ライフサイエンスコーパス: connexin

1 ells expressing connexin36, a major neuronal connexin.

2 e way Cx26 interacts with other co-expressed connexins.

3 coupling to be different between the cardiac connexins.

4 s with vertebrate gap junction proteins, the connexins.

5 se via canalostomy in adult mice with floxed connexin 26 (Cx26) alleles promoted Cre/LoxP recombinati

6 the genes encoding for gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) have been link

7 the genes encoding for gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) have been link

8 We found that connexin 26 (Cx26) and Cx30 GJs readily diffuse within t

9 (PCs), coupled by gap-junctions composed of connexin 26 (Cx26) and Cx30.

10 e encoding the cochlear gap junction protein connexin 26 (CX26) cause prelingual, nonsyndromic deafne

11 Here we show that connexin 26 (Cx26) hemichannels, causally linked to resp

12 Because in the human skin connexin 26 (Cx26) is co-expressed with other connexins,

13 are knockouts for the gap-junction channels connexin 26 and connexin 30 genes, we show that defects

14 are knock-outs for the gap-junction channels connexin 26 and connexin 30 genes, we show that defects

15 We find that targeted-deletion of connexin 26 in Deiters cells and outer pillar cells, whi

16 progression of deafness for a boy with GJB2 (CONNEXIN 26) mutations.

17 GJB2 encodes connexin 26, a gap junction protein, which permits inter

18 gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) have been linked to syndromic and non

19 gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) have been linked to syndromic and non

20 gged Cx30 via canalostomy in P4 mice lacking connexin 30 (Cx30) promoted formation of Cx30 gap juncti

21 or the gap-junction channels connexin 26 and connexin 30 genes, we show that defects in non-sensory c

22 or the gap-junction channels connexin 26 and connexin 30 genes, we show that defects in nonsensory ce

23 Mutations in connexin-31 (Cx31) are associated with multiple human di

24 expression pattern for neuronally expressed connexin 35b (cx35b), the zebrafish orthologue of mammal

25 kade of gap junctions or genetic ablation of connexin 36 (Cx36) subunits eliminates the long-range co

26 gical blockade of GJs or genetic ablation of connexin 36 (Cx36) subunits, which are highly expressed

27 e contribution of the gap junctional protein connexin 36 (Cx36) to the regulation of sympathetic acti

28 ctional coupling, and was still prevalent in connexin 36 knock-out animals.

29 on of heart rate and blood pressure involves connexin 36-containing gap junctions.

30 recordings in bulb slices from wild-type and connexin 36-knockout (KO) mice.

31 red the presence of the gap junction protein connexin 36.

32 Connexin-36 (Cx36) gap junctions also regulate islet ele

33 ression of the neuronal gap junction protein connexin-36 among inhibitory interneurons and found a re

34 ell strains lacking the gap junction protein connexin-36 exhibited nonnegligible ice propagation rate

35 f stimulation intensities, primarily through connexin-36-dependent rod pathways.

36 ccompanied by an increase in connexin 43 and connexin 40 expression levels, suggesting their role in

37 , aldo-keto reductase family 1, member 7 and connexin 40) and by the appearance of markers of fibrobl

38 velocity, including Scn5a (Nav1.5) and Gja5 (connexin 40), are persistently downregulated long after

39 erial molecular markers ephrin B2, Notch and connexin 40.

40 bundle, but has no significant effect on the connexin-40-positive bundle branches.

41 ession of the arterial markers ephrin-B2 and Connexin-40.

42 Mutations in leopard (leo), encoding Connexin 41.8 (Cx41.8), a gap junction subunit, cause a

43 A library clone with disrupted expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) (also known as gap junction protein a

44 GJ proteins, connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 47 (Cx47), play a crucia

45 Connexin 43 (Cx43) downregulation is associated with nor

46 nd control uninfected individuals to examine connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and distribution and HIV-a

47 We investigated the role of connexin 43 (Cx43) in maintaining the integrity of mitoc

48 ia on the expression and channel activity of connexin 43 (Cx43) in melanoma cells and its impact on t

49 Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous connexin in va

50 we measured accumulation of dephosphorylated Connexin 43 (Cx43) isoform P0 and AMP kinase activation

