ライフサイエンスコーパス: cost

1 vation goals from LCC partners for the least cost.

2 y completely with little added computational cost.

3 statistical significance without increasing cost.

4 nsities, long-term stability, safety and low cost.

5 energy storage applications owing to the low cost.

6 -conceived infants, suggesting an epigenetic cost.

7 ly increase surgical time and, consequently, cost.

8 f wet sludge volume) and consequent disposal cost.

9 ities to reduce the generally high treatment costs.

10 nd are associated with increased health care costs.

11 ting dose may influence patient outcomes and costs.

12 y achieve a more desirable allocation of EEC costs.

13 ancer, whereas NMSC impacted only outpatient costs.

14 ited States and the associated public sector costs.

15 fewer hospitalizations and lower healthcare costs.

16 could influence U.S. air quality and health costs.

17 nced wide adoption given its high associated costs.

18 ur primary outcome was 90-day total hospital costs.

19 resulting in high economic and environmental costs.

20 lity of available data, they come with heavy costs.

21 savings were estimated based on our internal costs.

22 oposition: better quality of care with lower costs.

23 ulties, process complexities and prohibitive costs.

24 sequent hospitalizations and lower follow-up costs.

25 benefits of building new bonds outweigh the costs.

26 substantial patient, caregiver, and economic costs.

27 ather a single movement that optimizes motor costs.

28 ospitals based on time-driven activity-based costing.

29 nt admission, with 23% lower relative median costs, 0.77 (0.69-0.87).

30 those who were opioid-naive) had 9.2% higher costs [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8%-15.6%; adjusted

31 Along with its extremely low cost (about 3 cent per gram), simplicity of fabrication

32 them to free-ride on the proposal investment cost (acceptors).

33 ted with significantly increased health care costs after 4 common surgical procedures.

34 c diagnostics first emerged in 2007 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, wit

35 Secondary objective was to compare cost analyses using hospital accounting system data vers

36 nowledge, the first estimates of the fitness cost and benefit associated with resistance of the gonoc

37 Most importantly, these sensors offer low-cost and disposable detection platforms for real-world a

38 Considering uncertainty in both cost and effect using a wide range of willingness to pay

39 eveloped to greatly reduce the computational cost and facilitate model selection and inference.

40 With its light weight, low cost and high efficiency even at low operation frequency

41 ic technology aims to reduce the fabrication cost and improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) o

42 y hampered by the relatively high production cost and low efficiency of current thermoelectric materi

43 Rapid, low-cost and portable solution is in highly demand for point

44 ing technology has recently emerged as a low-cost and practical method for fabrication of flexible an

45 ated with prolonged hospital stay, increased cost and substantial mortality.

46 alkylations has become attractive from both cost and sustainability viewpoints.

47 ry, but the mechanism by which they increase cost and the categories of care that drive this increase

48 A simple, low cost and user-friendly method for the fabrication of pap

49 ional automation infrastructure that are low-cost and user-friendly.

50 METHODS AND The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Readmission Databa

51 ng, and this was robust over a wide range of costs and assumptions.

52 ased evolutionary simulations to incorporate costs and benefits of two coevolving costly traits: coop

53 conditions are associated with high economic costs and drug resistance.

54 e regulatory design will minimize compliance costs and HEC tradeoffs by regulating air, water, and so

55 se turbidity are not required, thus reducing costs and sample preparation time.

56 nostics have met requirements for speed, low cost, and ease of use for POC applications.

57 d provision of results, ease of use, reduced cost, and the ability to link patients to care.

58 high sampling and retention efficiency, low costs, and applicability for diverse downstream microbio

59 ent sustained virological response rates, LT costs, and baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease sc

60 tors, including drivers, strategy, timeline, costs, and limitations.

61 th patients about potential harms, benefits, costs, and patient preferences.

62 rvival, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs, and resulting budget impact between ECHO and non-

63 This mainly occurs when fecundity costs are imposed on mate search, and provides an explan

64 greatest impacts to recreation, in terms of costs, are in the Southeast.

65 be evaluated on quality and in later years, cost as well.

66 tly reduce both mortality and the healthcare costs associated with bacterial infections, including th

67 To determine trends in US ED utilization and costs associated with HZ.

68 The costs associated with this legislation will depend on ho

69 of viruses to their hosts, we enumerated the costs associated with two very distinct but representati

70 The projected cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of preventive chemotherapy were very promis

71 mputational mechanisms underlying subjective cost-benefit valuation across different domains of effor

72 as an easily acquired, noninvasive, and low-cost biomarker for self-control ability.

