ライフサイエンスコーパス: costimulation

1 he magnitude of the response following IL-21 costimulation.

2 otype after recognizing Ag in the absence of costimulation.

3 e lymphocyte activation in response to IL-18 costimulation.

4 nticipated to be improved by adequate T cell costimulation.

5 pha is induced, whereas IL-6 is inhibited by costimulation.

6 llergic patients, without requiring allergen costimulation.

7 nting gp96-chaperoned peptides and providing costimulation.

8 pha, and proliferate, in the absence of CD28 costimulation.

9 ostly represent a subset of those induced by costimulation.

10 nt (TD) protein antigens and proinflammatory costimulation.

11 hway of cell death during anti-Siglec-8/IL-5 costimulation.

12 inhibitory member of the B7 family of T cell costimulation.

13 antigen recognition, T cell activation, and costimulation.

14 death ligand-1-Fc, not overcome by anti-CD28 costimulation.

15 ion and induces cell death in the absence of costimulation.

16 on of CD80/CD86 expression and a decrease in costimulation.

17 als for activation, antigen recognition, and costimulation.

18 ected by the presence of TNFRSF4 or TNFRSF25 costimulation.

19 to SLAM costimulation as compared with CD28 costimulation.

20 s observed on cytokine production after CD46 costimulation.

21 ell proliferation in the presence of optimum costimulation.

22 eed on tactile localization before and after costimulation.

23 esponse times were faster after at-resonance costimulation.

24 4Ig and thus on the degree of available CD28 costimulation.

25 electively stimulates IFN-beta with low IL-8 costimulation.

26 t CAR structures providing CD28 and/or 4-1BB costimulation.

27 f cluster of differentiation (CD)28-mediated costimulation, accompanied by enhanced T-cell metabolism

28 thway in T cells activated in the absence of costimulation, activation of the classical NF-kappaB pat

29 Here, we tested whether CD27 costimulation actively enhances human T-cell function, e

30 tope-specific CD8(+) T cell requirements for costimulation, all of which influence the immune respons

31 Blockade of CD28 costimulation alone was unable to inhibit the rejection

32 TLR-2 costimulation also dramatically reduced naive T cell pro

33 g through polysaccharides or via BCR and TLR costimulation also induces IgG Abs, but the Fc glycosyla

34 4-1BB/L costimulation amplified monocyte-mediated proliferation

35 se naive peripheral CD4 T cells: Ag-specific costimulation and Ag-independent proliferation.

36 The costimulation and antitumor activity of CD27 agonistic A

37 tes) has been shown to play a role in T cell costimulation and be involved in apoptosis of mononuclea

38 T-cell costimulation and coinhibition generated by engagement o

39 R)-engineered T cells depend on host-derived costimulation and cytokine signals for their full and su

40 y regulated by extracellular signals such as costimulation and cytokine signals.

41 our work shows that IRF8 integrates the TCR/costimulation and gammac-cytokine-signaling pathways and

42 es cooperation between T-cell receptor (TCR)/costimulation and gammac-cytokines.

43 When activated T cells are provided with costimulation and growth factors but are blocked from en

44 is dephosphorylated on serine 3 upon T cell costimulation and has an essential role in formation of

45 ling by CTLA-4 has the potential to modulate costimulation and induce inhibitory signals.

46 also accumulated to support the role of CD28 costimulation and interleukin-2 in Treg homeostasis.

47 Belatacept blocks CD28-mediated T-cell costimulation and prevents renal transplant rejection.

48 on before T cell transfer also normalized DC costimulation and provided complete protection against G

49 Tfh cells provide both costimulation and stimulatory cytokines to B cells to fa

50 Functional convergence of CD28 costimulation and TCR signaling is critical to T-cell ac

51 e overwhelmingly involved in immune response costimulation and TCR signaling, PVAN-specific genes wer

52 ve leukemia, can be dampened both by limited costimulation and triggering of immunoregulatory checkpo

53 Thus, Tim-3 can be induced via TCR/CD28 costimulation and/or gammac cytokines, likely through th

54 ed in sequence: (1) antigen recognition, (2) costimulation, and (3) cytokine-mediated differentiation

55 ter contacts with APC, are less dependent on costimulation, and are triggered by lower concentrations

56 ses, dependent on T cells and ICOS-dependent costimulation, and in which priming could be achieved wi

