ライフサイエンスコーパス: cranial

1 al, laryngeal, limb, lower cranial and upper cranial.

2 rozygous knockout mice were found to exhibit cranial abnormalities and decreased sociability, phenoty

3 We revisit the cranial analyses and find that, as opposed to genome-wid

4 ich provides important new information about cranial anatomy near the last common ancestor of chondri

5 phism carried in living humans is related to cranial and brain morphology.

6 rvical and laryngeal, lower anxiety in upper cranial and higher social anxiety in laryngeal.

7 ed individuals developed prominent cervical, cranial and laryngeal dystonia.

8 A kinship between cranial and pelvic visceral nerves of vertebrates has be

9 th NF2 can also develop schwannomas on other cranial and peripheral nerves, as well as meningiomas an

10 osis, with adulthood benign tumors involving cranial and peripheral nerves.

11 ce of Neanderthal remains among 11 of the 13 cranial and post-cranial fragments re-investigated in th

12 w, largely complete eusauropod dinosaur with cranial and postcranial elements from two skeletons, Mie

13 rostrum of phytosaurs appeared subsequent to cranial and postcranial modifications associated with en

14 With both cranial and postcranial remains, the new Vegavis iaai sp

15 nergy deficit, muscle weakness, anomalies in cranial and skeletal development, and reduced aggressive

16 canal, sprouting along the blood vessels and cranial and spinal nerves to various parts of the mening

17 ized controlled trial of patients undergoing cranial and spinal operations in a tertiary referral cen

18 modulation approach that targets peripheral (cranial and spinal) nerves and utilizes their afferent p

19 dy regions: cervical, laryngeal, limb, lower cranial and upper cranial.

20 ressing cells resulted in reduced numbers of cranial and ventral trunk melanoblasts.

21 ed stepwise acquisition of typical caecilian cranial apomorphies during the Triassic.

22 In wild-type embryos, alk1-positive cranial arterial endothelial cells generally migrate tow

23 mandible, accompanied in some individuals by cranial asymmetry and incisor malocclusion.

24 cing, we studied a child that presented with cranial asymmetry, severe infantile spasms with hypsarrh

25 1-deficient zebrafish embryos, which develop cranial AVMs.

26 sferases HS6ST1 and HS6ST2 are essential for cranial axon patterning, whilst the 2-O-sulfotransferase

27 Long bones and the cranial base are both formed through endochondral ossifi

28 mirror-image growth plates, are critical for cranial base elongation and development.

29 it did not reduce the relative length of the cranial base in comparison with total skull length.

30 The cranial base is the growth center of the neurocranium.

31 We compared the cranial base of newborn Pax7-deficient and wildtype mice

32 n in ramus height, body length, and anterior cranial base orientation.

33 ter is highly active at the cranial sutures, cranial base synchondroses, and nasal septum.

34 The impaired mineralization of the cranial bone correlated well with low expression levels

35 ransverse clivus fracture without additional cranial bone fracture and neurologic deficit in the lite

36 CNCCs give rise to most cranial bones and exert paracrine effects on the develop

37 dies have shown that the shape variations of cranial bones are consistent with population history [6-

38 Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial bones, affects the correct development of the sk

39 monstrate that the ISL1 controls postmitotic cranial branchiomotor (BM) neurons including the positio

40 etal enclosure of the spiracle and a lateral cranial canal.

41 ynthesis mammographic examinations (n = 175; cranial caudal and mediolateral oblique) were randomly s

42 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the cranial cavity causing swelling of the head and potentia

43 ty: 76.3%), which was superior to multimodal cranial computed tomography obtained for routine diagnos

44 ll cases had calcifications on comprehensive cranial computed tomography, most frequently located in

45 tperformed the T-tau level in distinguishing cranial computed tomography-positive from -negative case

46 lored the regulatory program that imbues the cranial crest with its specialized features.

47 After a confirmatory cranial CT scan revealed a worsening subdural hematoma w

48 All patients had at least three cranial CT scans prior to the surgery.

49 injectable, dual-gelling hydrogels in a rat cranial defect as a function of hydrogel hydrophobicity

50 ided on the imaging modalities used to study cranial defects in animals and humans.