73 Comprehensive estimates that decompose the cost by different stakeholders (as proposed in our frame

74 cteristics and asking about donation-related cost concerns prior to donation might allow transplant c

75 t socioeconomic characteristics, predonation cost concerns, and perceived financial burden.

76 onfirmation with clinic records, and lack of cost data from other case-finding approaches commonly us

77 All cost data were reported in 2013 international dollars ($

78 cal biosensor for on-step, sensitive and low cost detection of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) milk prot

79 To enable low cost diagnostic solutions, we recently established a cit

80 Costs differed significantly between different types of

81 The cost difference between the two groups was $648 ($87,476

82 iveness ratio (ICER = difference in lifetime costs/difference in lifetime health outcomes) to compare

83 hs could have been avoided had there been no cost differential between the median-priced and minimum-

84 cause their detection is compatible with low-cost disposables and because application of a magnetic f

85 o 18 y of nursing home use and out-of-pocket costs drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a long

86 ting hydraulic failure, (2) increases carbon costs during periods of carbon starvation, and (3) promo

87 ork focuses on the development of a fast and cost effective method based on Laser Induced Breakdown S

88 Their measurement is minimally invasive and cost effective using established technologies.

89 h terrestrial restoration typically the most cost-effective action; and (4) land protection should be

90 and had sufficient specificity to make them cost-effective alternatives to manual grading alone.

91 stage osteoarthritis of the hip and knee are cost-effective and demonstrate significant clinical impr

92 vides a new material platform to introduce a cost-effective and efficient ointment option after under

93 Our method provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for rapid recovery

94 to screen HSV PCR tests in CSF represents a cost-effective approach.

95 The German health insurance system is not as cost-effective as in some of Germany's neighbouring coun

96 Adding surveillance to FIT screening is not cost-effective based on the Dutch ICER threshold and sub

97 sive CO2 sorbent for developing practical or cost-effective CO2 technologies.

98 y incorporating innovative technologies into cost-effective diagnostic methods that can mitigate the

99 rein, a novel approach for rapid, simple and cost-effective discrimination/clustering, as a tool to a

100 Vaccination is an important and cost-effective disease prevention and control strategy.

101 Designing high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution

102 Surgery was both effective and cost-effective for obese patients with NASH, regardless

103 rong interest in these processes as the most cost-effective gas-to-liquid technologies.

104 Many cost-effective genome-wide analyses of DNA modifications

105 and high on/off ratios paving the way for a cost-effective high power device paradigm on an Si CMOS

106 ective if the surgery cost less than $66 and cost-effective if less than $398 (based on the World Ban

107 al hydrocelectomy would be classed as highly cost-effective if the surgery cost less than $66 and cos

108 ine and antibody strategies are likely to be cost-effective if they can be priced below around pound2

109 adjusted life-year range frequently cited as cost-effective in the United States for eyes presenting

110 ans (4D-CTs) have emerged as an accurate and cost-effective initial localization study for patients w

111 Proven and cost-effective interventions are available for both thes

112 ation services may improve patient care in a cost-effective manner.

113 ral flow assay (LFA) can provide a rapid and cost-effective means to detect targets in situ; however,

114 signs that permit on-site diagnostics with a cost-effective mobile-phone-based multimodal microscope.

115 tients regardless of fibrosis stage, but was cost-effective only for patients with F3 fibrosis; our r

116 Through a systematic and cost-effective PET discovery process, involving expressi

117 rders of magnitude in a compact, simple, and cost-effective platform.

118 ing to their reproducibility, stability, and cost-effective production, the recombinant variable doma

119 Conclusion Specialized surveillance was a cost-effective strategy for the management of individual

120 ameters, the test option would still be more cost-effective than the no-test option (less than euro30

121 ction, standardized reference reagents are a cost-effective way to maintain robustness and reproducib

122 BeatIt was not cost-effective when compared with StepUp, although the e

123 whether low-risk elderly vaccination remains cost-effective, driven by the choice of cost-effectivene

124 We have developed a simple, cost-effective, portable surface enhanced Raman scatteri

125 ared spectrum can be improved by introducing cost-effective, rapid, and high-throughput fabrication t

126 Although high-risk vaccination remains cost-effective, substantial uncertainty exists as to whe

127 averted, PMI-funded interventions are highly cost-effective.