57 lity of dendritic cells (DCs) to provide Ag, costimulation, and inflammatory signal 3 cytokines; ther

58 immunity that extend beyond TCR engagement, costimulation, and priming cytokine production but are c

59 the roles of T-cell receptor signaling, CD28 costimulation, and signals through phosphatidyl inositol

60 t, it is now known that the requirements for costimulation, and the costimulatory molecules involved,

61 Thus, p100 represses and p52 promotes costimulation, and the ratio regulates T cell dependence

62 could not rescue T cells silenced by TRAIL-R costimulation, and TRAIL-mediated inhibition of T cell p

63 Cognate T-B cell interactions and CD40-CD154 costimulation are essential for productive humoral immun

64 Both antigen recognition and CD28 costimulation are required for the activation of naive a

65 roviding the second of these signals, termed costimulation, are often lacking in tumors.

66 cells produce more IL-17 in response to SLAM costimulation as compared with CD28 costimulation.

67 highly sensitive to TCR stimulation without costimulation, as shown for Tmem in acute stimulations.

68 d on primary T cells in response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, as well as gammac cytokine stimulation wi

69 re errors and slower response times followed costimulation at above- or below-resonance, respectively

70 In addition, the lack of positive costimulation at the tumor site can further dampen T cel

71 Costimulation at-resonance did not shift the digit regio

72 We further determine that CD28 costimulation augments, whereas 4-1BB costimulation redu

73 ells (Tmem), particularly those resistant to costimulation blockade (CB), are a major barrier to tran

74 Belatacept, a B7-specific mediator of costimulation blockade (CoB), is clinically indicated as

75 ng protocol with ABT-737 in combination with costimulation blockade and low-dose cyclosporine A resul

76 ce immunosuppression with CD28/CD40-directed costimulation blockade and sirolimus.

77 previously reported that continuous 24-month costimulation blockade by abatacept significantly slows

78 ntribution of Tregs to immune suppression by costimulation blockade depends on the concentration of C

79 llograft-protective effects of CD40-directed costimulation blockade do not require sCD154 blockade, c

80 monoclonal antibody-mediated coreceptor and costimulation blockade enables long-term engraftment and

81 cy of Th17 cells and conferred resistance to costimulation blockade following transplantation.

82 Moreover, short-term costimulation blockade led to robust immune tolerance th

83 er the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and that costimulation blockade may exert its beneficial therapeu

84 In murine models, T-cell costimulation blockade of the CD28:B7 and CD154:CD40 pat

85 Costimulation blockade of the CD40/CD154 pathway has bee

86 Importantly, costimulation blockade prevented the rejection of alloge

87 nd support further investigation of combined costimulation blockade targeting the CD28 and CD40 pathw

88 We took cell/complement depletion, costimulation blockade, and serum transfer approaches to

89 y) total body irradiation and treatment with costimulation blockade, T-cell depletion, or rapamycin.

90 ansion and combinatorial therapy with novel, costimulation blockade-based immunosuppression strategie

91 ed-efficacy as in young recipients employing costimulation blockade-based or T-cell depletion-based c

92 gents currently available, in particular, by costimulation blockade-based regimens.

93 This study demonstrated that short-term costimulation blockade-induced dominant tolerance and th

94 e role of Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells in costimulation blockade-induced dominant tolerance to por

95 Here we demonstrate that costimulation blockade-mediated tolerance after lung tra

96 Costimulation blockade-resistant rejection (CoBRR) is as

97 gesting a link between CD28-negative Tem and costimulation blockade-resistant rejection.

98 The costimulation blocker CTLA-4 Ig has been ineffective in

99 5-10 x 10(6) /kg), together with the B7-CD28 costimulation blocking agent CTLA4Ig, 7 days before rena

100 cells, does not involve CD40, OX40, or ICOS costimulation, but does involve B7/CD28 interactions.

101 f Immunity,Kawalekar et al. (2016) find that costimulation by a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can c

102 olony-stimulating factor or FLT3 ligand) and costimulation by agonistic alpha-4-1BB or TLR 9 ligand,

103 ent of a GADS/SLP-76 complex is required for costimulation by CD6.

104 hat both mutations Y629F and Y662F abolished costimulation by CD6.