51 acranial pressure or as a direct result from cranial deformities, or both.

52 genes involved in balance, and eye, ear and cranial development (e.g. PVRL3, TSHZ1, MUTED, HOXB3, HO

53 ostcranium, and it is clear that many of the cranial differences-although not all of them-are already

54 ections at midstage (E9) resulted in reduced cranial dimensions, and infection later in pregnancy (E1

55 urons that receive peripheral input from the cranial dura, and found a selective inhibition of high-t

56 ent meningeal nociceptors that innervate the cranial dura, using single-unit recording in the trigemi

57 tic strabismus syndromes known as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) is both informi

58 eatment of tardive dystonia, writer's cramp, cranial dystonia, myoclonus dystonia, and off-state dyst

59 validity of our approach by analysing intra-cranial EEG recordings from a database comprising 16 pat

60 ay of data modalities, often including intra-cranial EEG, is used in an attempt to map regions of the

61 to arise from this review is that the use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation devices-the only cate

62 Cranial elements recovered from the bonebed provide insi

63 aws and teeth, and little is known about ape cranial evolution.

64 kdown of PWWP2A in Xenopus results in severe cranial facial defects, arising from neural crest cell d

65 We aimed to present unusual cranial FDG PET/CT findings of a 56-year-old female with

66 ior to the skull roof) but lacking a ventral cranial fissure, the presence of which is considered a d

67 Clivus is a bony surface in the posterior cranial fossa, serving as the support of the brainstem a

68 ess severe injuries, such as concussions and cranial fractures, more severe injuries, such as intracr

69 , we analysed the human mandible and several cranial fragments from the site using radiocarbon dating

70 remains among 11 of the 13 cranial and post-cranial fragments re-investigated in this study.

71 ical disorders has expanded, appreciation of cranial functional movement disorders is still insuffici

72 Identification of the positive features of cranial functional movement disorders such as convergenc

73 e, to our knowledge, the first evidence that cranial grafting of microvesicles secreted from hNSC aff

74 dern treatment, as well as the human cost of cranial injuries largely related to interpersonal violen

75 I (n = 10) or severe TBI (n = 10) with extra-cranial injury or extracranial injury only (EC) (n = 10)

76 We found that cranial ionizing radiation induced robust and durable PM

77 Cancer patients undergoing cranial irradiation are at risk of developing neurocogni

78 For patients subjected to cranial irradiation for the control of CNS malignancy, p

79 Cranial irradiation for the treatment of brain cancer el

80 esulting in shortened survival, prophylactic cranial irradiation has been proposed in both small-cell

81 t chemotherapy with and without prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients who undergo complete res

82 Although prophylactic cranial irradiation is potentially associated with neuro

83 a meta-analysis have shown that prophylactic cranial irradiation not only reduces the incidence of br

84 ; strata were tumor-node group, prophylactic cranial irradiation policy, and region.

85 Stratification by previous cranial irradiation was added later as a protocol amendm

86 n = 190, including 99 patients who underwent cranial irradiation), and radiation alone (n = 22).

87 ) who undergo chemotherapy, and prophylactic cranial irradiation, have persistent intrathoracic disea

88 frequent result of cancer therapy involving cranial irradiation, leaving patients with marked memory

89 t chemotherapy, with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation, relative to no adjuvant therapy for

90 vant chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy with cranial irradiation.

91 All underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation.

92 in metastases, and 8% underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation.

93 gnitive decline in cancer patients receiving cranial irradiation.

94 tional-hazards regressions revealed abnormal cranial magnet resonance imaging (cMRI; hazard ratio [HR

95 hite matter signal abnormalities (DWMSAs) on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (adjusted odds ratio,

96 The subjects underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and

97 and mild intellectual disability but normal cranial magnetic resonance imaging, we identified bi-all

98 ital somites should be regarded as posterior cranial mesoderm.

99 agonist we detected by analysis of the chick cranial mesoderm.

