ライフサイエンスコーパス: crack

1 ction is revealed normal to the trace of the crack.

2 e critical load for nucleation of the median crack.

3 ior can be parameterized by the width of the crack.

4 tical solution of a suddenly expanding shear crack.

5 cus on detecting mechanical deformations and cracks.

6 follow the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks.

7 st and then through the propagation of micro-cracks.

8 tes, including detection of deformations and cracks.

9 trol material failure and guide the paths of cracks.

10 ger than that associated with the hopping of cracks.

11 es to pathogen entry points including branch cracks.

12 may play a role in the formation of lacquer cracks.

13 re zirconia nanoparticles arrest propagating cracks.

14 vol. %) comprised of both vesicles and micro-cracks.

15 ures with large columnar grains and periodic cracks.

16 to evaluate structural integrity and natural cracks.

17 pproach for hydrogen production from methane-cracking.

18 e mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking.

19 s is required if they are to be resistant to cracking.

20 on/delithiation due to phase aggregation and cracking.

21 t introduces drawbacks such as intergranular cracking.

22 process for ethylene produced through steam cracking.

23 y continue these activities while others are cracking.

24 loma (5.7%), diffuse atrophy (6.4%), lacquer cracks (2.6%), intrachoroidal cavitation (2.2%), patchy

25 cracks; and Type III - hybrid or complicated cracks, a combination of a Type I and Type III cracks, w

26 For central cracking (an earlier transition state), DeltaHintdouble

27 bit superior mechanical enhancements against crack and delamination phenomena.

28 A crack and its propagation is a challenging multiscale ma

29 al crack opening and healing during multiple cracking and autonomous repair cycles at a temperature o

30 h the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep air pockets, potentially allowing path

31 re on the kinetics of n-butane monomolecular cracking and dehydrogenation are investigated for eight

32 gger and DeltaSintdouble dagger for terminal cracking and dehydrogenation decrease for a given channe

33 Concurrently, selectivities to terminal cracking and dehydrogenation decrease relative to centra

34 y or use planar films that cause problems in cracking and delamination during flexing or heating.

35 injection moulding, in which solidification cracking and hot tearing are also common issues.

36 re structural materials must be resistant to cracking and oxidation.

37 We show strong confinement of thin film cracks and arbitrary steering of their propagation by in

38 analyses show that these RSFs originate from cracks and dislocations within the bilayer MoS2.

39 MoS2 cycled electrode showed mud-cracks and film delamination whereas SiCN-MoS2 electrode

40 -engineering approaches via strain-dependent cracks and folds to realize the following four mechanoch

41 the Li stripping/plating process results in cracks and fractures of the solid electrolyte interphase

42 teron separation factor of around 8, despite cracks and imperfections.

43 ural features were detected, with DM showing cracks and pores.

44 how electrolyte additives can heal electrode cracks and provide strategies to enhance the fracture re

45 eviate its mechanical strain without forming cracks and pulverization upon lithiation/de-lithiation.

46 ture can stimulate or suppress the growth of cracks and steer or arrest their propagation.

47 te highly ordered cracks such as oscillatory cracks and to manipulate via elaborate control of mechan

48 e, exposed at surface defects such as steps, cracks, and cavities, are thought to be responsible for

49 II - vertically (occluso-gingival) oriented cracks; and Type III - hybrid or complicated cracks, a c

50 Cracks appeared as bright lines with SS-OCT, with 3 crac

51 We also have showed that the cracks are directly implementable into a nano/micro-chan

52 In addition, cracks are formed leading to strain relaxation, highly a

53 g and monitoring of material degradation and cracks are increasingly required for characterizing the

54 The intragranular cracks are noticed to be characteristically initiated fr

55 the Spirit traverse and find that Mars rock cracks are oriented in statistically preferred direction

56 Thus the interactions exhibited by the cracks arise from symmetry, from the initial geometry, a

57 totype is presented, which can replicate the crack arresting mechanisms embedded in the natural archi

58 heet of varying grain sizes and pre-existing cracks at room temperature.

59 possibility for large-scale manufacturing of crack-based or crack-derived assemblies and materials fo

60 dehydrogenation decrease relative to central cracking because DeltaSintdouble dagger decreases for th

61 estructive 3D imaging and analysis of enamel crack behavior in whole human teeth in vitro.

62 study was to nondestructively analyze enamel crack behavior on different areas of teeth using 3D swep

63 clinical studies for the analysis of enamel crack behavior.