105 he balance away from coinhibition and toward costimulation by combining anti-PD-L1 with agonistic Abs

106 complex dimensions are required for optimal costimulation by segregation from large inhibitory tyros

107 d Lck mobility and allowed functional T-cell costimulation by spatially separated CD3 and CD28.

108 Thus, CD27-mediated costimulation can synergize with coinhibitory checkpoint

109 Antigen presentation, costimulation capacity, and transcription factor signatu

110 tor-kappaB pathway (TLR4, MYD88, and CD209), costimulation (CD80 and CTLA4), apoptosis (NLRP1), chemo

111 lass II expression, coupled with appropriate costimulation, correlated with lower leukemic burden.

112 numerous peripheral tissue antigens, lack of costimulation coupled to rapid high-level up-regulation

113 Such NA-mediated costimulation crucially induces Th2 differentiation by s

114 ludes T-cell receptor (TCR) self-reactivity, costimulation, cytokines, and antigen presentation by a

115 CD28, may be responsible for the age-related costimulation decline.

116 tization of MHC-disparate mouse strains with costimulation-deficient cells led to robust cytotoxicity

117 We reasoned that allosensitization with "costimulation-deficient" cells should induce DSA synthes

118 lying mechanisms of this differential T cell costimulation dependence and found that the viral contex

119 proteasome-dependent manner, explaining the costimulation dependence of anergy prevention.

120 We identified the miR-17-92 cluster as CD28 costimulation dependent, suggesting that it may be key f

121 The mechanism underpinning this costimulation did not involve enhanced inflammasome acti

122 ated that the phenotype of impaired negative costimulation, due to reduced levels of V-set domain-con

123 Selective interference with CD28-mediated costimulation during allergen exposure might be an attra

124 4 T cell help, CD40 signaling and CD28-based costimulation during allosensitization and could be reve

125 Because of their diminished requirements for costimulation during recall, these pathogen-elicited all

126 Most importantly, TRAIL-R costimulation efficiently inhibited alloantigen-induced

127 In both age groups, TLR-2 costimulation elicited activation of naive CD4(+) T cell

128 Additionally, costimulation enhanced mesangial cell proliferation comp

129 M4, induced C3 secretion from the cells, and costimulation enhanced this effect.

130 Thus, CD27 costimulation enhances expansion, effector function, and

131 In addition, costimulation experiments revealed a synergistic effect

132 distinctive propensity to use TLR-2-mediated costimulation for development into proinflammatory Th1 e

133 etermined the dependence on CD28/B7-mediated costimulation for expansion of naive and memory CD8(+) T

134 , PTEN-deficient T cells still required CD28 costimulation for IL-2 production and remained susceptib

135 nfection depends on CD4 T cell help and CD28 costimulation for inflationary expansion, but only on CD

136 quirement for actin remodeling, initiated by costimulation, for full TCR signaling.

137 d expansion was equipotent with CD55 or CD28 costimulation; however, CD55 costimulation resulted in t

138 of cell surface CD46 inhibited CD28-mediated costimulation, identifying autocrine CD46 signaling as d

139 ntain CD28, and, thereby, may provide T cell costimulation in an immune-suppressive environment, repr

140 T cells to EM cells only occurred from CD70 costimulation in concert with T-cell receptor (TCR) stim

141 In order to assess the role of B7 costimulation in DIO in a non-Treg-lacking environment,

142 led the Cxcl10 gene as a target of CD27/CD70 costimulation in newly activated CD8/ T cells.

143 al immune processes; however, the role of B7 costimulation in obesity-related liver inflammation is u

144 y, these results suggest a key role for CD28 costimulation in promoting a central Treg to eTreg trans

145 type of cell death, ranging from deficits in costimulation in the context of necrosis to a suboptimal

146 Our study demonstrates a dual role of B7 costimulation in the course of obesity-related sequelae,

147 part, by a differential requirement for CD28 costimulation in the development or differentiation of e

148 -experienced effector T cells, for which TLR costimulation in the GALT potently upregulates alpha4bet

149 reevaluated the contribution of CD28-CD80/86 costimulation in the LCMV system by use of CD80/86-defic

150 rtant implications for therapies that target costimulation in type 2 diabetes.

151 age of p100, upregulation of p52, and T cell costimulation independence.

152 , resulting in B cell hyperplasia and T cell costimulation-independence.