100 saurids iteratively evolved polycotylid-like cranial morphologies from the Early Jurassic until the E

101 orosaurs from Ganzhou, which often differ in cranial morphologies related to feeding, document an evo

102 evidence for dietary changes and changes in cranial morphology in these species over the past centur

103 Based on an initial study of cranial morphology it was asserted that Kennewick Man wa

104 ionary changes during dog domestication: the cranial morphology of adult dogs cannot simply be explai

105 tion-and thus positioning-in a population of cranial motor neurons, the facial branchiomotor neurons

106 ona incerta, neurosecretory arcuate nucleus, cranial motor nuclei III and IV, Edinger-Westphal nucleu

107 Cranial movement disorders--affecting the eyes, face, ja

108 ssure (LOP) and radiological scores based on cranial MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography in patie

109 diagnosis of glial tumor undergoing routine cranial MRI, SWI, and perfusion MRI examinations between

110 and genomic resources for analyses of extra-cranial MRT are limited.

111 n teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) and extra-cranial MRTs (ecMRTs) using genomic, transcriptomic and

112 n teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) and extra-cranial MRTs (ecMRTs) using genomic, transcriptomic, and

113 modification profiling to characterize extra-cranial MRTs.

114 e extent to which the cucullaris muscle is a cranial muscle allied with the gill levators of anamniot

115 However, the cranial muscles of these fishes are relatively small and

116 r exceeded the maximum power capacity of the cranial muscles.

117 it to the power capacities of the axial and cranial muscles.

118 ed jaw kinematics during benthic feeding and cranial musculoskeletal morphologies in neonates and juv

119 s, we profiled eight subregions of a typical cranial NC cell migratory stream.

120 tor A (PDGF-A) are co-expressed in migrating cranial NC.

121 nt stem cells (PSC) to NCC are biased toward cranial NCC.

122 For example, only anterior "cranial" NCC form craniofacial bone, whereas solely post

123 We conclude that cranial NCCs and their derivatives provide an essential

124 ncluded sex, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (cranial, neck, and chest) exposures achieved an area und

125 til the end of 2010, death, or occurrence of cranial nerve (CN)3, CN4, or CN6 palsies.

126 nally presenting with exclusively unilateral cranial nerve deficits following a puncture wound to the

127 of children with acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction geographically and temporally

128 Improvement of cranial nerve dysfunction has been noted in three (30%)

129 Clusters of acute flaccid paralysis or cranial nerve dysfunction in children are uncommon.

130 fined cluster of acute flaccid paralysis and cranial nerve dysfunction in children associated with an

131 ving mainly grey matter on imaging, or acute cranial nerve dysfunction with brainstem lesions on imag

132 ed to have atypical findings (eg, at least 1 cranial nerve finding that was unilateral or ascending p

133 reatment of the aneurysm, a full recovery of cranial nerve function was achieved.

134 ZV) establishes latency in human sensory and cranial nerve ganglia during primary infection (varicell

135 Cranial nerve injury (CNI) was 5.5% in the CEA group, wh

136 ore-frequent preceding respiratory symptoms, cranial nerve involvement, and a better outcome.

137 Data on the cranial nerve morphology of tadpoles are scarce, and onl

138 ng in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-affected cranial nerve motor nuclei but not in the relatively spa

139 s with early-onset severe sensory, motor and cranial nerve neuropathy we confirmed the strong genetic

140 a phenotypic spectrum of motor, sensory, and cranial nerve neuropathy, often with ataxia, optic atrop

141 eurons of the somatic motor and visceromotor cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal

142 chat-expressing cells are prominent in motor cranial nerve nuclei, and some scattered cells lie in th

143 including severe neuronal loss in the lower cranial nerve nuclei, anterior horns and corresponding n

144 Botulism manifests with cranial nerve palsies and flaccid paralysis in children

145 l symptoms were painful radiculitis (65.9%), cranial nerve palsy (43.4%), and headache (28.3%).

146 cedural MI (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.75); cranial nerve palsy (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.14); an

147 e composite outcome of death, stroke, MI, or cranial nerve palsy during the periprocedural period (OR

148 ed with lower rates of periprocedural MI and cranial nerve palsy than CEA.

