ライフサイエンスコーパス: costly

1 sistant counterparts if resistance genes are costly.

2 FA and SBRT-RFA were less effective and more costly.

3 Y performed on an outpatient basis was least costly.

4 offspring associations are likely to be less costly.

5 on of patients with chest pain is common and costly.

6 ion after pancreatic resection is common and costly.

7 ge and reduce disease burden, but it is more costly.

8 's fundamental thermal niche, but relatively costly.

9 However, ranibizumab injections are costly.

10 Such experiments are still relatively costly.

11 ion to ensure that the favor will not be too costly.

12 -adjusted life years, respectively) and more costly.

13 ive behavioural therapy (CBT)-is complex and costly.

14 evices that, on average, were one-third less costly.

15 n the 1 to 100 nm scale, time-consuming, and costly.

16 to be extremely challenging and economically costly.

17 efractive error phenotype is challenging and costly.

18 rols can be challenging, time-consuming, and costly.

19 e methods are less widely available and more costly.

20 atitis C are highly effective, but extremely costly.

21 ses with decreasing EV as stakes became more costly.

22 quantitation, which is slow, laboursome and costly.

23 th care with fewer complications but is more costly.

24 ides a collective benefit, but is considered costly.

25 ding and tubule formation energetically less costly.

26 ead increased activity as stakes became more costly.

27 ll as a controlled behavioural arena, can be costly.

28 assay (Xpert) may be more efficient and less costly.

29 ted molecular discrimination and is slow and costly.

30 ypically be decided against as infeasible or costly.

31 substrate interactions is time-consuming and costly.

32 differentiation protocols are laborious and costly.

33 y they result in an experience of control as costly.

34 thma ("difficult asthma") is challenging and costly.

35 ric method and the chromatographic method is costly.

36 allocation fundamentally difficult, and thus costly?

37 A long and costly administration of antibiotics is needed to clear

38 iminate them before invoking computationally costly alignment algorithms.

39 r monoclonal antibodies can be prolonged and costly, alternative treatments should be investigated.

40 find drug development programs increasingly costly and burdensome, and many promising compounds fail

41 ured using multi-region sampling but this is costly and challenging to implement.

42 Pressure ulcers are serious, avoidable, costly and common adverse outcomes of healthcare.

43 osis (bTB); the control of which is complex, costly and controversial.

44 ilable, clinically validated assays that are costly and difficult to access.

45 roach to cockroach abatement; however, it is costly and difficult to implement.

46 trodes, such as carbon or gold/platinum, are costly and difficult to microfabricate.

47 ent for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is costly and does not protect from re-infection.

48 ectrolytes are needed, making processes less costly and enabling easier purification.

49 throughput experimental approaches are still costly and existing computational approaches are still s

50 nal inactivated vaccines used in animals are costly and have relatively low efficiency, which impedes

51 establish the usefulness of this platform in costly and highly morbid diabetic wounds by identifying

52 ession can be delivered without the need for costly and highly trained professionals.

53 transplantation (LT) recipients, but HBIG is costly and inconvenient to administer, prompting conside

54 and metastatic cancer stages and leading to costly and invasive surgeries.

55 tions may limit use and increase reliance on costly and less effective alternatives, often aerosolize

56 00), and this strategy was consistently more costly and less effective than alternatives for all hosp

57 ly and more effective than BCDT but was less costly and less effective than ET with an echinocandin (

58 using PREVAIL trial data, Watchman was more costly and less effective than warfarin and dabigatran.

59 This top-down method is time-consuming, costly and low-yield and it produces fragmented nanoshee

60 T2DT was less costly and more effective than BCDT but was less costly

61 AP was less costly and more effective than no AP for all patients at

62 iversal and targeted decolonization are less costly and more effective than screening and isolation.

63 robability of endovascular repair being less costly and more effective was 56.8% when effectiveness w

64 ation, and universal decolonization are less costly and more effective.

65 point-of-care Ebola tests supporting a less costly and more mobile response could have been availabl

66 chain" of continuous refrigeration; this is costly and not always effective, as any break in the cha

67 However, current treatment options are costly and not very effective and/or need to be administ

68 ch are available; however, these systems are costly and often restrict the flexibility and customizat

69 Dental caries is a costly and prevalent disease characterized by the demine

70 e to perform behaviors that are individually costly and provide negligible individual or social benef

71 Adverse events owing to PHS are costly and represent a quality improvement target.

72 is greatest against cycling females, (2) is costly and represents the main source of injuries for cy

73 is typically proprietary, non-customizable, costly and requires a high level of skill to use and mai

74 Rehabilitation of BRDAs is therefore often costly and resource/infrastructure intensive.

75 quencing, but currently this process remains costly and risks missing small clones.

