tended to be low when confounding is present, and FaST-LMM-EWASher gave the lo

225 In mediation analysis if unmeasured confounding is present, the estimates for the direct and

226 this association is causal or the result of confounding is unknown.

227 ted in bacterial extracts, they have to date confounded isolation.

228 ilized in porous materials in the absence of confounding mass transport artifacts.

229 AT test scores were adjusted for potentially confounding maternal and infant variables, children born

230 n, and activated partial thromboplastin time confounding may interfere with monitoring.

231 here media access and nutritional status are confounded, media is the more likely predictor of body i

232 To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a su

233 ent genotype and PABPN1 overexpression could confound molecular phenotypes.

234 kage enables the user to simulate unmeasured confounding of the exposure-mediator, exposure-outcome,

235 that severe cannabis dependence-without the confounds of any comorbidity-is associated with a defici

236 phenotypes and consequent oral comorbidities confound oral health management.

237 ence of genome editing efficiency that would confound other strategies.

238 , such as percentage of cloud cover, did not confound our results.

239 Of correlational findings that are not confounded, P&N ignore examples that contradict their mo

240 s, even after adjusting for many potentially confounding patient-, event-, and hospital-related facto

241 ate P<0.05, fold change |2|, controlling for confounds) previously associated with behavioral process

242 due to shared genetic or familial lifestyle confounding rather than to intrauterine mechanisms.

243 ore common in high GC-content regions, which confounds real biological signals with unwanted variabil

244 Residual confounding related to study design and the overextrapol

245 r observed associations may reflect residual confounding relating to characteristics of parents who s

246 y parameters (i.e. RNA integrity), thus this confounding relationship was statistically controlled us

247 able models, although evidence of unmeasured confounding remained.

248 ls migrate in response to Ang-1 in vitro has confounded research into its exact role in inflammation

249 e sclerosis (MS) prevalence has continuously confounded researchers, especially in light of male pati

250 and the extent to which this treatment could confound results.

251 nal studies, however, is subject to residual confounding, reverse causation, and bias.

252 In addition, we will discuss the confounding role of pseudocomplication in attribution of

253 beyond coverage of mechanistic biases (e.g., confounding, selection bias, measurement error) to cover

254 ter but previous studies did not control for confounding spatiotemporal factors or investigate the re

255 erative effect of Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage confounds such measurement of genetic dependency, thereb

256 ted with hysterectomy may be due to residual confounding, such as the reasons for hysterectomy.

257 elational and suffers from a serious genetic confound that renders it of little evidentiary value.

258 o adjust for covariates to further eliminate confounding that may originate from cell size and cell c

259 ty of NOACs because of the possible residual confounding that was unmasked with falsification outcome

260 s, and that the Salmonellagtr repertoire may confound the protective efficacy of broad-ranging Salmon

261 key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI.

262 sure to multiple parasites and lifestyle can confound the relationship.

263 in disease onset and progression, which can confound the results of clinical trials.

264 ort data records and atmospheric variability confound the search for early signs of recovery, and cli

265 rbidity or laboratory abnormality that might confound the study results or pose additional risk to th

266 s relied on spatially lateralized responses, confounding the ability to generalize to a more abstract

267 The extent of this damage directly confounds the determination of somatic variants in these

268 nalyses showed that less education partially confounds the risk in widowhood and worse physical healt

269 where genetic and environmental context are confounded, their relative contribution to phenotypic di

270 recurrence in the absence of any potentially confounding therapies.

271 We evaluated confounding through adjustment for neighborhood behavior

272 bias, such as reverse causation and residual confounding, thus limiting our understanding of the effe

273 It is unaffected by factors that confound traditional CFC methods-such as non-stationarit

274 rallelisms in phenotypic traits, which could confound understanding of species relationships and char

275 cations but is likely the result of residual confounding, unmeasured comorbidity, or treatment select

276 sting for measured covariates and unmeasured confounding using family-based designs.

277 ional arsenic exposure while controlling for confounding using the parametric g-formula.

278 obiome data; it allows for the adjustment of confounding variables and accommodates excessive zero ob

279 provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.

280 that prior studies may have been limited by confounding variables or the technique of identifying ey

281 there are important limitations and possible confounding variables to consider.

282 The effect was independent of potential confounding variables, including maternal socioeconomic

283 After controlling for confounding variables, significant linear correlations w

284 Confounding variables, such as donor type and conditioni

285 away performance, travel direction, and team confounding variables, we observed that jet-lag effects

286 ce persisted after controlling for potential confounding variables.

287 ion, suicide attempt, suicide, and potential confounding variables.

288 across populations and with respect to known confounding variables.

289 a multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables.

290 gn leaves open the possibility of unmeasured confounding, we cannot definitively interpret these resu

291 To limit confounding, we constructed a second score based on 13 v

292 trument to minimize the effect of unmeasured confounding, we detected no changes in the odds of morta

293 rimental results in mouse models can also be confounded when researchers do not factor in the effect

294 learning, cached-value errors are typically confounded with errors in the prediction of reward featu

295 ever, the extent to which these controls are confounded with phylogenetic structuring remains unclear

296 e bradycardia and mortality, controlling for confounding with inverse probability treatment weighting

297 To minimize potential confounding with typically observed sex-related differen

298 ential attrition, survival, and time-varying confounding, with nonrespondents retained via proxy asse

299 E-value implies that considerable unmeasured confounding would be needed to explain away an effect es

300 A small E-value implies little unmeasured confounding would be needed to explain away an effect es