ライフサイエンスコーパス: confounding

1 he studies appeared to adequately adjust for confounding.

2 tical and methodologic controls for familial confounding.

3 lings with which to control for family-level confounding.

4 wever, may not have adequately accounted for confounding.

5 ratio weights were used to control measured confounding.

6 OR was small, and we cannot exclude residual confounding.

7 rol for unmeasured environmental and genetic confounding.

8 ive control outcome to partially correct for confounding.

9 rol outcome for joint indirect adjustment of confounding.

10 yses were performed to evaluate for residual confounding.

11 imit generalizability and lead to unmeasured confounding.

12 onal studies that are potentially subject to confounding.

13 n is to potential unmeasured or uncontrolled confounding.

14 om misclassification of the cause of AKI and confounding.

15 e and food allergy and investigate potential confounding.

16 h lower mortality, even after adjustment for confounding.

17 ame odds ratios when correctly adjusting for confounding.

18 tributable to reverse epidemiology, bias, or confounding.

19 s would change in the presence of unmeasured confounding.

20 the absence of HCC (SLK-A) groups to reduce confounding.

21 med on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding.

22 stimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding.

23 Controlling for confounding, a history of asthma was significantly assoc

24 dence supporting these claims varies widely, confounding accurate evaluation of genomic variation in

25 indicating the possible presence of residual confounding across these comparisons, presumably related

26 od: Genomic Mediation analysis with Adaptive Confounding adjustment (GMAC).

27 gative control exposure approach for partial confounding adjustment in time-series analysis proposed

28 After controlling for confounding, among smokers in the 2014 BRFSS, trying to

29 e-in-differences approach to account for the confounding and a person-oriented approach using a laten

30 fects models may be biased due to unmeasured confounding and measurement and methodological limitatio

31 epression, anxiety, and a range of potential confounding and mediating factors were collected.

32 the outcome (given modeled variables) absent confounding and other model misspecification, and 2) ass

33 actors are inconsistent, probably because of confounding and reverse causality.

34 hese results as causal because both residual confounding and reverse causation could explain these re

35 iple analyses attempting to address residual confounding and reverse causation.

36 However, observational data are prone to confounding and reverse causation.

37 on (MR) methodology to control bias owing to confounding and reverse causation.

38 We account for confounding and selection bias as well as generalizabili

39 spore counts while controlling for potential confounding and testing interactions.

40 ty of this approach when there is unmeasured confounding and/or bidirectional effects between the ris

41 easurement error that could lead to residual confounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation

42 Here, we identified confounding artifacts that, when avoided, allowed develo

43 ter ecosystems, however, is largely unknown, confounding assessments of their role in the global N-cy

44 To account for unmeasured confounding associated with noninvasive ventilation use,

45 statistical questions, closely separates the confounding between 'linkage' and 'QTL effect', makes a

46 mediation analyses challenging and prone to confounding bias, particularly when conducted among dive

47 ative control exposures to further attenuate confounding bias.

48 le controls can be used to fully account for confounding bias; the first assumes a forward-in-time ve

49 regression was used to adjust for potential confounding by a wide range of factors.

50 ever this association may be due to residual confounding by BMI or another confounder.

51 ed correlates of spindle activity, including confounding by body mass index mediated by cardiac inter

52 ensity score-matched analyses to account for confounding by clinician and by patient-level characteri

53 unt for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounding by design.

54 CVD or death but also gave no indication of confounding by disability, comorbidities or lifestyle fa

55 ronic kidney disease, and active cancer, but confounding by drug use needs to be followed up.

56 t the association may be related to residual confounding by healthy lifestyle or body mass index (BMI

57 in limitation of this study is that residual confounding by household wealth of the observed associat

58 However, we limited the likelihood of such confounding by including relevant control series, in whi

59 We used a propensity score to minimize confounding by indication of treatment and capacity to a

60 y unmeasured patient preferences" (a type of confounding by indication) and has implications for asse

61 design does not eliminate the potential for confounding by indication, these findings do not support

62 eatment weighting methodology to control for confounding by indication.