76 ety and efficacy studies before embarking on costly and risky clinical trials.

77 ng the content of the genome by avoiding the costly and slow process of cytokinesis [1, 3, 4].

78 resolution of nucleotides, it is relatively costly and so several studies have used alternative meth

79 used for label-free kinetic assays; however, costly and sophisticated setups are required, decreasing

80 hemotherapy was said to be too toxic and too costly and that it required administration expertise bey

81 that living in groups containing breeders is costly and that such costs are exacerbated by increasing

82 ertheless, experimental approaches are still costly and time consuming for large scale identification

83 ation of biological molecules are limited to costly and time consuming processes such as high pressur

84 on; these, however, can be non-standardized, costly and time consuming processes.

85 h detergents, purification procedures can be costly and time consuming.

86 ngle fibre draw, providing an alternative to costly and time-consuming iterative fibre drawing.

87 on level (desalted) and without the need for costly and time-consuming post-synthesis correction meth

88 ion experiments are labour-intensive, sample-costly and time-consuming, and it has been assumed that

89 The differentiation process is very costly and time-consuming, because many specific factors

90 Conventional top-down fabrications are costly and time-consuming, whereas natural self-assembly

91 portant tools for cancer research but can be costly and time-consuming.

92 without developing new clones, which can be costly and time-consuming.

93 s are mostly based on immunoassays which are costly and times-consuming.

94 Hospital readmissions are common and costly and, in some cases, may be related to problems wi

95 Heart failure is a common, costly, and debilitating syndrome that is associated wit

96 tegy, applied in S. aureus carriers only, is costly, and implementation may reduce effectiveness.

97 films, but until now it has been difficult, costly, and impractical to fabricate such nanowires in p

98 idate gene analysis have often been limited, costly, and slow to yield new insights, but the advent o

99 gery, device-related reoperation was common, costly, and varied widely across hospital referral regio

100 em directly (lethal effects) and by inducing costly antipredator behaviours in living prey (risk effe

101 ic analyses that are more time consuming and costly are warranted.

102 how that common conjugal plasmids, even when costly, are indeed transferred at sufficiently high rate

103 rapidly improving, they remain too noisy and costly at present for population-level studies.

104 is reported, which can lead to laborious and costly attempts to provide biological validation.

105 existing technologies, that are complex and costly, beam shaping with optical feedback is a more fle

106 However, lateralization might be costly because it increases predictability [17-21].

107 They are very costly because the image analysis workflows are required

108 Microbes perform many costly biological functions that benefit themselves, and

109 pears to divert resources from energetically costly biomass production to improve resilience.

110 obesity, and associated diseases, imposing a costly burden on current health care.

111 the 90-90-90 HIV suppression target would be costly but very effective and cost-effective in South Af

112 is an alternative choice to the complex and costly candidate gene approach, particularly for patient

113 , its broad employment has been inhibited by costly catalysts and low energy conversion efficiency, m

114 Sleep loss, a costly challenge of modern society, has profound physiol

115 al oxide nanostructure synthesis methods are costly, complicated, non-scalable, environmentally hazar

116 olonizing diabetic foot ulcers, a common and costly complication of diabetes, and its association wit

117 a or bloodstream infection is a frequent and costly complication resulting from biofilm fouling of me

118 ia (IH) remains a common, highly morbid, and costly complication.

119 o test the null-hypothesis, which avoids the costly computation of inversions.

120 prognosis, and management of this common and costly condition.

121 , the associated slow microbial kinetics and costly construction materials has limited a much wider c

122 se challenges, many have limitations such as costly consumables, low pressure capabilities, limited p

123 t persists when and because individuals make costly contributions to their group's fighting capacity,

124 The evolution of costly cooperation, where cooperators pay a personal cos

125 o track genetic relatedness and ensures that costly cooperative traits are only activated once a cell

126 as well as biotic invasions which can cause costly crop instabilities.

