ライフサイエンスコーパス: confounder

1 on (controlled for menstrual cycle and other confounders).

2 common cause of mortality and a time-varying confounder.

3 should address the problem of this potential confounder.

4 ue to residual confounding by BMI or another confounder.

5 in the first 6 years of life, adjusting for confounders.

6 ortality rates with adjustment for potential confounders.

7 ts (OR 1.51, 1.43-1.59), after adjusting for confounders.

8 0.18; P=0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders.

9 weight, body mass index, and most potential confounders.

10 ession was performed to adjust for potential confounders.

11 l mortality studies to control for potential confounders.

12 sing a random-effects model that includes IV-confounders.

13 portional hazards models, adjusted for known confounders.

14 conditions, medications, and other potential confounders.

15 G, using year of surgery and other potential confounders.

16 sociodemographic, maternity, and comorbidity confounders.

17 r logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

18 and Cox regression to control for potential confounders.

19 d with greater mortality after adjusting for confounders.

20 viduals, population stratification or hidden confounders.

21 e use of proxy variables to control for some confounders.

22 tion even after adjusting by other potential confounders.

23 and generally limited control for potential confounders.

24 nce interval, 1.08-2.10) after adjusting for confounders.

25 s 8.4%, P = 0.665), even after adjusting for confounders.

26 11-4.67; P=0.02) in blood when corrected for confounders.

27 regression was used to adjust for potential confounders.

28 stic regression model was used to adjust for confounders.

29 nd financial burden, adjusting for potential confounders.

30 equent IBS diagnosis, despite accounting for confounders.

31 regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders.

32 covariates were used to account for relevant confounders.

33 death and transplantation and adjusting for confounders.

34 esearch into potential causal mechanisms and confounders.

35 these findings while adjusting for potential confounders.

36 o be considered to guard against time-driven confounders.

37 1.3-3.3) neighborhoods, after adjustment for confounders.

38 f death, adjusting for significant/important confounders.

39 D manifestations were adjusted for potential confounders.

40 tion, breast-cancer diagnoses, and potential confounders.

41 nt of other clinical predictors and measured confounders.

42 us controls, while controlling for potential confounders.

43 s used to adjust for perinatal and postnatal confounders.

44 vitamin B-6 status, independent of potential confounders.

45 exposures variables, adjusting for potential confounders.

46 Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.

47 ion models were used to adjust for potential confounders.

48 or body mass index (BMI) and other potential confounders.

49 ear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

50 dy composition, physical activity, and other confounders.

51 We adjusted analyses for recorded potential confounders.

52 ional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders.

53 atedness, population structure and/or hidden confounders.

54 88; P = .002), after adjusting for potential confounders.

55 conducted to control for available potential confounders.

56 mily history of diabetes and other potential confounders.

57 gression to control for possible demographic confounders.

58 cted using logistic regression, adjusted for confounders.

59 after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders.

60 sis was used to account for the influence of confounders.

61 tervals (CIs) adjusting for a priori-defined confounders.

62 ssion models, while accounting for potential confounders.

63 ear regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

64 ized linear regression models, adjusting for confounders.

65 ting for tobacco smoking and other potential confounders.

66 nce intervals while accounting for potential confounders.

67 s after adjustment for lifestyle and dietary confounders.

68 raphic and environmental factors as possible confounders.

69 5-0.86]; P = .01), after adjusting for other confounders.

70 - participants after adjusting for potential confounders.

71 eficits are robust or explained by potential confounders.

72 ed with Cox regression and adjusted for main confounders.

73 hout MDD after adjustment for many potential confounders.

74 s continue to evolve in the presence of many confounders.

75 le linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders.

76 y significant after adjustment for potential confounders.

77 t 6 years of life (PR = 1.46), adjusting for confounders.

78 conditional logistic regression adjusted for confounders.

79 mographic information pertaining to relevant confounders.

80 ogistic regression controlling for potential confounders.

81 otic administration time, and other relevant confounders.