63 Residual confounding by lifestyle cannot be excluded, and Mendeli

64 djusted and PS-matched analyses) to overcome confounding by medical complexity because infants with h

65 Confounding by parental socioeconomic status explained l

66 lear to what extent the association reflects confounding by smoking, underlying illness, or comorbid

67 nt preferences that can be used to attenuate confounding by unmeasured patient preferences and provid

68 This may lead to "confounding by unmeasured patient preferences" (a type o

69 The latter procedure reduces confounding by unobserved parental characteristics that

70 ies suggest the opposite, most likely due to confounding by UV exposure.

71 mass of bacterial DNA per sample to exclude confounding by varying amounts of plaque per site.

72 ensity score (PS) model's ability to control confounding can be assessed by evaluating covariate bala

73 es via a generalized linear mixed model when confounding can be encoded via a single variance compone

74 Although residual confounding cannot be ruled out, our findings indicate a

75 cular by using platelet-poor plasma to avoid confounding caused by residual platelets in plasma or by

76 e describe may enable investigators to avoid confounding chemistry-based associations and reporting b

77 portunity to study hallucinations apart from confounding clinical factors, thus allowing for the iden

78 ed FA (Mann-Whitney U, P = 0.037) as well as confounding completely the effect of FA on multivariate

79 ns, the dry run often improved assessment of confounding control, compared with the C statistic and g

80 aning of host immunity, but bias or residual confounding could explain these findings.

81 Studies were heterogeneous, and confounding could not be excluded.

82 Residual confounding could not be ruled out because of the use of

83 ng chi-squared tests to identify potentially confounding covariates, and logistic regression models w

84 atin C appeared to confer adverse prognosis, confounding creatinine interpretation in isolation.

85 of apoptosis resistant clones, thus possibly confounding data published using such systems.

86 usting for Elixhauser index, hyperlipidemia, confounding drugs, and surgery type, odds ratio for blee

87 Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding due to age, sex, smoking, race and socio-eco

88 We are unable to exclude confounding due to other events occurring around the tim

89 rried out in children born at term to reduce confounding due to perinatal factors.

90 ver, some family-based designs are robust to confounding due to population admixture or substructure.

91 situation in the presence of possible double confounding due to population stratification and adaptat

92 ene) study to examine the role of unmeasured confounding due to population stratification on the effe

93 y population, and the potential for residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.

94 nduced nociception model of pain without any confounding effect in open-field activity.

95 r parameter estimation that accounts for the confounding effect of background selection.

96 The potential confounding effect of different amounts and proportions

97 of stiffnesses in a single well without the confounding effect of differential cell migration.

98 a framework for estimating and removing the confounding effect of RNA quality in differential expres

99 To handle the confounding effect of SCT that could occur in patients w

100 ed odds ratios (ORs) and to control possible confounding effects among variables.

101 llustrate its benefits in removing technical confounding effects as well as for removing cell cycle e

102 However, the presence of complex hidden confounding effects in biological systems can make media

103 Controlling for confounding effects in scRNAseq data is a crucial step f

104 can examine multiple brain networks without confounding effects of cognitive ability, which makes th

105 ian and Deep Neural networks, dissecting the confounding effects of datasets and target functions.

106 ely as a result of ageing, unaffected by the confounding effects of inactivity.

107 he susceptibility of these signatures to the confounding effects of ITH using gene expression microar

108 ntributes to E. coli suppression without the confounding effects of restricted phage diffusion.

109 The confounding effects of sequence homology, complexity of

110 After taking account of the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, ethnic min

111 ably stratify CRC patients by minimising the confounding effects of stromal-derived ITH.

112 esults show that it is possible to avoid the confounding effects of surface contamination and systema

113 tion and inflammation are present because of confounding effects of the acute-phase response on the i

114 electivity of the methods and revealed a few confounding effects such as in-source fragments.

115 has been considered in addition to potential confounding effects that arise from the comparison of st

116 ations for the beauty premium, have too many confounding effects, and lack crucial information.

117 etry and femoral neck BMD Z-score to control confounding effects.

118 use of the data to improve the inference of confounding effects.

119 uares), for robust and accurate inference of confounding effects.

120 echnique, is susceptible to the influence of confounding effects.

121 different methods used to address unmeasured confounding (eg, instrumental variable, difference-in-di

122 ips may arise from genetic and environmental confounding (eg, preexisting vulnerabilities).