51 tein alpha1 gene (Gja1), resulting in a G60S connexin 43 (Cx43) mutant protein that is dominant negat

52 udies indicate that the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) renders GBM cells resistant to TMZ th

53 rate that one of these regulating factors is Connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein highly expres

54 Previously, we showed that connexin 43 (Cx43), the main GJ protein in the immune sy

55 GJA1 encodes connexin 43 (Cx43), the most widely expressed gap juncti

56 ntrol mice, Abeta25-35 peptide promoted both connexin 43 (Cx43)- and Panx1 HC-dependent MC dye uptake

57 studies have illustrated the significance of connexin 43 (Cx43)-based gap junction in maintaining the

58 et of AMs attached to the alveolar wall form connexin 43 (Cx43)-containing gap junction channels with

59 ated discs and binds to gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43).

60 arcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions composed of connexin 43 (Cx43).

61 Connexin 43 (gap junction protein) is expressed in pigme

62 This was accompanied by an increase in connexin 43 and connexin 40 expression levels, suggestin

63 diomyocytes >5-fold as reflected by elevated connexin 43 and consortin transcripts.

64 hese findings suggest that crosstalk between connexin 43 and purinergic signaling contributes to podo

65 e kinase, resulting in the downregulation of connexin 43 and subsequent electric abnormalities.

66 cta, and a larger fraction of phosphorylated connexin 43 at serine 368.

67 urance-trained R735X-infected mice displayed connexin 43 delocalization at intercardiomyocyte gap jun

68 ibrosis, and conduction defects with altered connexin 43 distribution.

69 tomorphometry of myocardial architecture and connexin 43 distribution.

70 Pharmacological inhibition of cSrc mitigates connexin 43 downregulation, slowed conduction, and arrhy

71 d enhanced sarcomere alignment and increased connexin 43 expression at 220 days after transplantation

72 function and increased strong expressions of connexin 43 gap junction protein in heart and lung speci

73 um, mice with a heterozygous deletion of the connexin 43 gene (connexin 43+/-) had proteinuria, BUN,

74 Our results show that in the olfactory bulb, connexin 43 hemichannel function is promoted by neuronal

75 that release further ATP; by 7 h treatment, connexin 43 hemichannels (Cx43 HCs) are also opened.

76 s, we showed that the activity of astroglial connexin 43 hemichannels, opened in an activity-dependen

77 ith the observation that ATP is released via connexin 43 hemichannels.

78 e purity of the SAN protein was confirmed by Connexin 43 immunoblot.

79 Intercalated disk morphology and connexin 43 immunolabelling were not different in hypert

80 ow that knockout of the gap junction subunit connexin 43 in astrocytes throughout the brain causes ex

81 mmunostaining revealed de novo expression of connexin 43 in damaged glomeruli in patients with glomer

82 conduction, whereas conditional deletion of connexin 43 in macrophages and congenital lack of macrop

83 ic glia, either reducing glial expression of connexin 43 in Sox10::CreER(T2+/-) /Cx43(f/f) mice or ac

84 fect localization of desmosomal proteins and connexin 43 in the skin, and result in desmosome aggrega

85 educed gap junctional coupling in areas with Connexin 43 isoform P0 accumulation.

86 ced in individuals with glomerular diseases, connexin 43 may be a novel target for therapeutic treatm

87 t at E15.5 albino RPE cells have fewer small connexin 43 puncta, and a larger fraction of phosphoryla

88 markers for astrocytic cells and fibers and connexin 43 puncta.

89 Connexin 43 reboots meiosis and reseals blood-testis bar

90 ion at Cys(156), leading to cSrc activation, connexin 43 reduction, impaired gap junction function, a

91 Expression and distribution of connexin 43 were unaffected, but CAR(+)/(-) hearts displ

92 RATIONALE: Delivery of Cx43 (connexin 43) to the intercalated disc is a continuous an

93 redox-sensitive gap junctional protein Cx43 (Connexin 43) was reduced in the peri-infarct area of wil

94 cs, and integral gap junction proteins Cx43 (connexin 43), Cx45 (connexin 45), and ZO-1 (zonula occlu

95 epithelial junction proteins (ss-catenin and connexin 43), of stromal keratocytes (CD34), of apoptosi

96 RATIONALE: Downregulation of Cx43 (connexin 43), the major cardiac gap junction protein, is

97 Additionally, the connexin 43+/- mice showed less crescent formation, tubu

98 terozygous deletion of the connexin 43 gene (connexin 43+/-) had proteinuria, BUN, and serum creatini

99 ild inflammation and increased expression of connexin 43, a gap junction protein involved with labor.