82 each CHD phenotype, adjusting for potential confounders.

83 ies regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

84 se aspirin use after adjusting for potential confounders.

85 tation of the results is hindered by several confounders.

86 sted after adjustment for multiple potential confounders.

87 logistic regression to account for potential confounders.

88 ovarian cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders.

89 survival models that adjusted for potential confounders.

90 estimate odds ratios adjusted for potential confounders.

91 CI: 1.33, 2.12) independent of AF and other confounders.

92 ned significant after correction for several confounders.

93 Adjustments were made for various confounders.

94 ter adjustment for a wide range of potential confounders.

95 aphic, socioeconomic, and clinical potential confounders.

96 regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders.

97 cohort analysis was performed to account for confounders.

98 ence intervals using Cox models adjusted for confounders.

99 iators, measured confounders, and unmeasured confounders.

100 0) after adjustment for a range of potential confounders.

101 r adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders (1 cup per day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95%

102 After fully adjusted for potential confounders, a 10-unit decline in eGFR was associated wi

103 l multivariable model, after controlling for confounders, AD eyes were less likely to have at least 1

104 Independently of confounders, adherence to the fruit, vegetables, and dai

105 5%; older, 25.0%; younger, 17.0%; p < 0.001; confounder adjusted odds ratio elderly vs younger, 2.33

106 or presence of fever in other trimesters and confounders (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.40; 95% confid

107 with reduced odds of nvAMD in unadjusted and confounder-adjusted analysis.

108 We applied harmonic Cox regression to model confounder-adjusted effects of the estimated day of the

109 those from age 6 in Generation R, the pooled confounder-adjusted multivariable regression association

110 In confounder-adjusted multivariable regression in ALSPAC,

111 The confounder-adjusted odd ratios were 1.41 (95% confidence

112 we used Cox regression to compute rates and confounder-adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) of community-base

113 risk with the use of Poisson regression with confounder adjustment; linear splines were used to accou

114 n, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and potential confounders among women in the cohort.

115 gic asthma without genetic and environmental confounders, an experimental model of allergic asthma in

116 sting for lead, arsenic, and other potential confounders, an IQR increase in maternal manganese was a

117 23 (95% CI 0.19-0.29) adjusted for potential confounders and 0.37 (95% CI 0.27-0.50) further adjusted

118 and controlled for individual time-invariant confounders and area-level time-varying confounders, inc

119 tractability, and joint modeling of unknown confounders and biological signals.

120 the lowest GS quintile, after adjustment for confounders and BMI.

121 mator that accounts for associations between confounders and both treatment assignment and outcomes.

122 Models were adjusted for potential confounders and energy misreporting.Three patterns, labe

123 /CTD, largely independent from shared family confounders and measured covariates.

124 After adjustment for potential confounders and moderate to vigorous physical activity,

125 insUK using linear regressions adjusting for confounders and multiple testing (Bonferroni: P < 1.71 x

126 After removing the impact of nontemperature confounders and normalizing the residual load data for e

127 After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders and parental psychosocial covariates, the ha

128 hed sample (n = 9,727), results adjusted for confounders and residential self-selection revealed fewe

129 S score and AMD, taking account of potential confounders and the multicenter study design.

130 ns of the negative control with uncontrolled confounders and the outcome.

131 Multiple identified confounders and the significant qualitative assessment o

132 e; however, these studies did not adjust for confounders and therefore were not designed to determine

133 There is also the potential for unmeasured confounders and under-recording of induction of labour o

134 ated after adjustment for relevant potential confounders and was also observed among never-cigarette

135 methods by taking into consideration hidden confounders and weak regulations.

136 m used to select a large number of potential confounders) and by comparing exposed children with unex

137 ion estimate (after adjustments for measured confounders) and the limit of the confidence interval cl

138 le measured confounders, multiple unmeasured confounders, and allows for a mediator-exposure interact

139 ear regression models adjusted for potential confounders, and conducted several sensitivity analyses.