127 to remove these radioactive noble gases is a costly cryogenic distillation; alternatively, porous mat

128 are thus numerous, but their implementation costly, damaging to non-target species, and ineffective

129 Through these transformations, otherwise costly denitrification can be combined with the synthesi

130 surgical treatment could be more or equally costly depending on insurance coverage.

131 are currently challenging to identify due to costly diagnostic tools that involve extensive technical

132 alth-care systems to manage this complex and costly disease.

133 e and holistic solutions in preventing these costly diseases.

134 Depression is a common, debilitating, and costly disorder.

135 diabetes (T2D) is among the most common and costly disorders worldwide.

136 tegies to combat the long-term and extremely costly effect of these wartime injuries.

137 hat can potentially ameliorate the broad and costly effects of early adversity.

138 ns will not be known until the completion of costly efficacy clinical trials.

139 ymptoms with a reduced willingness to expend costly effort, often observed in patients with schizophr

140 ould focus on these common, complicated, and costly EGS procedures.

141 xplaining increased abundance of neutral and costly elements in larger genomes.

142 arily expensive therapies are used when less costly, equally effective options are available.

143 sive, labor-intensive, and require bulky and costly equipment.

144 ormatics and visualization tools can prevent costly errors.

145 mediation of 1,4-dioxane is often limited to costly ex situ UV-based advanced oxidation.

146 ast and sensitive or require complicated and costly experimental rigs.

147 al parameters in silico, rather than through costly experimental trial and error.

148 inding, but typically requires laborious and costly experiments for each TF-cell-type (TFCT) conditio

149 dict optimal therapy and leading to long and costly experiments.

150 nd planning experiments without the need for costly experiments.

151 rrently, multiple modalities are utilized in costly fashion with burdensome logistics and decreased a

152 PCPs felt compelled but frustrated to pursue costly follow-up for incidental imaging findings of limi

153 Bread staling is one of the most costly food deterioration processes.

154 unfavorable outcomes that can be exceedingly costly for application of gene editing in primate specie

155 bservation or expensive detectors, which are costly for future pervasive monitoring.

156 alkyne slippage, which is energetically less costly for gold than for platinum and explains the prope

157 g., in terms of mating and reproduction) but costly for older people in deprived communities who woul

158 age (ARD) management is both challenging and costly for operating and legacy mine sites.

159 ide a collective benefit, but are considered costly for the individual.

160 choosing the prosocial option was materially costly for the subject (experiment 2).

161 Not only was this coagulant increase costly for the utility, it also resulted in compromised

162 yoff-maximizing will find TPP to be less net costly (for example, because mechanisms that incentivize

163 Despite being time-consuming and costly, generating genome-edited pigs holds great promis

164 rs: secretions to harvest resources, loss of costly genes whose products can be obtained from others,

165 Costly, genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are us

166 Phases predicted to be particularly costly have not been reported in nature.

167 g onto a highly fragmented, inefficient, and costly health system.

168 ing this intervention, participants received costly help equally often from an out-group member (expe

169 Costly helping, in contrast, is a strong and highly used

170 Because confirmatory testing averted costly HIV care and ART in truly HIV-uninfected infants,

171 important role in neural communication) and costly (i.e., they extend over long anatomical distances

172 elease fertilizer, is highly attractive, but costly if large amounts of Mg have to be added.

173 induced agricultural loss is one of the most costly impacts of extreme weather(1-3), and without miti

174 We caution that the costly imposition of sex analysis on nearly all animal r

175 ls to prioritize chemicals for evaluation in costly in vivo tests, for instance, within the U.S. EPA

176 ry intervention (PCI) is common, morbid, and costly; increases patients' mortality risk; and can be m

177 alized more frequently and treated with more costly inpatient therapies such as AF catheter ablation,

178 sifying international trade will allow these costly insects to spread into new areas, but substantial

179 -site testing of S. aureus without using any costly instruments.

180 levels autonomously, bypassing the need for costly integrity monitoring and membrane replacement pra

181 hesized that if male pheromone production is costly, it should be reduced in the dry season form.

182 to filter genes of interest, thus, reducing costly lab studies.

183 rivatization approach overcomes the need for costly labeled standards.

184 hich requires extensive sample manipulation, costly labels for detection, and is prone to bias/artifa

185 ent "gold-standard" viral outgrowth assay is costly, labor-intensive, and requires large numbers of c

186 Teaching is predicted when less costly learning mechanisms are insufficient.

187 ions, it does approach an only slightly more costly local minimum.