100 actor (NF)-kappaBeta and upregulated that of connexin 43, both of which sensitized cancer cells to Ta

101 olangiocyte differentiation (cytokeratin 19, connexin 43, integrin beta4, and gamma-glutamyltranspept

102 robust expression of cardiac alpha-actinin, connexin 43, myosin light chain 2a, alpha/beta-myosin he

103 lated expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43, which has been observed in the progression

104 ic compact region around the SAN artery with Connexin 43-negative pacemaker cardiomyocytes visualized

105 nally, therapeutic treatment of GN mice with connexin 43-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide impr

106 Treatment of cultured podocytes with connexin 43-specific blocking peptides attenuated TGF-be

107 conduction velocity due to downregulation of Connexin 43.

108 s on localization of desmosomal proteins and connexin 43.

109 ated with increased expression of myocardial connexin 43.

110 rated lowered expression of the gap junction connexin 43.

111 sperse with elongated macrophages expressing connexin 43.

112 tenin Tyr142-phosphorylation was mediated by connexin 43/Fer and that the beta-catenin Ser45/Thr41-ph

113 lia-specific disruption of the gene encoding connexin-43 (Cx43) (hGFAP::CreER(T2+/-)/Cx43(f/f) mice).

114 lated with decreased protein accumulation of connexin-43 (Cx43) and N-cadherin, whereas at later stag

115 Coupling correlated with levels of connexin-43 (Cx43), a protein previously linked to late-

116 e (P4) is known to inhibit the expression of connexin-43 (Cx43, major component of GJs) and GJ format

117 Astrocytic connexin-43 (now known as GJ1) has been implicated in ga

118 Connexin-43 also plays an essential role in facilitating

119 selective hemichannel blocker) and selective connexin-43 blockers (connexin-43 mimetic peptides (43)G

120 YO5B in the surface trafficking of Kv1.5 and connexin-43 but not potassium voltage-gated channel, sub

121 portantly, the activities of stromal AE2 and connexin-43 do not place an energetic burden on cancer c

122 TNF-alpha also increased connexin-43 expression and hemichannel activity, but not

123 an inward-rectifying potassium channel, and connexin-43 in primary human fibroblasts from the heart,

124 injury elicited a persistent upregulation of connexin-43 in spinal astrocytes for >3 weeks.

125 blocker) and selective connexin-43 blockers (connexin-43 mimetic peptides (43)Gap26 and (37,43)Gap27)

126 Oxytocin receptor and connexin-43 mRNA expression were reduced in the myometri

127 agonist, and pretreatment of astrocytes with connexin-43 small interfering RNA.

128 s blocked by carbenoxolone, Gap26/Gap27, and connexin-43 small interfering RNA.

129 demonstrate a novel mechanism of astrocytic connexin-43 to enhance spinal cord synaptic transmission

130 trol subjects and revealed redistribution of connexin-43 to lateral membranes in sepsis (P < 0.020).

131 igated whether nerve injury could upregulate connexin-43 to sustain late-phase neuropathic pain by re

132 ctural remodeling was prominent at 10 weeks: connexin-43 was downregulated and redistributed to later

133 unction of the beta-catenin signaling target connexin-43 were down-regulated by FH535, and functional

134 er ID proteins like N-cadherin, desmoplakin, connexin-43, and ZO-1 was significantly perturbed upon p

135 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), glial (connexin-43, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD11b), an

136 y also express cardiac gap-junction protein, connexin-43, similar to CMs and synchronized spontaneous

137 by gap junctions formed by proteins such as connexin-43, which allows the absorbed acid load to be t

138 to spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes via connexin-43-containing gap junctions, cardiac macrophage

139 ional gap junctions partially contributed by Connexin 45 (CX45).

140 junction proteins Cx43 (connexin 43), Cx45 (connexin 45), and ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) were identif

141 GJ proteins, connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 47 (Cx47), play a crucial role in production an

142 a significant increase in gene expression of connexin-50 and 46 in the mouse lens.