140 yclic graphs were used to identify potential confounders, and Cox proportional hazard models were app

141 linear mixed models, adjusting for potential confounders, and explored effect modification.

142 ten lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions.

143 After adjustment for 14 potential baseline confounders, and taking those with the lowest consumptio

144 assess if their influence was independent of confounders, and the accuracy of the model calculated.

145 ted exposures, outcomes, mediators, measured confounders, and unmeasured confounders.

146 dies with more comprehensive adjustments for confounders are warranted to clarify the association.

147 Other explanatory variables and confounders assessed were governorate, dental caries and

148 d be due to low statistical power or unknown confounders associated with the subgroup analysis.

149 tors should consider sexual heterogeneity of confounder associations when choosing an analytic approa

150 n given to potential sexual heterogeneity of confounder associations with outcomes.

151 Adjustment for confounders at the study level was often incomplete but

152 ses of registry data, investigators assessed confounders based on the first questionnaire in which th

153 stratified analyses to analyze the potential confounders behind these discordant outcomes.

154 e used propensity score weighting to balance confounders between treatment (users of mental health se

155 CI: 1.24-2.51) after adjusting for possible confounders but was not associated with any other cause

156 a demonstrate that the adaptive selection of confounders by GMAC improves the power and precision of

157 rmined the impact of adjusting for potential confounders collected from a subset of the cohort member

158 After adjustment for confounders, compared with a moderate increase in BMI be

159 After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with no antithrombotic treatment,

160 After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, compared with women in the lowest quartile

161 l quality of studies has improved over time, confounder control could be improved through better stud

162 registry data to identify cases and limited confounder control.

163 With adjustment for potential confounders, cord blood log(FT3)pmol/L concentration was

164 Hepatic PDFF was estimated by using a confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded MR imaging m

165 fat and liver iron content by measurement of confounder-corrected proton density fat fraction (PDFF)

166 omes using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders (demographics, clinical characteristics, com

167 lysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders demonstrated that preeclampsia was independe

168 iversity (Shannon index) after adjusting for confounders (DHA Beta(SE) = 0.13(0.04), P = 0.0006 total

169 Correction for confounders did not affect the significance of these fin

170 Adjustments for important confounders did not alter our results.

171 Adjustment for known and possible confounders did not change these results.In this follow-

172 should be carried out to distinguish between confounders (e.g., prematurity) and mediators (e.g., use

173 After adjusting for confounders, each 5-microg/dL higher level of blood lead

174 All time-invariant confounders (eg, genetic and early environmental influen

175 with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders (eg, maternal age and parity).

176 riable models, after adjusting for potential confounders, every doubling of GDF-15 level associated w

177 /L and Cerebral Performance Category 1-2 had confounders for neuron-specific enolase elevation.

178 By control of confounders from 8326 quantified events, we identified 5

179 imulations, indicating that other biological confounders further reduce membrane-bound diffusion in t

180 ional product term approach were biased when confounders had sex-dependent associations with the outc

181 this association and adjusting for potential confounders, happiness and related measures of wellbeing

182 that remained after adjustment for potential confounders (HR: 69.5; 95% CI: 7.0, 694.6).

183 assessment strategies for a dynamic clinical confounder in a registry-based comparative effectiveness

184 ure initiation and the rate of change in the confounder in order to choose the most relevant measure

185 NCREMENT-CPE mortality score) to control for confounders in Cox regression analyses.

186 different models while accounting for known confounders in methylation data.

187 After adjustment for possible confounders in multivariable analysis, the 24-hour cumul

188 se specificity after correction for possible confounders in our cohort.

189 control for shared genetic and environmental confounders in three population-based, same-sex twin sam

190 sion models, before and after adjustment for confounders, in both multiply imputed and complete case

191 tion margin) involvement, adjusted for other confounders, in rectal cancer surgery.