123 es, or BTEX), and account for the effects of confounding environmental factors when teasing out the r

124 causality to assess whether omitted variable confounding existed.

125 comparable performance to other mixed model confounding factor analysis methods when identifying suc

126 uch broad impact eQTL, we introduce CONFETI: Confounding Factor Estimation Through Independent compon

127 nalysis, whereas disease severity might be a confounding factor for the meta-analysis.

128 stacle to cancer treatment and a significant confounding factor in bulk-tumor profiling.

129 eating effects are a previously unrecognized confounding factor in establishing the antimicrobial act

130 A potentially important confounding factor is the variation in mutation rates be

131 so used the CONFETI framework and these same confounding factor methods to identify eQTL that replica

132 as better performance than other mixed model confounding factor methods when considering broad impact

133 To circumvent this confounding factor, we have generated a new strain of iN

134 nating amino acid composition as a potential confounding factor.

135 luctuations and removed premature birth as a confounding factor.

136 lity has not been adequately considered as a confounding factor.

137 fferences were reversed after adjustment for confounding factors (1 year MRR, 0.81; 95% confidence in

138 pattern that could not be explained by other confounding factors (e.g. age or release site).

139 Statistical analyses must account for known confounding factors (e.g., socioeconomic conditions) but

140 ed significant even after adjustment for all confounding factors (hazard ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence

141 trol participants, even when a few potential confounding factors (postmortem interval, age, and histo

142 e well conducted, some studies had potential confounding factors and absence of comparator groups.

143 present, including incomplete adjustment for confounding factors and failure to measure lifetime use

144 A multivariable analysis adjusting for confounding factors and the clustering of consultants re

145 t entropy is a tumor-specific metric only if confounding factors are corrected.

146 is studies controlling for several potential confounding factors are required to better characterize

147 ore one driver at a time and control as many confounding factors as possible.

148 Several confounding factors could have influenced and limited ou

149 ia, however, remains uncertain, and reflects confounding factors in earlier assessments that were lar

150 Confounding factors in such integration include sequenci

151 Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional l

152 ion analysis that was adjusted for potential confounding factors including patient age, clinical stro

153 Confounding factors linked to hemodynamic status can gre

154 Confounding factors may relate to stringency of inflamma

155 y charged microdroplets, leading to multiple confounding factors potentially influencing reaction rat

156 esponse dynamics, even while controlling for confounding factors such as body temperature.

157 ever, because it is difficult to control for confounding factors such as homophily or dynamic network

158 ry feature of the diseases or is a result of confounding factors such as medication and agonal state.

159 halmitis is greater in these patients due to confounding factors such as pre-existing ocular diseases

160 his discrepancy could include influence from confounding factors such as use of RA medication, select

161 After adjusting for confounding factors using a generalized linear Poisson m

162 ents and mental health after controlling for confounding factors were resettlement related stressors,

163 However, when adjusted for confounding factors, African American subjects were more

164 After adjustment for confounding factors, cervical anastomosis was associated

165 After adjusting for confounding factors, females had a 64% increased risk of

166 fspring born in Sweden, after accounting for confounding factors, first-trimester exposure to antidep

167 % vs 25.1%; p = 0.010); after adjustment for confounding factors, hospital mortality was also lower (

168 rrection for multiple testing (P<7.3e-5) and confounding factors, including drug therapy, and renal a

169 adolescents while controlling for potential confounding factors, including noise exposures and clini

170 tid IMT while adjusting for several possible confounding factors, including the metabolic syndrome.

171 to nonrepresentative subjects and potential confounding factors, including varying severity of illne

172 Even after adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, infants with AKI had higher mortali

173 ucoma, OHT and GLD) correcting for potential confounding factors, IOP and age.

174 After adjustment for potential confounding factors, Middle East respiratory syndrome wa

175 Adjusting for confounding factors, restrictive transfusion protocols i

176 After adjusting for confounding factors, subjects with birth weight <2500 g

177 nformation on treatment with medications and confounding factors, such as substance use, previous adv

178 be imprecise and may not consider potential confounding factors, such as treatment with medication a

179 On multivariable analysis accounting for confounding factors, the boost remained significantly as

180 After control for available confounding factors, the hazard ratio was 1.32 (95% CI,

181 To reduce confounding factors, this original demonstration used co

182 egression analyses, controlling for possible confounding factors, we compared differences in these tw

183 at adjusts for both technical and biological confounding factors, we find that TP53, EP300, and NFE2L

184 Controlling for various confounding factors, we noted that annual mortality amon

185 dimensional sparse data as well as to adjust confounding factors, without the need of the assumption

186 sequencing depth, as well as the presence of confounding factors.