128 solution-focused brief therapy and would be cost-effective.

129 on oF FactORs ImpacTing CLinical Outcome and Cost EffectiveneSS of the S-ICD) registry is collecting

130 a longer stabilizing effect of CXL increases cost effectiveness.

131 e systems, priority setting, and the role of cost effectiveness.

132 In Bayesian cost-effectiveness analyses, likelihood that CPG was the

133 We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess diagnosis and trea

134 In cost-effectiveness analysis, choice for both age groups

135 The projected cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of preventive chemot

136 atment versus deferred DAA treatment using a cost-effectiveness decision analysis model to estimate i

137 However, its cost-effectiveness is seriously hampered by the relative

138 clinical psychology, epidemiology, genomics, cost-effectiveness modeling, pathology, bioethics, and p

139 To examine the cost-effectiveness of 2 population-based skin cancer scr

140 We investigated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a behavioural activation intervent

141 To use the trial results to determine the cost-effectiveness of a PCSK9i and statin treatment stra

142 evaluate the additional benefit in terms of cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy surveillance in a scre

143 in lifetime health outcomes) to compare the cost-effectiveness of CXL versus conventional management

144 To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab in patients with athero

145 am coastal marine ecosystem and contrast the cost-effectiveness of marine- and land-based conservatio

146 This study calculates the cost-effectiveness of methicillin-resistant S aureus pre

147 To determine the cost-effectiveness of perioperative administration of pa

148 Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of this approach.

149 ability that Xpert introduction improved the cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis diagnostics.

150 We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of two alternative direct-acting anti

151 We used an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER = difference in lifetime

152 tal costs of $7,435, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $94,917/QALY gained.

153 The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was euro6840.75 (95% CI

154 ision analysis model to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (cost per quality-adjusted lif

155 Outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in 2015 U.S. dollars p

156 adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

157 g the Consumer Price Index), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

158 Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for surgery in all F0-F3 patie

159 Over a 40 year time horizon, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were pound22 201 (95% credible

160 discounts are necessary to meet conventional cost-effectiveness standards.

161 eatment options with patients and to support cost-effectiveness studies.

162 ains cost-effective, driven by the choice of cost-effectiveness threshold.

163 if less than $398 (based on the World Bank's cost-effectiveness thresholds for low income countries).

164 The primary outcomes were the incremental cost-effectiveness values ($/QALY) for each moisturizer

165 tery disease to assess clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

166 racterize an industry-grade CMOS camera as a cost-efficient alternative to commonly used scientific c

167 Forming the basis of this cost-efficient, label-free immunoassay, CuONRs, synthesi

168 17 mAh g(-1), making them attractive for low-cost, energy-dense batteries.

169 help us quantify individual variation in the costs experienced from social and ecological factors, an

170 We obtained national cost figures from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (

171 tions are associated with increased hospital costs following major surgery, but the mechanism by whic

172 The annual cost for 10 common conditions from Medicare had lower Q5

173 The mean cost for autologous free flap breast reconstruction was

174 lies by volume, and therefore, also by total cost for eye care providers compared with all other prov

175 The cost for the cohort, which included the cost of the test

176 Grade B or C) and hospital-related inpatient costs for 90 days following PD, converted to 2014 $USD.

177 on topical steroids that is driven by higher costs for generics.

178 ed to lower cumulative and annual healthcare costs for those in favorable cardiovascular health (P<0.

179 racterize Medicare and patient out-of-pocket costs for topical steroids, and to model potential savin

180 tinal images), a response noise model, and a cost function, AMA returns the filters (i.e. receptive f

181 Concern about its associated morbidity and cost has led to a large body of research that has been s

182 e, easy transportability, and relatively low cost have encouraged physicians to use these devices for

183 systems; procurement and distribution of low-cost, high-quality antifungal medicines; and concomitant

184 Employee absenteeism caused by flu infection costs hundreds of millions of dollars every year.

185 Overall high-cost imaging utilization went from 0.43 examinations per

186 cer had the largest inpatient and outpatient cost impacts per case, followed by "other" cancer, where

187 Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total costs (in US dollars adjusted to 2015-year values using

188 vices (economic impact), whereas externality costs include effects outside the economic system (e.g.,

189 Budget costs include market goods and services (economic impact

190 Costs, including price of drug, utilities, and transitio

191 h as its abundance declines, because harvest costs increase.