188 es the ability to efficiently fuel bursts of costly locomotion while maximizing energy conservation d

189 tus) are reported to hunt with energetically costly long chase distances.

190 lternatives to the use of biologics and less costly long-term disease management.

191 vels comparable to those of groups featuring costly material sanctions.

192 distinguishing members of the two groups via costly mechanisms such as surveillance, background check

193 race and/or gender often exist in the use of costly medical advances as they become available.

194 its and also burdens the group with socially costly members.

195 ould replace other more labour intensive and costly methods, such as transplanting adult shoots, if d

196 Why risk making costly mistakes?

197 to control and eradicate in part due to the costly nature of surveillance and poor sensitivity of di

198 nthropometry can be helpful, these are often costly, nonspecific, and unsuitable for evaluating progr

199 and plant biology, but current solutions are costly, not versatile or are difficult to deploy.

200 is a common task but often a computationally costly one.

201 o-induction was the least effective and most costly option in both risk groups.

202 y supported management can have detrimental, costly or irreversible impacts on the environment and so

203 ctra have been developed, but they are often costly or lack the sophistication of their proteomics co

204 es to remove discordant transcripts, and are costly or simply ad hoc.

205 with early-childhood caries, a prevalent and costly oral disease.

206 ificant implications for the construction of costly peak generating capacity, suggesting additional p

207 important ramifications for the location of costly peak-generating capacity, transmission infrastruc

208 tudy of patients undergoing 1 of the 30 most costly pediatric surgical operations at 45 children's ho

209 en the duration of tuberculosis treatment in costly phase 3 trials has raised serious questions about

210 emerged as a promising alternative to their costly platinum (Pt)-based counterparts in polymer elect

211 Delirium is a common, morbid, and costly postoperative complication.

212 ntly needed to replace conventional long and costly pre-clinical testing in the new drug administrati

213 ous shared experience can allow individually costly pro-group behavior to evolve.

214 ed randomised controlled trial LC was a more costly procedure and quality of life did not differ afte

215 technically demanding, labor-intensive, and costly procedure with poor embryo viability.

216 ty cognitive subspecialty, using complex and costly procedures and medications.

217 is highly desirable to control this entropy-costly process using tailored stabilizing agents.

218 specialized geometries, a time-consuming and costly process when optimizing in-droplet assays.

219 pment of new chemotherapeutics is a long and costly process.

220 We propose that energy for the costly protein synthesis is reduced by three mechanisms

221 BPD)-one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric conditions-is characterized by repeat

222 ted risk to households, thereby generating a costly public health problem.

223 uistic punishment in the UG is better termed costly punishment and may be motivated by social, but no

224 sity of connectivity, D c , when there is no costly punishment applied, increases average payoff.

225 (1) Introducing diversity to costly punishment favors both cooperation and defection,

226 Introducing costly punishment to diversity disfavors defection but f

227 (2) Costly Punishment, alone, disfavors defection but decrea

228 r's Dilemma games were designed to study how costly punishment, diversity, and density of connectivit

229 ng time, especially during the energetically costly pup-rearing period.

230 accine that replaces current complicated and costly RABV PEP.IMPORTANCE Effective RABV PEP is current

231 te pancreatitis is among the most common and costly reasons for hospitalization in the United States.

232 Because PCI readmission is common and costly, reducing PCI readmission offers provider organiz

233 thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots.

234 edly reduced investment in these potentially costly sensory perception systems.

235 quirements associated with the expression of costly sexual traits, leading to dynamic changes in trai

236 In addition to the higher proportion of more costly, shorter-latency Mauthner-active responses to gre

237 e present a game theoretic model of TPP as a costly signal of trustworthiness.

238 We tested the idea that a less costly "sneaking" strategy could be successful by quanti

239 Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a costly source of morbidity and mortality among older per

240 n vivo, directly inhibiting a central energy-costly step of reproductive maturation.

241 dvantageous compared to the alternative less costly strategy, but quantifying the relative success of

242 bly strategies, Architect does not require a costly subassembly step; instead it assembles genomes di

243 s could potentially increase the use of less costly substitutes.