149 rity Score), and TBI-specific variables (eg, cranial nerve reflexes and findings from computed tomogr

150 Large neurons in cranial nerve sensory ganglia were also labeled.

151 d dysarthria were the most commonly reported cranial nerve symptoms in children with botulism; genera

152 ox/flox) mice develop spinal, peripheral and cranial nerve tumors histologically identical to human s

153 asymmetric n=7), bulbar weakness (n=6), and cranial nerve VI (n=3) and VII (n=2) dysfunction.

154 In addition, the development of cranial nerve VIII tumors correlates with functional imp

155 icits in hearing and balance associated with cranial nerve VIII tumors, would allow systematic evalua

156 relation to branches of the vagus nerve (Xth cranial nerve).

157 Assessment) and normal cerebellar, sensory, cranial nerve, and autonomic function.

158 us (VZV) establishes latency in dorsal root, cranial nerve, and enteric ganglia and can reactivate to

159 allow more drug to access the extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways and therefore favor de

160 either to the brain via direct extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways or to the periphery vi

161 ally manifest low-grade tumors affecting the cranial nerves (vestibular schwannomas), meninges (menin

162 otatable three-dimensional (3D) model of the cranial nerves and anterior-most spinal nerves of early

163 al role of the Brn3b transcription factor in cranial nerves and associated nuclei of the brainstem.

164 s necessary to initiate tumorigenesis in the cranial nerves and meninges with typical histological fe

165 confirm earlier descriptions of the pre-otic cranial nerves and present the first detailed descriptio

166 mpathetic nervous system receives input from cranial nerves exclusively and the sympathetic nervous s

167 no detailed and complete description of the cranial nerves exists for this species.

168 n of Brn3b in the somatosensory component of cranial nerves II, V, VII, and VIII and visceromotor nuc

169 n3b does not affect the anatomy of the other cranial nerves normally expressing this transcription fa

170 ibuted into: 53.11 %, 36.36 %, and 2.8 % for cranial nerves VI, III, IV palsies respectively.

171 , schwannomas also commonly develop in other cranial nerves, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerve

172 ructures, including aortic arch, thymus, and cranial nerves.

173 es formed from NCC such as outflow tract and cranial nerves.

174 ns of the somatic and visceral components of cranial nerves.

175 d a more variable morphology of the pre-otic cranial nerves.

176 h, fifth, sixth, seventh, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerves.

177 first detailed description of the post-otic cranial nerves.

178 a cell surface metalloprotease critical for cranial neural crest (CNC) cell migration.

179 Dlx5-positive cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are in direct contact w

180 l/fl mice to eliminate Ift88 specifically in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells.

181 The role of the Hippo signaling pathway in cranial neural crest (CNC) development is poorly underst

182 Cranial neural crest and metastatic melanoma cells avoid

183 aniofacial development, including markers of cranial neural crest and of placodes.

184 n, and the critical cells are the ectodermal cranial neural crest and placode lineages.

185 pmental potential and fate, so that only the cranial neural crest can contribute to the craniofacial

186 onic hedgehog (Shh)-induced proliferation of cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) mesenchyme is required

187 first single-cell transcriptome analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration at three progressive

188 During palate morphogenesis, defective cranial neural crest cell migration in capzb(-/-) mutant

189 f high glucose levels, which is derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC).

190 Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate from embry

191 ly relevant stem cell populations, including cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), have not been assess

192 Cranial neural crest cells (crNCCs) migrate from the neu

193 ts such as Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, cranial neural crest cells and stem cells residing in de

194 through the BMP type IA receptor (BMPR1A) in cranial neural crest cells causes craniosynostosis durin

195 In the head, cranial neural crest cells give rise to the dentine-prod

196 Chick premigratory cranial neural crest cells reduce Cadherin-6B (Cad6B) le

197 igenomic profiling from human and chimpanzee cranial neural crest cells to systematically and quantit

198 associated with aberrant differentiation of cranial neural crest cells.

199 the Cad6B repressor Snail2, to ensure proper cranial neural crest EMT.