192 nd in contest 2 for the experienced animals, costs increased with loser RHP and where unaffected by w

193 nd trastuzumab followed a similar pattern in cost increases over time, and the inflation-adjusted mon

194 lient loss signals and resistant to response cost increases.

195 y reversible, as well as the high healthcare costs inherent in device use, a clear understanding of t

196 d thin phase-conjugate nanostructures on low-cost ink coated glass substrates through a facile and fl

197 tion on hominin territoriality and energetic costs invested by hominin groups.

198 s, and only a small fraction of their higher cost is likely to be recovered by prevention of cardiova

199 rmation on the value of this program for its cost is now called for.

200 tanding of the clinical benefits relative to costs is essential for both appropriate clinical use and

201 that consider ranges of possible values for cost items for which data are not yet available.

202 t DNA sequencing technologies and decreasing costs, large gene expression datasets are being generate

203 ssed as highly cost-effective if the surgery cost less than $66 and cost-effective if less than $398

204 The approach is simple, quick, and costs less than 10% of the price for plastic embedded bo

205 Outcome Measures: Average lifetime costs, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY

206 attice-free cell list, with a time and space cost linearly proportional to the number of particles in

207 g are poorly understood, the extent to which cost may be a barrier to monitoring in different setting

208 included countries' mean patient TB-related costs, mean household income, mean cash transfers, and e

209 Here, we describe a highly parallel, low-cost method for measuring the average rate and substrate

210 We demonstrate a low-cost method of DNA extraction directly from patient samp

211 We use regional air quality and health cost models to assess how these soil NO reductions could

212 The disposable, efficient, sensitive and low-cost non-enzymatic PAD has great potential for the devel

213 s compared with no surgery at an incremental cost of $30747, yielding an unfavorable ICER of $154684

214 f new crystal mounting designs, with a resin cost of 0.2 cent US per mount.

215 A reduction in the cost of antiretroviral drugs (including the drugs used f

216 tion between catchments and lakes but at the cost of biogeochemical changes that release stored conta

217 s suggest that long-term population size and cost of complexity drive the evolution of the DFE, with

218 roposed in our framework), that consider the cost of epidemic years, and that account for productivit

219 g control during infection or cancer, at the cost of heightened autoimmunity.

220 a space-filling mechanism that outweighs the cost of inefficient wiring.

221 The energy cost of ionic homeostasis is maintained across the two m

222 o 2004, calling attention to disability as a cost of longer lifetime exposure to obesity.

223 is large phase modulation is afforded in the cost of low transmission efficiency.

224 pulations but provides this advantage at the cost of modestly promoting the risk of autoimmunity.

225 ation rate, potentially due to the energetic cost of mucus production.

226 plan the optimal target groups, timing, and cost of national influenza vaccination programs.

227 d been eradicated, but it might increase the cost of OPV withdrawal.

228 g water levels, we show that this comes at a cost of reduced attractiveness to females.

229 n acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models at the cost of severe hematologic toxicity.

230 how that AS rates correlate with the fitness cost of splicing errors.

231 ospital Colorado, savings justified the full cost of the ASP.

232 sociated with the lack of stability and high cost of the biological recognition element (enzyme).

233 The cost for the cohort, which included the cost of the test, subsequent treatments received, and he

234 inants of water scarcity are found to be the cost of transporting and storing water, society's instit

235 We assumed a NAAT cost of US$25, NAAT specificity of 99.6%, NAAT sensitivi

236 reduced dosing schemes have driven down the cost of vaccination.

237 To quantify the energetic cost of viruses to their hosts, we enumerated the costs

238 cumscribe human choices, and the opportunity cost of water when alternative uses compete.

239 ted with QALY gains of 0.078 and incremental costs of $7,435, yielding an incremental cost-effectiven

240 do so by considering the social benefits and costs of confrontational types of proactive policing, su

241 ysis was one of the first to incorporate the costs of generic ZA and one of the first independent CE

242 teria and is believed to be one of the major costs of maintaining these defense systems.

243 resource complexity strongly buffers fitness costs of mutations, and that anabolic rather than catabo

244 N) status is inversely related to increasing costs of N acquisition with increasing soil carbon, adeq

245 load that can accurately predict the fitness costs of passengers in cell lines and in human breast ca

246 ialization may be reinforced by the elevated costs of prey switching, thus promoting the process of r

247 effects are usually ascribed to low fitness costs of resistance in absence of the drug.