64 A statistical study of the cracking behavior as a function of crystal orientation i

65 stress patterns but significantly different cracking behaviors and cycling performances: 95% capacit

66 A simple analytical model captures crack behaviour at the onset of propagation, while a two

67 with significant extrinsic toughening, from crack bridging and "brick" pull-out, in the image of nat

68 ontributions to toughening are the resulting crack bridging and plastic deformation of the metallic p

69 that exist in nature, not only for thin film cracks but also for cracks ranging in scale.

70 ctants can cause tonometer tips to swell and crack by dissolving the glue that holds the hollow tip t

71 We conclude that nut-cracking by adults can promote the development of sustai

72 These cracks can also be formed by modification of the layers

73 Our results demonstrate that healed cracks can have sufficient mechanical integrity to make

74 The tonometer tip cracks can irritate the cornea, harbor microbes, or allo

75 show that although fresh nuts are easier to crack, capuchin monkeys used larger stone tools to open

76 l study evaluated 106 individuals exposed to crack cocaine and 106 never exposed, matched for age, se

77 ssion was used to model associations between crack cocaine and periodontitis (at least three sites wi

78 sers and investigate the association between crack cocaine and periodontitis after adjustments for co

79 Crack cocaine can alter functions related to the immune

80 ontal status between crack cocaine users and crack cocaine non-users and investigate the association

81 udy is to compare periodontal status between crack cocaine users and crack cocaine non-users and inve

82 LiMO2 electrode particle, with the extent of cracking correlated to the magnitude of the size change,

83 Surface cracks create sites for pathogen invasion.

84 ion of the metallic particles, together with crack deflection and interfacial debonding, which is com

85 th lower crack-initiation toughness and less crack deflection at osteonal boundaries than that of bis

86 ace provides a weak microstructural path for crack deflection, accounting for the crack patterns and

87 the dental-enamel junction and enamel tufts, crack deflections, and the initiation of new cracks with

88 large-scale manufacturing of crack-based or crack-derived assemblies and materials for use in optics

89 nvariant features for artificial and natural cracks detection have been demonstrated that the propose

90 onch shell is the generation of pathways for crack deviation, which can be generalized to the design

91 cal modulus mismatch (CMM), below which ring cracking dominates irrespective of the indenter size.

92 idate the failure mechanisms, solidification cracking during arc welding of steel are investigated in

93 Long-range crack energy dissipation enabled by 3D interlocking stru

94 ms of symbiosis in cultivated peanut with a 'crack entry' infection process are largely understudied.

95 wide manner in peanut representative of the 'crack entry' species.

96 However, nc-silicene with pre-existing cracks exhibits anomalous crack propagation and fracture

97 Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologi

98 micrometer-sized, real-life fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle.

99 Precipitation of crack-filling microspar was driven by methanogenesis-rel

100 coalescence of micro-cavities to form micro-cracks first and then through the propagation of micro-c

101 ilar to those recorded in the propagation of cracks, fluid fronts in porous media, and ferromagnetic

102 toms that resulted in the formation of pores/cracks for catalyst thin films that are less, similar30

103 by-products are accomplished via these pores/cracks for the thin catalyst films.

104 ient mechanical integrity to make subsequent cracks form elsewhere upon reloading after healing.

105 en present beneath the site at which lacquer cracks form in pathologic myopia.

106 ifferent mechanisms including shear banding, crack formation and delamination.

107 Herein, we report that crack formation can be effectively harnessed by elaborat

108 ) allowed direct, non-invasive monitoring of crack formation in the film coatings upon exposure to th

109 ated polymer and largely delays the onset of crack formation under strain.

110 m the scratch at the onset of either chip or crack formation.

111 ilar to those compiled herein for Earth rock cracks found in mid-latitude deserts.

112 xN}/AlN, and (c) Thin-GaN/AlN, so as to have crack-free and low-bow (<50 mum) wafer.

113 sions as primary due to their enclosure in a crack-free host as shown by transmission X-ray microscop

114 n approach that enables us to create sizable crack-free MAPbX3 single crystals with volumes exceeding

115 ove melting point were employed to fabricate crack-free P(VDF-TrFE) thick films.

116 Crack-free semi-polar [Formula: see text] Al x Ga1-x N e

117 Dense and crack-free silicon-oxycarbide-based microparts with feat

118 a function of tensile strain to resolve the crack-free structural transformation.

119 rained poly(dimethylsiloxane) slabs achieved crack-free surface wrinkling at high strain regimes not

120 The growth of thick (19 microm), crack-free, and pure GaN layers on Si with the lowest th

121 Crack-free, equiaxed (that is, with grains roughly equal

122 Crack-free, ligand-free, phase-pure nanostructured solid

123 , predicting the initiation of intragranular cracks from grain boundaries or particle surfaces.