244 Cognitive control is subjectively costly, suggesting that engagement is modulated in relat

245 monal status to their male partners to avoid costly superfluous mating, using an anti-aphrodisiac phe

246 via passive buoyancy rather than more energy-costly swimming.

247 architectures, and the stochastic and energy-costly switching of memristors complicate the path to ac

248 ocessing pipeline that encodes data to avoid costly synthesis and sequencing errors, enables random a

249 e of new cancer diagnoses was generally more costly than care of previously established diagnoses.

250 munologic failure is more effective and less costly than CD4 monitoring in Cote d'Ivoire.

251 nd-line IPI was both more effective and less costly than dacarbazine followed by IPI then NIVO, or IP

252 sion of individual states (stations) is more costly than encoding a sequence of contexts (lines) and

253 gradation, a remediation option that is less costly than engineered approaches.

254 Use of patient reports, which are less costly than medical record audits, is a reasonable appro

255 Risk-stratified testing was less costly than MR cholangiopancreatography, with long-term

256 on energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways.

257 However, some escape strategies are more costly than others, and so it would be beneficial to add

258 and was the most rapid assay, but it is more costly than phenotypic assays.

259 nd colonoscopy to be more effective and less costly than the MT-sDNA test when participation rates we

260 igh-volume hospitals were significantly more costly than those performed at low-volume hospitals ($24

261 years were dominant (more effective and less costly) than MT-sDNA every 3 years.

262 ective direct-acting antiviral therapies are costly, the price of a cure is a 1-time investment that

263 e the unnecessary activation of a defense is costly, the shame system should estimate the magnitude o

264 n the lower-risk patient strata, a currently costly therapy that still has important complications wi

265 Because punishment is costly, this gives rise to the second-order social dilem

266 Psychological treatments remain costly, time intensive, and developmentally sensitive fo

267 ed structural and functional complexity, yet costly, time- and energy-consuming high-resolution seque

268 ting treatment needs, these examinations are costly, time-consuming, and impractical for assessing po

269 Although it is assumed to be costly to be exploited, mechanisms to control exploitati

270 t with our hypothesis that large genomes are costly to build and maintain under N and P limitation.

271 al data are traditionally more difficult and costly to collect, but more accurately reflect patients'

272 t is required for surface attachment, but is costly to express.

273 ype of cellular and tissue states but can be costly to generate at massive scale.

274 ral sources, which can be time consuming and costly to generate, our approach involves precursors der

275 light intensity, carrying endosymbionts was costly to hosts in the dark and conferred no benefit ove

276 Since it is time-consuming and costly to measure the binding between large numbers of H

277 adults during a lottery choice task in which costly to more desirable stakes were depicted using low

278 Although more costly to obtain, dynamic measures yield significant res

279 olled replication to understand the behavior costly to perform.

280 If mutualisms are costly to plants, then they must be important but freque

281 However, they are computationally costly to reconstruct, usually being infeasible for more

282 cedures that are troublesome to patients and costly to the healthcare system.

283 ractions in Nephila that may be particularly costly to the rarer species.

284 ing: they occur in a learner's presence, are costly to the teacher, and improve the learner's perform

285 rs used in such hybrid systems are typically costly, toxic, and/or fragile, with limited chemical ver

286 Coevolution results in more convex (costly) trade-offs and lower prey diversity compared to

287 ental health workers with less intensive and costly training, with no lesser effect than CBT.

288 sexual characters suggests that evolving any costly trait or strategy will pay off and stabilise in t

289 Colicin expression is a costly trait, and it has been proposed that only a small

290 Male fitness depends on the expression of costly traits involved in obtaining mates (pre-copulator

291 rporate costs and benefits of two coevolving costly traits: cooperative and local cohesive tendencies

292 e ZA every 3 months because it was the least costly treatment.

293 sly generated, thus eliminating the need for costly two-step processing.

294 plants have resorted to effective, but more costly UV/H2O2.

295 on of resources to biofilms is thought to be costly, we found no evidence for a trade-off between fit

296 e in goal-directed behavior, but can also be costly when deployed excessively, necessitating a mechan

297 e is effective and cheap initially, but gets costly when predators coevolve.

298 in deceased donor kidney transplantation is costly, with wide discrepancy in utilization and a limit

299 an only be produced via energy-intensive and costly wrought processes, while titanium alloys produced

300 elimination of only the budget surplus for "costly yet futile" recovery plans can provide sufficient