248 y is to be widely applied in the future, the costs of the procedure must be reduced.

249 % by volume, P < 0.001; 79% vs. 56% by total cost, P < 0.001).

250 The average mentoring cost per additional surgery for these 25 hospitals was $

251 imate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (cost per quality-adjusted life year gained) from the soc

252 Q) for 2010 to calculate the hospitalization costs per year attributed to misdiagnosed lower extremit

253 Here, we present Seq-Well, a portable, low-cost platform for massively parallel single-cell RNA-seq

254 Our second advance: the development of a low cost, portable red cell analyzer to measure these parame

255 Low-cost possibilities exist for prevention of hearing loss,

256 lations remained robust to variation in test cost, prevalence of HSV infection, and random variation

257 Outcome Measures: Incremental costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremen

258 to address these limitations due to its low-cost, rapid, and simple features, but the poor analytica

259 gh-throughput fabrication techniques and low-cost recording media.

260 per day per reactor, demanding a 5000x unit cost reduction to $0.20, and is a critical, key challen

261 ver time, and the inflation-adjusted monthly costs rose since approval by 49% and 44%, respectively.

262 ccination, and the vaccine interventions are cost saving for all age and risk groups.

263 sles and rubella eradication is feasible and cost saving.

264 The QUENCHER method is a time and cost-saving extraction-free procedure measuring in vitro

265 Cost-saving short (50-bp) single-end reads and Nextera (

266 nnish Asthma Program resulted in significant cost savings at both the societal and patient levels dur

267 for mental health care may lead not only to cost savings but also to negative downstream consequence

268 In Uganda, cost savings of up to 62% were observed with a centraliz

269 EP) would substantially shorten the time for cost savings to be realised.

270 Cost savings was more prominent amongst high-risk patien

271 were employed to determine significance, and cost savings were estimated based on our internal costs.

272 Strategies to reduce shocks could result in cost savings.

273 the copoly(DMA-NAS-MAPS) microarray is a low-cost, self-producible alternative to the commercial Immu

274 To this purpose, the cost-sensitive hybrid model (CSHM) and five conventional

275 couraging for the further development of low-cost, Si wafer-based IREs for electrochemical ATR-SEIRAS

276 We used 72 low-cost silicone wristbands as noninvasive passive samplers

277 tion plants account for half their operating costs, so alternative, lower energy approaches are equal

278 , a negative relation between winner RHP and costs suggested mutual assessment during the pre-escalat

279 dy offers design insights for developing low-cost surface microfluidic mixing devices on open substra

280 the same data, all at a significantly lower cost than standard sequencing approaches.

281 ons and do not take into account free energy costs that may be associated with structural rearrangeme

282 tural engineering approach for producing low-cost titanium alloys with exceptional fatigue strength v

283 lance the number of driver nodes and control cost to achieve physical control.

284 orbidity, decrements in quality of life, and costs to the health care system.

285 To minimize energetic costs, trans-Gulf migrants should stop over when they en

286 epatitis C virus (HCV) infection, because of cost, treatment is often denied until liver fibrosis has

287 2,000 (95% CI: 5,200, 46,000) infections and cost US$18,000 (95% CI: US$14,000, US$24,000) per QALY g

288 5,000 (95% CI: 8,900, 43,000) infections and cost US$25,000 (95% CI: US$7,000, US$76,000) per QALY ga

289 6,700 (95% CI: 1,200, 16,000) infections and cost US$27,000 (95% CI: US$15,000, US$48,000) per QALY g

290 up to 37,000 (22,000, 58,000) infections and cost US$300,000 (95% CI: US$162,000, US$667,000) per QAL

291 Dual-task gait cost was defined as the percentage change between single

292 This low-cost wearable device is amenable to facilitating healthc

293 Total per capita costs were $9506 for practices categorized as low risk,

294 For pancreatic resections, costs were 5.5% higher (95% CI, 0.1% to 11.1%; P = .047)

295 Costs were adjusted for inflation and reported in 2015 d

296 Costs were assessed from the U.S. health care system per

297 Ninety-day hospital costs were measured uniformly in all hospitals based on

298 es, aphid hosts suffered additional survival costs when hosting double infections.

299 ithout trying triple therapy first increases costs while providing minimal incremental benefit.

300 s to commit to cooperate (proposers) incur a cost, while their co-players are not necessarily require