200 derived from the anterior mandibular-stream cranial neural crest or from multiple embryonic cell pop

201 e we use combinatorial labeling of zebrafish cranial neural crest-derived cells (CNCCs) to define glo

202 integrity contributes to an inability of the cranial neural folds to move toward the midline and resu

203 n of Fat1 in mouse embryos causes defects in cranial neural tube closure, accompanied by an increase

204 E) and Grhl2 loss results in fully penetrant cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice.

205 However, Wnt1(Cre2SOR) mutants had an open cranial neural tube phenotype that was not evident in Wn

206 veloped progressive meningoencephalitis with cranial neuropathies and radiculopathy.

207 d by painful ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral cranial neuropathies.

208 ical) iSS, 40 (83%) had a potentially causal cranial or spinal dural abnormality, 5 (11%) had an alte

209 raptoriform dinosaurs generally lack osseous cranial ornaments despite repeatedly crossing this body

210 find a body mass threshold below which bony cranial ornaments do not originate.

211 we explore correlative evolution of osseous cranial ornaments with large body size in theropod dinos

212 guish pre- and postganglionic neurons of the cranial parasympathetic outflow from those of the thorac

213 Children with cranial pathology, but not negative control patients, un

214 iety in laryngeal and lower anxiety in upper cranial persisted after correcting for pain and dystonia

215 genitor cells that have expressed markers of cranial pharyngeal mesoderm, whereas other muscles in th

216 ivation of neuroectoderm, neural crest (NC), cranial placode (CP), and non-neural ectoderm in multipl

217 All cranial placode progenitors arise from a common precurso

218 In vertebrates, cranial placodes contribute to all sense organs and sens

219 tocols for the production of human posterior cranial placodes such as the otic placode that gives ris

220 lting from the emergence of neural crest and cranial placodes.

221 yet to develop the giant size and extensive cranial pneumaticity of T. rex and kin but does possess

222 We found that cranial radiation extended the survival of medulloblasto

223 Information on cranial radiation therapy (CRT) doses and parameters of

224 emia (ALL), especially those treated without cranial radiation therapy (CRT).

225 re estimated and analyses were stratified by cranial radiation therapy (CRT; CRT or no CRT).

226 Patients treated with cranial radiation therapy (RT) are at risk for sensorine

227 e Survivors of childhood cancer treated with cranial radiation therapy are at risk for subsequent CNS

228 l containing age at primary cancer, sex, and cranial radiation therapy dose yielded an area under the

229 Therapy Study XV, which omitted prophylactic cranial radiation therapy in all patients, completed com

230 for childhood ALL has eliminated the use of cranial radiation therapy, adolescent survivors treated

231 ic patients (17/9: male/female) treated with cranial radiation treatment for a brain tumor (12.67 +/-

232 pathy during chemotherapy treatment, without cranial radiation, for childhood acute lymphoblastic leu

233 for deficits in IQ and PS in the absence of cranial radiation, regardless of MTX delivery or cortico

234 ugmented postinduction therapy with 18 Gy of cranial radiation.

235 leukaemia treated with chemotherapy without cranial radiation.

236 n about neurologic morbidity attributable to cranial radiotherapy (CRT) -associated meningiomas.

237 t that, despite the omission of prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of acute lym

238 ccording to decade included reduced rates of cranial radiotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (8

239 Patients treated with cranial radiotherapy often develop dysfunction of the hy

240 of childhood cancer not exposed to pelvic or cranial radiotherapy.

241 hion reflecting the developmental origins of cranial regions, with a semi-independent tempo and mode

242 erized by disparate evolutionary rates among cranial regions.

243 ntinasaurus matildae includes the first ever cranial remains of an Australian sauropod.

244 shapes resembling those of known Neanderthal cranial remains, particularly in occipital and parietal

245 utional mutation, while only 20 (18%) with a cranial schwannoma had a constitutional predisposition (

246 Four of 106 people (3.8%) with a cranial schwannoma had an LZTR1 mutation (3 were vestibu

247 Of 109 cranial schwannomas, 106 (97.2%) were vestibular.

248 by which the topographical representation of cranial sensory ganglia is established by entrance order

249 Several cranial sensory ganglia originating from neurogenic plac

250 vated by neurons whose cell bodies reside in cranial sensory ganglia.