143 n-0 serine-235 phosphorylation and levels of connexin-50, together with decreases in myosin light cha

144 s time scale, changes in expression level of connexins alter coupling through the course of circadian

145 Connexins and connexin channels play important roles in

146 y and secondary structural similarities with connexins and evolutionarily distinct innexins and their

147 e protein with shared structural features to connexins and pannexins, has been implicated in ATP rele

148 ng channels, ATP release from astrocytes via connexins, and nitric oxide generation.

149 s domain has similarities with other cardiac connexins, and we propose they constitute a master regul

150 We conclude that multiple connexins are involved in regulating platelet function,

151 Connexins, as members of gap junctions, are important in

152 We investigated connexin-assembled gap junctions as an alternative route

153 s SnapShot highlights mutations in different connexins associated with human pathologies and how they

154 Connexin-associated deafness is thought to be the result

155 ge during embryonic development of mice with connexin-associated deafness.

156 may be in addition to previously discovered connexins at sites of myocyte-nonmyocyte contact in the

157 Connexin-based channels exhibit two distinct voltage-dep

158 ocus away from standard chemical synapses to connexin-based gap junctions and hemichannels.

159 laque determines subcellular distribution of connexin binding partners and sites of intercellular sig

160 , intercellular channels composed of subunit connexins, can play a major role in secondary cell death

161 xhibiting no aberrant effects on coexpressed connexins cause only hearing loss.

162 Different connexin channels have distinct molecular selectivities

163 pansion of hemichannel activity, mediated by connexin channels in a nonjunctional configuration.

164 A signal property of connexin channels is the ability to mediate selective di

165 Connexins and connexin channels play important roles in cell growth/di

166 Some cancers express connexin channels that allow solute exchange between cel

167 ormation appears as a fast redistribution of connexin channels within GJ plaques with minor changes i

168 base balance of cells at the hypoxic core of connexin-coupled tumor growths.

169 With intact connexin-coupling, acid retention at the core increased

170 Investigation of GJB2 encoding connexin (Cx) 26 revealed heterozygosity for the recurre

171 All of these drugs and chemicals require connexin (Cx) 32, a key gap junction protein, to induce

172 x35b), the zebrafish orthologue of mammalian connexin (Cx) 36.

173 Connexin (Cx) 37 suppresses vascular and cancer cell pro

174 Connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels in osteocytes are thought

175 inst breast cancer cells: a critical role of connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels in osteocytes in the suppr

176 Our data show that connexin (Cx) 50 regulated lens cell-cycle progression a

177 By using the connexin (Cx) channel inhibitor Gap27 (0.1 mg/kg, IC50 a

178 to gap junction channels, the most abundant connexin (Cx) in astrocytes, Cx43, also forms hemichanne

179 Expressed adenosine receptor subtypes and connexin (Cx) isoforms were identified by RT-PCR.

180 In the heart, three major connexin (Cx) isoforms, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45, form GJ ch

181 Connexin (Cx) proteins are essential for cell differenti

182 Mutations of these connexin (Cx) proteins cause dysmyelinating diseases in

183 Gap-junction (GJ) channels formed from connexin (Cx) proteins provide direct pathways for elect

184 A connexin (Cx) traverses the membrane four times and has

185 Connexins (Cx) have been identified as tumor suppressors

186 Mutations in GJB2 (connexin [Cx]26) cause either deafness or deafness assoc

187 Expression of connexins Cx26, Cx30, Cx36, or Cx43, the pannexins Px1 o

188 rbamylation motif', present in CO2-sensitive connexins (Cx26, Cx30, Cx32) but absent from a CO2-insen

189 chemical analysis identified the presence of connexins (Cx26/Cx32/Cx36) in the human fetal cortex.

190 s not compensated for by the closely related connexin CX30, which is abundantly expressed in the same

191 x30, Cx32) but absent from a CO2-insensitive connexin (Cx31), comprises Lys125 and four further amino

192 ence and functions of an additional platelet connexin, Cx40.

193 values, the proportional expression of the 2 connexins, (Cx40/[Cx40+Cx43]) correlated with Ri and Rj

194 ve function was not observed with other lens connexins, Cx43 and Cx46.