153 mponent of noncanonical NF-kappaB, were also costimulation independent, consistent with the negative

154 Blocking T cell costimulation induced long-term graft acceptance in both

155 T cell costimulation is a key component of adaptive immunity to

156 he opportunity to test whether inhibition of costimulation is an effective strategy to treat people w

157 ibited a low diffusion rate, suggesting that costimulation is controlled by a balance between the tra

158 To understand why CD28 costimulation is dispensable for gammadelta T cell activ

159 Thus, CD4+ T cell-dependent "negative" TIM-3 costimulation is essential for hepatic homeostasis and r

160 omatin-modifying enzyme Ezh2 induced by CD28 costimulation is essential for regulatory T (Treg) cell

161 CD28 costimulation is essential for the development of thymic

162 the allergen, interruption of CD28-mediated costimulation is highly effective in preventing airway i

163 we show that unlike in innate cells, T-cell costimulation is induced even by non-CpG DNA and by self

164 In summary, the effectiveness of CD28 costimulation is inversely proportional to the dimension

165 CD27/CD70 costimulation is known to promote activated T cell survi

166 d utilization by gammadelta T cells, as CD28 costimulation is known to promote glycolysis in alphabet

167 re, we analyzed how TRAIL-receptor (TRAIL-R) costimulation is modulating TCR-mediated activation of h

168 er, it remains unresolved as to whether CD28 costimulation is necessary for gammadelta T cell activat

169 Therefore, the ability of CD70 to trigger costimulation is self-regulated when it binds its comple

170 g cytokines and antigen-presenting-cell free costimulation, is a flexible therapeutic approach as pol

171 ignaling adaptor required for 4-1BB-mediated costimulation, is lost from chronically stimulated virus

172 In the present study, we show that CD46 costimulation leads to amplified microRNA (miR) expressi

173 signals that mimic a T cell response (IL-21 costimulation), ligation of CD32b, but not CD19, inhibit

174 2L expression in T cells (P < 0.04), reduced costimulation markers (CD40, DC80, and CD86), and reduce

175 ls (DCs) and increased surface expression of costimulation markers and production of interleukin (IL)

176 by imposing requirements for SP T cells and costimulation-mediated cross-talk in generation of the m

177 AIMS: The efficacy of abatacept, a selective costimulation modulator, in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulc

178 iven T-cell activation through the accessory costimulation molecules ICOSL and OX40L.

179 This explains why in vivo B7 costimulation neutralization efficiently silences a vari

180 nd chemokine inhibition, and the blockade of costimulation now also appear highly promising and very

181 Remarkably, our functional data shows that costimulation of both receptors by agonists reduces cell

182 NFRSF25 were observed to be divergent in the costimulation of CD4(+) T cell immunity.

183 Costimulation of CD4(+) T cells by HLA-DR(+) NK cells pr

184 ating NK cell receptors that plays a role in costimulation of CD8 T cells.

185 of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas costimulation of CD80 and PD-1 ameliorates GVHD.

186 domide was shown to mediate antigen-specific costimulation of human iNKT cells.

187 Costimulation of human mesangial cells with M4 and galac

188 In this study, we show that costimulation of human naive CD4(+) cells through CD97/C

189 importance of ligand dimensions for optimal costimulation of IL-2 production by T cells and suggest

190 in airway epithelial cells without excessive costimulation of IL-8 if the RIG-I/MAVS pathway is stimu

191 l and synaptic activation of NMDARs, whereas costimulation of ionotropic non-NMDAR glutamate receptor

192 However, costimulation of MCMV-memory NK cells with IL-12 and m15

193 hrine, and enhanced evoked potentials during costimulation of mGluR1 with 3,5-DHPG [(RS)-3,5-dihydrox

194 Costimulation of P2X1 and P2Y1 receptors generated a sup

195 We show in this study that costimulation of preselection double-positive thymocytes

196 esting cytomegalovirus genomes, we show that costimulation of protein kinase A and C-delta signaling

197 BP-J imposes a requirement for ITAM-mediated costimulation of RANKL or TNF-alpha-induced osteoclastog

198 and antigen-presenting cells led to reduced costimulation of T cells through CD137, reducing IFN-gam

199 ing RBP4-Ox mice with CTLA4-Ig, which blocks costimulation of T cells, is sufficient to reduce AT inf

200 e IFN-gamma secretion is enhanced by B7-CD28 costimulation of T cells, we sought to determine the eff

201 Differently, costimulation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7/8 enhances IL-1bet

202 Importantly, this costimulation of TLR2-induced cytokine secretion was dep

203 of adaptive memory cells, the roles of CD28 costimulation on established memory T lymphocytes and th

204 ts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plus IL-1beta costimulation on importin-7 expression, function, and gl

205 The effect of TIM-4 costimulation on T cell activation remains unclear.

206 ously treated with an agent targeting T-cell costimulation or checkpoint pathways.