192 Confounders included age, CRP, and lifestyle and sociode

193 fied on donor sex and adjusted for potential confounders, included a recipient sex by current age int

194 ween PPCS and HRQoL, adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, prior concussions, migra

195 at study enrollment, adjusting for potential confounders including airborne total hydrocarbons exposu

196 We adjusted for multiple confounders including demographics, comorbidities, and a

197 se unexposed after controlling for important confounders including immunosuppressants.

198 xed models showed that, after adjustment for confounders including the SCB intake of the child itself

199 After adjusting for potential confounders, including BNP, PH was found to be associate

200 l models (MSMs) that more fully adjusted for confounders, including CAPTs.

201 tional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors.

202 exhaustive analysis of both known and novel confounders, including ceiling/floor effects, missing ge

203 uiring diabetes was independent of potential confounders, including diabetes duration, and was mainta

204 To adjust for individual-specific confounders, including disorder severity, genetic makeup

205 transition into poverty, while adjusting for confounders, including employment transitions.

206 iant confounders and area-level time-varying confounders, including housing prices and unemployment r

207 notype and obesity is influenced by multiple confounders, including sex, food access, ethnicity, and

208 Adjusting for key confounders indicated no increase in risk (adjusted haza

209 Multiple regression models including all confounders indicated that the PEPT2*1*1 genotype indepe

210 After adjustment for potential confounders, intensive BP treatment was not associated w

211 After adjusting for potential confounders, IVUS was associated with significantly lowe

212 After adjustment for confounders, job strain predicted degenerative MSDs amon

213 This finding is consistent when adjusted for confounders, like disease severity.

214 However, it is known that adjustment for confounders measured after the start of exposure can lea

215 adjusted for time-invariant and time-varying confounders measured at baseline, and fitted marginal st

216 tors should carefully consider the timing of confounder measurements relative to exposure initiation

217 ffect of exposure choice on outcome when the confounder mediates part of the effect.

218 ediation also accommodates multiple measured confounders, multiple unmeasured confounders, and allows

219 gate the observed effect size, an unmeasured confounder must independently decrease mortality by 90%

220 founders that are associated with the IV (IV-confounders) must be included in the analysis, and not i

221 e offspring, after controlling for potential confounders (N = 3234-5335).

222 group ( P < 0.001), and after adjusting for confounders, obese patients had a significantly higher r

223 ortality, even after adjusting for potential confounders (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.14 (1.08-1.20); p <

224 f offspring ADHD by 42% after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence inter

225 r survival trends after accounting for known confounders of GBM patient outcome.

226 Confounders of neuron-specific enolase elevation should

227 Propensity matching was used to account for confounders of transfusion and thrombotic risk.

228 with 95% CIs, with adjustment for potential confounders.Of the 4400 participants, 2551 (57.9%) were

229 After adjusting for confounders on multivariable analysis, transfusion of "o

230 s of sex, age, puberty (yes/no) and possible confounders on the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis, an

231 enarios, sex and air travel were included as confounders or effect modifiers.

232 ct of the mode of delivery and its potential confounders or modifiers.

233 After adjustment for confounders, OSA remained an independent predictor of pr

234 After adjustment for confounders, OSA remained independently associated with

235 after adjusting for race and other important confounders, participants with lower income had higher r

236 Among the confounders, paternal eczema and race/ethnicity (Hispani

237 riable analysis controlling for prespecified confounders, preadmission oral corticosteroids were asso

238 Data on patients' vaccination histories and confounder profiles are also collected.

239 ssumptions regarding sexual heterogeneity of confounder relationships on estimates of sex-specific ef

240 ma at age 3 years after adjusting for common confounders (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.11-1.93

241 risk for AMR after adjustment for potential confounders (risk ratio 0.94 per TTV log level; 95% conf

242 or surgical contamination and methodological confounders, secondary assessment was associated with re

243 range from -1.4% to 2.0% across methods and confounder sets.