187 for other reasons, minimizing the effect of confounding factors.

188 d with clinical outcomes after adjusting for confounding factors.

189 rietal association areas after adjusting for confounding factors.

190 nsity score matching were used to adjust for confounding factors.

191 Both models were controlled for confounding factors.

192 c quantification methods and the presence of confounding factors.

193 ent datasets after adjusting for potentially confounding factors.

194 women receiving MHT, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

195 a stronger correlation with cfPWV and fewer confounding factors.

196 hly associated with BP after adjustments for confounding factors.

197 nter status and patient and disease-specific confounding factors.

198 s but light-induced side effects are serious confounding factors.

199 justed for calendar time and other potential confounding factors.

200 lence of T2D with PM2.5 after adjustment for confounding factors.

201 rly menopause while accounting for potential confounding factors.After adjustment for age, smoking, a

202 r test found no evidence of omitted variable confounding for the instrument.

203 morphometry approach was used to control for confounding from brain size and research site effects in

204 ude accurately estimating chemical exposure, confounding from causes of both exposure and disease, id

205 ellular proportions or control for potential confounding from cell type.

206 ties for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observational studies to lead to associ

207 nce of dementia in a nonlinear way; however, confounding from other factors associated with municipal

208 domized clinical trials, as well as residual confounding from selection biases in observational studi

209 The half-life and confounding gamma emissions of (52g)Mn are prohibitive t

210 that predated childhood victimization and by confounding genetic and environmental risks.

211 rate maps-by subtracting a proportion of the confounding 'ground state'; changed states are objective

212 ing the negative control can reduce residual confounding, if our assumptions hold.

213 and the effects of ageing per se without the confounding impact of impaired physical function.

214 tudies because of potential toxicity and the confounding impact of radiotherapy and chemoradiation.

215 of an inaccurate representation of the large confounding impedance of the neuronal membrane.

216 Methods exist to detect residual confounding in epidemiologic studies.

217 sider the potential contribution of residual confounding in many of the reported studies.

218 package that examines the role of unmeasured confounding in mediation analysis allowing for normally

219 s for the sensitivity analysis of unmeasured confounding in mediation have focused on the mediator-ou

220 an increasingly popular method to adjust for confounding in observational studies.

221 gestational age (BW/GA) in order to minimize confounding in studies of fetal growth and midlife healt

222 ariate balance (PS matching) and controlling confounding in the dry-run analysis (DRS matching).

223 To adjust for time-dependent confounding in these settings, longitudinal targeted max

224 ve bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from oth

225 factors, but we show here that the principal confounding influence is the concentration of oil used i

226 el findings enhance our understanding of the confounding influence of IMAT on endocardial scar mappin

227 3(c.753G)strain can be used to eliminate the confounding influence of the Cdh23(c.753A)variant in hea

228 es are inconsistent, possibly because of the confounding influence of variable exposure to cardiovasc

229 study the effects of these variants without confounding influences from wild-type myosin.

230 ults from causal teratogenic effects or from confounding influences shared by smoking and severe ment

231 ially correct for residual confounding: When confounding is present and our assumptions hold, we argu

232 ties but specificities tended to be low when confounding is present, and FaST-LMM-EWASher gave the lo

233 In mediation analysis if unmeasured confounding is present, the estimates for the direct and

234 this association is causal or the result of confounding is unknown.

235 acilitated sampling and circumvented several confounding loss processes for some of the cationic surf

236 ilized in porous materials in the absence of confounding mass transport artifacts.

237 AT test scores were adjusted for potentially confounding maternal and infant variables, children born

238 n, and activated partial thromboplastin time confounding may interfere with monitoring.

239 To circumvent confounding, Mendelian randomization was applied in a su

240 kage enables the user to simulate unmeasured confounding of the exposure-mediator, exposure-outcome,

241 IQs and other factors contribute to residual confounding of the results.

242 y analyses did not find important amounts of confounding or bias.