124 these reasons, we focused on the origins of crack generation from phase transformations and structur

125 gy release rates, which cause not only micro-crack generations of secondary particles on the interfac

126 However, as a crack grows, samples with positive strength gradients ex

127 directs crack propagation, promoting stable crack growth and increasing the fracture resistance by a

128 s enabling viewing and measurement of stable crack growth directly.

129 minate fracture toughness, strength and slow crack growth in ceramics.

130 allowing to directly view and measure stable crack growth in silicon carbide.

131 Biological foams, however, must also resist crack growth.

132 crystal grains adjacent to the 300 mum long crack has been analyzed through Laue diffraction peak sh

133 e-quarters of a century ago, fluid catalytic cracking has been one of the most important conversion p

134 ine Ti2AlC material and in previously healed cracks has been quantified.

135 related to the magnitude of the size change, crack healing is possible in the reverse solid-solution

136 As cracks hop they locally initiate the delamination of the

137 ena: delamination depends on the dynamics of crack hopping, which in turn is influenced by the presen

138 (FESA) strategy to yield large-area periodic cracks (i.e., microchannels) with tunable spacing.

139 The crack in the CG Cu was blunted by dislocation-slip media

140 The suppression channel is made by making a crack in the soft polymer block, using a needle 0.3 mm i

141 bstrate by laser 3D printing, but the sample cracked in the printing process.

142 Ductility-dip cracking in Ni-based superalloy, resulting from heat tre

143 Cracking in the Li2MnO3.LiMO2 electrode particle under o

144 intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in this alloy system.

145 ly were detected in 3 eyes (19%) and lacquer cracks in 2 (12%).

146 n the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks in a commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode by us

147 r strip materials outside and yield in-depth cracks in larger surrounding region.

148 sed to directly observe nucleation of median cracks in oxide glasses under indentation.

149 enters with sharp angles can nucleate median cracks in samples with no pre-existing flaws, while inde

150 n the buildup of CH4, formation of degassing cracks in sediments and an increase in the benthic metha

151 We believe that previous studies of periodic cracks in SiN films, self-de-bonding sol-gel films, and

152 filtration through the propagating patterned cracks in the coating.

153 e that a broader approach to priming reveals cracks in the facade of syntactic autonomy.

154 vered ocean; a plume of material erupts from cracks in the ice.

155 otably, significant healing of the generated cracks in the Li2MnO3.LiMO2 electrode particle occurred

156 these decays, which have revealed potential cracks in the standard model-hinting at the existence of

157 slip mediated plastic deformation, while the cracks in the UFG Cu were formed at grain boundaries and

158 nd better quantitative evaluation of natural cracks including stress corrosion crack (SCC) and rollin

159 terior, a consequence of a dislocation-based crack incubation mechanism.

160 ntally important in understanding the cyclic crack induced deformation behavior and for predicting th

161 that rapidly accelerates pitting, similar to crack initiation and propagation within the confined are

162 Anisotropic lithium invasion causes crack initiation perpendicular to the electrode surface,

163 with positive strength gradients during the crack initiation stage, and samples with either type of

164 coherency strains, which in turn may promote crack initiation under load.

165 microstructural features most susceptible to crack initiation.

166 d deficits in fracture toughness, with lower crack-initiation toughness and less crack deflection at

167 e pellets' core, were expulsed through these cracks into the surrounding bulk fluid.

168 ne explanation for this is that a high-speed crack is nucleated within the porous layer, which subseq

169 Fluid catalytic cracking is a chemical conversion process of industrial

170 Solidification cracking is a key phenomenon associated with defect form

171 Below a critical thickness, cracking is not observed and grazing incidence X-ray dif

172 We find the formation of the intragranular cracks is directly associated with high-voltage cycling,

173 r the ultimate load, and hence the effective crack length is characterised.

174 n elastic sheet with an array of alternating crack-like pores separated by small ligaments.

175 Furthermore, the brittle cracking mechanism is proposed for the graphene with 5-8

176 f the effective mechanical properties of the crack medium.

177 rate control of mechanical properties of the cracking medium including thickness, geometry, and elast

178 including alkylation of aromatics, catalytic cracking, methanol-to-hydrocarbon processing, dehydratio

179 strength of the BNTA is enhanced by surface crack minimization, reinforcement of the BNTA-Ti metal i

180 Although it is well established that cracks must remain water-filled to propagate to the bed,

181 o a nano/micro-channel application since the cracks naturally have a form of channel-like shape.