207 ing clonal deletion by either a lack of CD28 costimulation or transgenic overexpression of the antiap

208 Specific blockade of T cell costimulation pathway is a promising immunomodulatory ap

209 Whereas the CD28 costimulation pathway predominantly controls priming of

210 odies directed against the CD40/CD154 T cell costimulation pathway.

211 is has led to exploring the blockade of some costimulation pathways as an efficient immunosuppressive

212 ve CD4(+) cells, IL-17 production after CD28 costimulation peaks on day 3, whereas costimulation with

213 Syk and Src kinases but is inhibited by CD19 costimulation, presumably through activation of the PI3K

214 Taken together, dual costimulation programs tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells to de

215 han wild type T cells, and in the absence of costimulation proliferated to a degree intermediate betw

216 SLAMF3 costimulation promotes Treg differentiation from naive C

217 Whereas the costimulation properties of Th1 cells are well studied,

218 hese cells were strictly dependent on ICOS-L costimulation provided by tumor plasmacytoid dendritic c

219 s found in many other disease conditions, B7 costimulation reduced adipose inflammation by maintainin

220 t CD28 costimulation augments, whereas 4-1BB costimulation reduces, exhaustion induced by persistent

221 ntitative integration of antigen display and costimulation regulates downstream checkpoints responsib

222 ction of nucleic acids (NAs)-mediated T cell costimulation remains unclear.

223 the patches increased following at-resonance costimulation, reproducing the increased fMRI connectivi

224 Taken together, these data demonstrate CD28-costimulation requirement for CD8 T cell rescue and sugg

225 ontrast to their alphabeta counterparts, the costimulation requirements of gammadelta T cells remain

226 tudied, relatively little is known about the costimulation requirements of microbe-elicited Th17 cell

227 Unlike costimulation with anti-CD28, SLAM costimulation requires the presence of the adaptor molec

228 ade, and antigenic signals in the absence of costimulation result in a tolerant state that is enforce

229 CAR-mediated CD28 and 4-1BB costimulation resulted in similar levels of T cell persi

230 th CD55 or CD28 costimulation; however, CD55 costimulation resulted in two IL-10-secreting population

231 T cell receptor engagement in the absence of costimulation results in a hyporesponsive state termed a

232 ll receptor (TCR) coreceptor CD3 and CD28, a costimulation signal essential for cell activation.

233 primed CD8/ T cells in response to CD27/CD70 costimulation, signals to other primed CD8(+) T cells in

234 LY108 costimulation similarly increased human iNKT cell activa

235 ts in T cell activation, particularly in the costimulation step, have been associated with many autoi

236 First, TLR-FcgammaRIIa costimulation strongly increased transcription of pro-IL

237 Indeed, LTbetaR costimulation synergistically enhanced the late RelA/NF-

238 ammadelta T cells are less dependent on CD28 costimulation than alphabeta T cells.

239 IL-2 but is less dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation than that of Tcon.

240 inducing Th1 cells operated by affecting DC costimulation that amplified TCR signaling.

241 les important for Ag presentation and T cell costimulation, that is, beta2-microglobulin, MHC II, CD4

242 tion for IL-36R in vivo, we showed that dual costimulation therapy reduced B16 melanoma tumor growth

243 indicate that RBP-J suppresses ITAM-mediated costimulation, thereby limiting crosstalk between ITAM a

244 ion and proliferation of T(CD8), but lack of costimulation through 4-1BB leads to rapid high-level ex

245 bition of cathepsin S molecules, blockade of costimulation through administration of abatacept and in

246 Combined costimulation through both CD28 and CD81 resulted in an

247 Costimulation through CD28 is critical for optimal activ

248 Evidence indicates that inhibiting costimulation through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is central

249 ared the impact of anti-CD3 stimulation plus costimulation through TLR-2 performed in the absence of

250 nd - in the case of second-generation CARs - costimulation to augment T cell functionality and persis

251 APCs) capable of providing early priming and costimulation to CD4(+) T cells.

252 lls dramatically boosted the ability of dual costimulation to control the growth of established B16 m

253 pointing to a possible contribution of NTB-A costimulation to T cell functional diversity.