243 dings were not likely a result of unmeasured confounding or misclassification.

244 ality because of the possibility of residual confounding or reverse causation.

245 In the presence of sex-dependent confounding, our augmented product term approach may be

246 s, even after adjusting for many potentially confounding patient-, event-, and hospital-related facto

247 due to shared genetic or familial lifestyle confounding rather than to intrauterine mechanisms.

248 reased risk of stroke may be due to residual confounding related to chronic conditions associated wit

249 Residual confounding related to study design and the overextrapol

250 r observed associations may reflect residual confounding relating to characteristics of parents who s

251 y parameters (i.e. RNA integrity), thus this confounding relationship was statistically controlled us

252 able models, although evidence of unmeasured confounding remained.

253 ene in a native cellular environment without confounding renin-angiotensin system interactions.

254 sting studies such as incomplete control for confounding, retrospective assessment of infant feeding,

255 nal studies, however, is subject to residual confounding, reverse causation, and bias.

256 ll-known and has been partly attributed to a confounding role of physical inactivity.

257 In addition, we will discuss the confounding role of pseudocomplication in attribution of

258 beyond coverage of mechanistic biases (e.g., confounding, selection bias, measurement error) to cover

259 ter but previous studies did not control for confounding spatiotemporal factors or investigate the re

260 ted with hysterectomy may be due to residual confounding, such as the reasons for hysterectomy.

261 isit) had slightly or modestly less residual confounding than those from models without it.

262 o adjust for covariates to further eliminate confounding that may originate from cell size and cell c

263 ty of NOACs because of the possible residual confounding that was unmasked with falsification outcome

264 s relied on spatially lateralized responses, confounding the ability to generalize to a more abstract

265 recurrence in the absence of any potentially confounding therapies.

266 We evaluated confounding through adjustment for neighborhood behavior

267 bias, such as reverse causation and residual confounding, thus limiting our understanding of the effe

268 cations but is likely the result of residual confounding, unmeasured comorbidity, or treatment select

269 sting for measured covariates and unmeasured confounding using family-based designs.

270 ional arsenic exposure while controlling for confounding using the parametric g-formula.

271 nce for the hypothesis, because of a weighty confounding variable: the historical geography of coloni

272 rsisted in analyses adjusted for potentially confounding variables (demographics, current socioeconom

273 obiome data; it allows for the adjustment of confounding variables and accommodates excessive zero ob

274 variables, and adaptively selects potential confounding variables for each mediation test.

275 Logistic regression incorporating several confounding variables identified separate pretransplant

276 provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.

277 Because of unavoidable confounding variables in the direct study of human subje

278 that prior studies may have been limited by confounding variables or the technique of identifying ey

279 there are important limitations and possible confounding variables to consider.

280 The effect was independent of potential confounding variables, including maternal socioeconomic

281 After controlling for confounding variables, significant linear correlations w

282 Confounding variables, such as donor type and conditioni

283 away performance, travel direction, and team confounding variables, we observed that jet-lag effects

284 ion, suicide attempt, suicide, and potential confounding variables.

285 across populations and with respect to known confounding variables.

286 a multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables.

287 months, robust to adjustment for potentially confounding variables.

288 treated eyes were adjusted for age and other confounding variables.

289 ce persisted after controlling for potential confounding variables.

290 mall number of observations when substantial confounding was present.

291 gn leaves open the possibility of unmeasured confounding, we cannot definitively interpret these resu

292 To limit confounding, we constructed a second score based on 13 v

293 trument to minimize the effect of unmeasured confounding, we detected no changes in the odds of morta

294 new method to partially correct for residual confounding: When confounding is present and our assumpt

295 evidence for the association, may be due to confounding, which is rarely addressed in studies.

296 e bradycardia and mortality, controlling for confounding with inverse probability treatment weighting

297 To minimize potential confounding with typically observed sex-related differen

298 ential attrition, survival, and time-varying confounding, with nonrespondents retained via proxy asse

299 E-value implies that considerable unmeasured confounding would be needed to explain away an effect es

300 A small E-value implies little unmeasured confounding would be needed to explain away an effect es