244 ent for temporal and seasonal trends and key confounders (sex, age, schizophrenia or related disorder

245 component regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, showed that principal component 1, mainly l

246 After adjustment for potential confounders, statin use was not associated with recurren

247 Due to geometric confounders, strain better reflects systolic function in

248 h fruit consumption, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, region, socio-economic sta

249 assessing the impact of potential unmeasured confounders such as disease severity or concomitant pres

250 StereoGene also accounts for confounders such as input DNA by partial correlation.

251 ; 95% CI, 1.08-2.41; P = 0.02) adjusting for confounders such as recipient age, gender, and donor fac

252 p between cells can be obscured by technical confounders such as variable gene capture rates.

253 fferences in the prevalence of an unobserved confounder, such as limited performance status (Eastern

254 However, measurement of confounders, such as biomarker values or patient-reporte

255 idual confounding by unmeasured time-varying confounders, such as coincident policy changes.

256 Although not different in several confounders, such as maternal educational level, materna

257 After adjustment for confounders, term infants who were fed solids in additio

258 imates of treatment effect, treatment effect confounders that are associated with the IV (IV-confound

259 When adjusted for possible confounders, the association between diverticulitis and

260 After adjustment for time-variant confounders, the incidence rate of gastrointestinal blee

261 After adjustment for relevant confounders, the influence of hospital volume on CRM inv

262 an studies, the paucity of data on potential confounders, the limited statistical power to detect dif

263 After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds of bowel intervention among patien

264 After adjustment for confounders, the population attributable fraction sugges

265 After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between poorer survival an

266 With adjustment for potential confounders, the RR of ID after antidepressant exposure

267 y score matching and adjusting for potential confounders, there was no longer a significant OS differ

268 After adjustment for potential confounders, time-dependent bias, and competing risks, o

269 c regressions, with adjustment for potential confounders, to estimate the associations of natural log

270 After adjustment for confounders, transition into poverty increased the odds

271 ect estimation in the presence of unmeasured confounders under certain assumptions.

272 After adjusting for potential confounders, undergoing RPD was associated with a reduce

273 edication exposures, outcomes, and potential confounders used electronic databases.

274 s expected, we found that adjustment for the confounder value at the time of the first questionnaire

275 1.5-100.0) and after adjusting for potential confounders was 87.3% (70.2-100.0).

276 nformation on lifestyle score components and confounders was collected at baseline.

277 ting to adjust for baseline and time-varying confounders, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of death a

278 e best possible comprehensive adjustment for confounders, we found no association between BCG vaccina

279 After controlling for possible confounders, we found that baseline vitamin A deficiency

280 After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the rate of survival to hospi

281 er controlling for baseline sociodemographic confounders, we observed positive associations of proble

282 y and atopy at age of 8 years, and potential confounders were available for 1608 participants of the

283 ajor chronic conditions, and other potential confounders were controlled for, men with probable insom

284 After confounders were controlled for, no clear between-group

285 dictors of earlier discharge after potential confounders were controlled for.

286 hout pleiotropic associations with potential confounders were estimated to explain about 0.8% of the

287 tched odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for CMI and confounders were estimated.

288 Time-varying confounders were included in conditional Poisson models.

289 sk and survival analysis with adjustment for confounders were used to calculate risk for PTM, death a

290 r regression models controlling for temporal confounders were used to conduct time-series analyses of

291 ear regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate associations between q

292 data (IPD) (logistic regression adjusted for confounders) were performed to assess therapeutic effica

293 ed to consider sampling devices as potential confounders when comparing multiple studies and datasets

294 After adjustment for confounders, whites with OAG enrolled in Medicaid had 19

295 y estimated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for confounders with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-

296 e least squares IV approach that excludes IV-confounders with missing values.

297 djusting for town-level and individual-level confounders, with clustered SEs.

298 environmental, individual, and mental health confounders, with multiple imputation of missing data.

299 In models adjusted for known potential confounders, women with chronic PTSD had higher average

300 on the risk ratio scale, that an unmeasured confounder would need to have with both the treatment an

301 unlikely that adjusting for these potential confounders would have radically changed the findings.