254 , tolerance induction by TD antigens without costimulation triggers the development of regulatory T c

255 Thus, neutralizing B7 costimulation uncovers an essential role for Tregs in se

256 In contrast, inhibition of B7 costimulation under conditions where Tregs are present m

257 cytoskeleton pharmacologically or providing costimulation via CD28 'rescued' those defects.

258 lf-peptide ligand in a way that conventional costimulation via CD28 could not.

259 CR alone to WT levels but had no effect when costimulation via CD28 was provided.

260 Costimulation via CD81 might be useful for expansion of

261 constructs revealed that the most effective costimulation was achieved in IFPs containing a dimerizi

262 B7-costimulation was also necessary for effective PD-1 ther

263 riomeningitis virus (LCMV), CD28/B7-mediated costimulation was dispensable for accumulation of LCMV-s

264 We found that ICOS costimulation was important for the functional maintenan

265 Unexpectedly, CD70-CD27 costimulation was not needed for memory CD8 T cell gener

266 Although costimulation was previously thought to be indispensable

267 ed B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, but IL-4 costimulation was sufficient to restore BCR-induced prol

268 pression, which normally occurs after TNFRII costimulation, was impaired in SSc T cells.

269 Through our studies of T cell costimulation, we generated transgenic mice expressing a

270 cope movies of GFP-tagged T cells undergoing costimulation, we learned models containing putative cau

271 d helper functions and are less dependent on costimulation when compared with naive T cells.

272 genous mechanism of defective VTCN1 negative costimulation, which affects both lymphoid and periphera

273 lls are uniquely sensitive to TLR-2-mediated costimulation, which enabled them to produce equivalent

274 ts (CTLA4-Ig), FR104 selectively blunts CD28 costimulation while sparing CTLA-4 and PD-L1 coinhibitor

275 Ig), selective CD28 antagonists blunt T cell costimulation while sparing CTLA-4 and PD-L1-dependent c

276 Inhibition of CD28-mediated costimulation with abatacept does not seem to alter the

277 In contrast, costimulation with anti-CD28 failed to enhance Egr-2 bin

278 Unlike costimulation with anti-CD28, SLAM costimulation require

279 Costimulation with anti-Siglec-8 and IL-5 significantly

280 r CD28 costimulation peaks on day 3, whereas costimulation with anti-SLAMF3 and anti-SLAMF6 Abs resul

281 hat the kinase PKC-theta was sumoylated upon costimulation with antigen or via the TCR plus the corec

282 Costimulation with catecholamines, carcinoembryonic anti

283 ging tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells during dual costimulation with CD134 plus CD137 that provide help vi

284 rat heart allograft model, preventing T cell costimulation with CD40Ig leads to indefinite allograft

285 Costimulation with CXCL9 desensitized the chemotaxis of

286 Costimulation with IFN-gamma selectively attenuated bind

287 bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection and costimulation with IFN-gamma, we observed that MPhi argi

288 ally induced in primary human NK cells after costimulation with IL-12 and IL-18, or with IL-12 and CD

289 urvival and antibody secretion, whereas CD40 costimulation with IL-21 or IFN-gamma promotes a T-bet+

290 cellular Toll-like receptor 9 was induced by costimulation with interleukin-8 and ammonia.

291 In contrast, costimulation with LPS plus insulin drives robust anti-i

292 Costimulation with Ly108 increased expression of early g

293 rentiated to macrophage-like cells (D-U1) by costimulation with phorbol esters and urokinase-type pla

294 Costimulation with R-spondin and its binding to HS chain

295 Costimulation with the ligand of GITR elicited dose-depe

296 Here we report that following costimulation with the ligands R-spondin1 and Wnt3a, LGR

297 Costimulation with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 significantly

298 Costimulation with TNFRI-selective ligands and soluble T

299 F further increased IL-6 expression, whereas costimulation with TNFRII led to greater release of sIL-

300 f primitive neural stem cells, we found that costimulation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (V) and