195 Connexins (Cxs) are a family of membrane-spanning protei

196 Connexins (Cxs) are a family of vertebrate proteins cons

197 Connexins (Cxs) are the main mammalian gap junction prot

198 The hemichannel configuration of connexins (Cxs) displays isoform-specific permeability p

199 ecular mechanisms regulating the assembly of connexins (Cxs) into gap junctions are poorly understood

200 rtilage express gap junction proteins called connexins (Cxs).

201 gap junction families: pannexins (Panxs) and connexins (Cxs).

202 sion, activity and stability of aquaporin-0, connexins, cytoskeletal proteins, and the mechanical pro

203 In connexin-decoupled spheroids, 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-s

204 escent protein-tagged Cx26 and Cx43 in these connexin-deficient melanomas, punctate gap junction-like

205 upling in cochlear organotypic cultures from connexin-deficient mice that are models DFNB1 nonsyndrom

206 oscopy, we found fast (~500 ms) formation of connexin-depleted regions (CDRs) inside GJ plaques betwe

207 Separate connexin domains partake in proposed gating mechanisms o

208 eno-associated viral (BAAV) vectors restores connexin expression and rescues gap junction coupling in

209 s of this study were to manipulate inner ear connexin expression in vivo using BAAV vectors, and to i

210 We also found that connexin expression is key to IHC functional maturation.

211 We also found that connexin expression is key to IHC functional maturation.

212 tion, alters their automaticity and enhances connexin expression.

213 The connexin family of membrane proteins enable gap junction

214 now report that Cx37, another member of the connexin family of proteins, is expressed in osteoclasts

215 due is highly conserved among members of the connexin family, and disease-causing mutations have been

216 anio rerio, require two gap-junction-forming Connexins for formation and function.

217 s, but not in iridophores, suggest that both connexins form heteromeric gap junctions.

218 izontal cell processes, indicating that both connexins form homotypic rather than heterotypic or hete

219 normalities may involve different aspects of connexin function.

220 We find that one Connexin functions presynaptically while the other funct

221 very after photobleaching to GJs formed from connexins fused with fluorescent protein tags.

222 identified atrial-specific mutations within connexin genes, suggesting that somatic mutations may ac

223 onnexin43 (Cx43), a ubiquitous and important connexin, has several phosphorylation sites for specific

224 mechanism for Ca(2+) gating among different connexin hemichannel isoforms.

225 PIB potently inhibited glutamate release via connexin hemichannels and glutamate uptake via the gluta

226 ction in the olfactory bulb, where astrocyte connexin hemichannels are both targets and modulators of

227 Aberrant opening of nonjunctional connexin hemichannels at the plasma membrane is associat

228 Moreover, defect of connexin hemichannels by deletion of connexin26 (Cx26) a

229 Together, these data suggest that connexin hemichannels contribute to spontaneous depolari

230 Connexin hemichannels display two distinct forms of volt

231 Connexin hemichannels had distinct sensitivity to altera

232 The release of ATP from connexin hemichannels in cochlear non-sensory cells has

233 The release of ATP from connexin hemichannels in cochlear nonsensory cells has b

234 The ability of DCPIB to directly block connexin hemichannels was confirmed using a gene-specifi

235 x, probenecid, or carbenoxolone but not when connexin hemichannels were inhibited with mefloquine or

236 s to photoreceptors, potentially mediated by connexin hemichannels, appeared unaffected.

237 mediated gating and permeability features of connexin hemichannels, we heterologously expressed Cx30

238 owards Arg104 of the adjacent subunit of the connexin hexamer.

239 gap-junctional resistivity and quantitative connexin immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.

240 results point to the expression of a second connexin in mouse horizontal cells.

241 Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous connexin in various cells, and presents as hemichannels

242 eath or exert transdominant effects on other connexins in keratinocytes will lead to skin diseases an

243 However, the role of connexins in melanoma tumorigenesis and their status dur

244 astrocytic Cx43 to explore the role of both connexins in panglial networks.

245 Therefore, this study identifies a role for connexins in regulating cell-cycle modulators and, conse

246 tive effect when co-expressed with wild-type connexins, including Cx26 and Cx43.