182 contraction (analogous to ice-wedges or mud-crack networks) of N2 are inconsistent with the observat

183 how this small mammal is now allowing us to crack neural circuits as well.

184 Prevalence of periodontitis among crack non-users and crack users was 20.8% and 43.4%, res

185 r VPI, BOP, PD >/=3 mm, and CAL >/=4 mm than crack non-users.

186 lity to deform plastically in the absence of crack nucleation through cavitation.

187 axial stresses should also be considered for crack nucleation under indentation, even for brittle gla

188 nter angle and indenter tip radius on median crack nucleation.

189 esults demonstrate that the onset of others' cracking nuts immediately prompts young monkeys to start

190 eys learning a traditional tool-using skill, cracking nuts using stone hammers.

191 Young monkeys practice components of cracking nuts with stones for years before achieving pro

192 When others stop cracking nuts, young monkeys sustain the uncommon action

193 h nuts before, during, and following others' cracking nuts.

194 eus to spin up in the past to form the large cracks observed on its neck.

195 o be an important factor in stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys.

196 ectrode phases during charge that results in cracking of the Li2MnO3.LiMO2 electrode particle, with t

197 ion prior to drying to prevent shrinkage and cracking of the object.

198 nt temperature they become strained although cracking of thicker films is observed, which allows the

199 n external binding pose and local unfolding (cracking) of the aG helix are observed.

200 Hydrocarbons crack on a metal surface, nucleate, grow, and finally me

201 pattern, tooth type, and the location of the crack on the tooth exhibited a strong correlation.

202 other ATP-binding cassette transporters, is cracked open, consistent with CFTR's unique channel func

203 we captured the temporal evolution of local crack opening and healing during multiple cracking and a

204 h we have followed using an original in-situ crack opening technique.

205 post-swelling removal, without the hydrogel cracking or crumbling.

206 amic control over wrinkle topography without cracks or delamination.

207 r among women who had recently used cocaine, crack, or methamphetamine (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.

208 gh composite structures, by the formation of cracks, or with other mechanisms.

209 Cracks originating from the dental-enamel junction and e

210 rack tips, one may observe different complex crack paths with in particular a regime where the two cr

211 The predominant crack pattern for each location on each specimen was not

212 We found that crack pattern, tooth type, and the location of the crack

213 ath for crack deflection, accounting for the crack patterns and delamination observed after repeated

214 appeared as bright lines with SS-OCT, with 3 crack patterns identified: Type I - superficial horizont

215 ch ( n = 80 teeth) were inspected for enamel crack patterns on functional, contact and nonfunctional,

216 n line directions are almost parallel to the crack plane.

217 periments, and unlike in previous studies on cracked plates and shells, we constrained flat elastic s

218 ite.Catalyst deactivation in fluid catalytic cracking processes is unavoidably associated with struct

219 challenges in understanding a broad range of cracking processes, in part because they are so difficul

220 rtant in industry, particularly in catalytic cracking processes.

221 Cracks propagate from the core of the weld towards the f

222 Correlation analysis in the test case of two cracks propagating in opposite directions in polycarbona

223 le, this methodology is implemented to study crack propagation along Ni grain boundaries.

224 trate periodic interlayer-mediated thin film crack propagation and discuss the governing conditions r

225 with pre-existing cracks exhibits anomalous crack propagation and fracture toughness behaviour.

226 erarchical architectures designed to control crack propagation and fracture.

227 Analysis of crack propagation and shell morphology reveals a differe

228 microscopic Bouligand structures that guide crack propagation and twisting in three dimensions, whic

229 cking fibrous building blocks further retard crack propagation at the nanometre scale.

230 at the twin boundaries can effectively block crack propagation by inducing phase transformation and d

231 ures (718-2,974 megapascals [MPa]) promoting crack propagation in bones, (2) tooth form and dental ar

232 been proposed using atomistic simulations of crack propagation in elastic materials that the formatio

233 The concept of using crack propagation in polymeric materials to control drug

234 nt, where the shear component of interfacial crack propagation is believed to be enhanced, results in

235 ctivate multiple micromechanisms that resist crack propagation is key for the observed leap in mechan

236 Crack propagation is tracked here with Digital Image Cor

237 adients exhibit better resistance to fatigue crack propagation than do samples with negative gradient

238 The process of crack propagation within the struts of a foam is not wel

239 xial and biaxial tension, shear, bending and crack propagation, and subsequently demonstrate substrat

240 In addition, it directs crack propagation, promoting stable crack growth and inc

241 rs with the basal layer pores, which deflect crack propagation.