247 Cx37(-/-) mouse platelets revealed that each connexin is able to function independently.

248 Stability of the arrangement of connexins is thought to regulate intercellular communica

249 Depending on the connexin isoform, the cluster of channels (the gap junct

250 transfected with connexin45, which is among connexin isoforms expressed in neurons.

251 at channels formed by Cx46 and Cx50, the two connexin isoforms expressed in the lens, were moderately

252 xin26 (Cx26) and Cx30, which are predominant connexin isoforms in the cochlea, did not reduce ATP rel

253 2(KO) and beta2(TG) mutants, mutants lacking connexin isoforms, and also the age-dependent changes in

254 differences in the gating mechanisms between connexin isoforms.

255 Measurement of GSH levels in the lenses from connexin knock-out (KO) mice indicated Cx46, and not Cx5

256 Using connexin knock-out mice, we show that IHCs fire spontane

257 In connexin knock-outs, inner hair cells remained stuck at

258 Using connexin knockout mice, we show that IHCs fire spontaneo

259 In connexin knockouts, IHCs remained stuck at a pre-hearing

260 onnexin 26 (Cx26) is co-expressed with other connexins, like Cx43 and Cx30, and as the KID syndrome i

261 cological and genetic interventions to block connexin-mediated hemichannel activity specifically in a

262 Here, we identified a relationship between a connexin molecule and a critical cell-cycle regulator.

263 All connexin mutants were translated into stable, full-lengt

264 ial treatment strategies involving fibrates, connexins, neuroprotectants, photobiomodulation, and ant

265 Our results suggest that targeting specific connexins offers a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce

266 s, at the N terminus segment of Cx26, change connexin oligomerization compatibility, allowing aberran

267 In contrast, inhibition of connexins, P2Y12, P2Y1 or thromboxane formation had no e

268 On the minutes time scale, changes in connexin phosphorylation can change coupling quasi-stabl

269 To investigate whether connexin phosphorylation regulates the known role of zon

270 Connexins play essential roles in lens homeostasis and d

271 Phosphorylation of gap junction proteins, connexins, plays a role in global signaling events invol

272 works near the extracellular entrance of the connexin pore, a region thought to be involved in gating

273 However, the connexin-positive cells were not found in clusters but,

274 with increased GJ plaque size and increased connexin protein half-life, while maintaining GJ channel

275 ructures, consisting of gap junction-forming connexin proteins and also multiple scaffolding and regu

276 analysis to identify the residues within the connexin proteins that determine gap junction plaque sta

277 e building blocks of electrical synapses are connexin proteins.

278 Connexin-purinergic signaling in enteric glia mediates t

279 chlea provided that the expression of either connexin reaches a threshold level.

280 chlea provided that the expression of either connexin reaches a threshold level.

281 As such, connexins regulate one of the most crucial functional re

282 As such, connexins regulate one of the most crucial functional re

283 various inherited skin disorders, but not in connexin-related disease.

284 nsfer was significantly increased similar to connexin-rich keratinocytes.

285 Immunolabeling of the connexins showed differential changes in protein express

286 ical coupling mediated by other unidentified connexin subtypes.

287 Hemichannels (HCs) are hexamers of connexins that can form gap-junction channels at points

288 Connexins, the constituent proteins of gap junctions, ar

289 Connexins, the gap junction forming proteins, are highly

290 astrocytes is their high expression level of connexins, the molecular constituents of gap junction ch

291 by different cohorts of GJs dependent on the connexins they express and the type of initial insult.

292 ether results could be extrapolated to other connexins, TM1 of Cx43 was scanned revealing similar but

293 pendent changes in 29 of 63 ion channel/pump/connexin transcripts, indicating a pleiotropic effect on

294 cellular contact sites composed of clustered connexin transmembrane proteins that act in dual capacit

295 Here, we report the discovery that some connexin types form plaque structures with strikingly di

296 organization of plaques composed of multiple connexin types.

297 unication by a fast and constant turnover of connexins, using phosphorylation as part of this mechani

298 ng OP treatment, while the expression of key connexins was unaffected.

299 nsively connected by gap junctions formed of connexins, which also exist as functional hemichannels a

300 gulated by FH535, and functional blockade of connexins with carbenoxolone also prevented the in vitro