242 or even destroy the microenvironment through crack propagation.

243 pal stress, because it more directly impacts crack propagation.

244 deformation, leading to voids formation and cracks propagation.

245 ed by eliminating tablet interactions during crack propagations.

246 , not only for thin film cracks but also for cracks ranging in scale.

247 ser fluence increases, the area of the whole crack region increases all the way, while both the area

248 st time, the rate and position dependence of crack repair in pristine Ti2AlC material and in previous

249 hs with in particular a regime where the two cracks repel each other prior to being attracted.

250 imilar to the substructure of bone, superior crack resistance can be realized.

251 conductivity, piezoresistive sensitivity and crack resistance could be achieved simultaneously.

252 ve areas (protrusions, flat film surface, or cracks) responsible for productive chemistry in these ma

253 stress potentially plays a principle role in cracking rocks on portions of the Martian surface.

254 ded curvature term successfully captures the crack's path.

255 of natural cracks including stress corrosion crack (SCC) and rolling contact fatigue (RCF).

256 wash, enzymatic digestion, first fixation, 'cracking', second fixation, (optional) Proteinase K (Pro

257 ed two distinct types of failure mechanisms (crack sensitive and insensitive failure) and devised mec

258 te the presence of a pre-existing crack, the crack sensitivity of nc-silicene is found to be dependen

259 ects and partially regain their shape, while cracked, sliced, or otherwise damaged crystals tend to r

260 this study is to investigate highly ordered cracks such as oscillatory cracks and to manipulate via

261 n, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material

262 Near the crack surfaces the elongated grains in ECAP-2 sample wer

263 ovides a simple analogy for various periodic crack systems that exist in nature, not only for thin fi

264 rous composites composed of zeolite and clay crack the heavy fractions in crude oil into transportati

265 eveals a hitherto unknown function of DTD in cracking the universal mechanistic dilemma encountered b

266 e is: despite the presence of a pre-existing crack, the crack sensitivity of nc-silicene is found to

267 g scleral vessels at the site of the lacquer crack, the position of the lacquer crack within the macu

268 imum deviator stress is tracked ahead of the crack tip on the experimental concrete samples under the

269 rlayer shearing and sliding near the blister crack tip, caused by the transition from membrane stretc

270 and delocalization of deformation around the crack tip.

271 r hyperelastic or plastic zone around moving crack tips controls crack velocity.

272 a weakening zone that forms near the moving crack tips using functional networks, and we determine t

273 ing on the initial distances between the two crack tips, one may observe different complex crack path

274 ical processes that operate near microscopic crack tips.

275 tion of uniaxial stress evolves from brittle cracking to system-spanning diffuse breaking.

276 identified: Type I - superficial horizontal cracks; Type II - vertically (occluso-gingival) oriented

277 ponsive wrinkle patterns that do not exhibit cracking under applied strain.

278 f petroleum refinery fluidized-bed catalytic cracking units.

279 significantly higher among crack users, and crack use was associated with occurrence of periodontiti

280 Crack users had an approximately three-fold greater chan

281 Crack users had greater VPI, BOP, PD >/=3 mm, and CAL >/

282 e of periodontitis among crack non-users and crack users was 20.8% and 43.4%, respectively.

283 ival bleeding was significantly higher among crack users, and crack use was associated with occurrenc

284 ing dislocation-mediated plastic fracture at crack velocities of 200 m s(-1).

285 astic zone around moving crack tips controls crack velocity.

286 we obtain orientation measurements for 1,857 cracks visible in 1,573 rocks along the Spirit traverse

287 total of 35 eyes of 30 patients with lacquer cracks were included.

288 Lacquer cracks were more prevalent in the central macula (51%) t

289 Type II cracks were predominant on noncontacting surfaces of inc

290 Type I and III cracks were predominant on the contacting surfaces of in

291 on of new cracks within the enamel (internal cracks) were observed as bright areas.

292 s its capacity for the autonomous healing of cracks when operating at high temperatures.

293 iciently high indentation load, through ring cracking which is more localized and hence less destruct

294 acks, a combination of a Type I and Type III cracks, which may or may not be confluent with each othe

295 a system becomes more and more floppy, this crack width increases until it saturates at the system s

296 ture application but generally fail by early cracking with limited plasticity at room temperature, wh

297 mporal behaviors to enhance the detection of cracks with different orientations.

298 es were often located in close vicinity of a crack within the film coating.

299 e lacquer crack, the position of the lacquer crack within the macula, and the relationships between p

300 crack deflections, and the initiation of new cracks within the enamel (internal cracks) were observed