251 haracterized monosynaptic connection between cranial sensory neurons and the PBL-nociceptive neurons.

252 n, while neurogenic placodes, which generate cranial sensory neurons, remain in contact with the AF.

253 ctoderm (the common precursor region of many cranial sensory organs and ganglia), and other ectoderma

254 ys important roles during the development of cranial sensory organs and ganglia, kidneys, hypaxial mu

255 elops into placodes and ultimately into many cranial sensory organs and ganglia.

256 Over-reliance on cranial shape characters may explain why published parsi

257 Features of cranial shape distinguish KNM-LH 1 and other Middle and

258 se specimens revealed significant changes in cranial shape for T. alpinus, with less pronounced chang

259 Our dense sampling of cranial shape variation demonstrates that the bird skull

260 s of tail function, loss in body mass, and a cranial shift in the center of mass.

261 Pressure pain thresholds measured at cranial sites only weakly predicted incident TMD yet wer

262 s Danio rerio gene, dlx4b, and found reduced cranial size and abnormal cartilaginous elements.

263 Ossification of the cranial skeleton varies from 20% in the smallest neonate

264 In this study, we observed a defect in chick cranial skeleton, especially parietal bone development i

265 ed regulatory relationships between a set of cranial-specific transcription factors.

266 Russia that shows close convergence with the cranial structure of polycotylids: Luskhan itilensis gen

267 Exaggerated cranial structures such as crests and horns, hereafter r

268 synostosis based on current understanding of cranial suture biology and molecular and developmental p

269 to growth plate abnormalities and premature cranial suture closure because of precocious maturation

270 reviously unsuspected role for Zic1 in early cranial suture development, potentially by regulating en

271 tional modules active at different stages of cranial suture development.

272 ipally the mouse, because of similarities in cranial suture development.

273 ribe the pathways and processes that lead to cranial suture fusion.

274 replication with growth, chondrogenesis, and cranial suture homeostasis.

275 Premature fusion of the cranial sutures (craniosynostosis), affecting 1 in 2000

276 We also observed premature fusion of the cranial sutures and low bone density in newborn FGFR3(G3

277 congenital malformation in which one or more cranial sutures fuse prematurely.

278 Interestingly, the cranial sutures of the mutant mice showed normal anatomi

279 hat the Mgp promoter is highly active at the cranial sutures, cranial base synchondroses, and nasal s

280 ricular surfaces, pubic symphyseal face, and cranial sutures, to produce a multifactorial narrower ag

281 nd results from the premature fusion of >/=1 cranial sutures.

282 view the development of the growth plate and cranial synchondrosis and the regulation by the above-me

283 corresponding cell bodies of the DRG or the cranial TG.

284 The location of this transition, one segment cranial to the ultimate rib-bearing vertebra, also occur

285 Blunt force cranial trauma shows no correlation with NPP or politica

286 ecular consequences of SMARCB1 loss in extra-cranial tumors have not been comprehensively described a

287 Cranial ultrasonography measurements were obtained at 30

288 Cranial US, performed on the 40(th) day of life, reveale

289 The face and cranial vault evolve faster than other regions, showing

290 ate, no estimates of the long-term effect of cranial vault fractures on the risk of dying have been g

291 ized some craniofacial phenotypes, including cranial vault in adult Ts65Dn mice.

292 effect of selective mortality on males with cranial vault injuries who survived long enough for bone

293 st cases of craniosynostosis require complex cranial vault reconstruction that is associated with a h

294 s65Dn mice normalized many dimensions of the cranial vault, but did not correct all craniofacial anat

295 tant role in morphogenesis and growth of the cranial vault.

296 Here I show that remora cranial veins are highly-modified in comparison to those

297 ate and perform genome-wide profiling of the cranial versus trunk neural crest in chick embryos, we i

298 MCs and by lineage tracing in vivo To cover cranial vessels, MCs derived from either neural crest ce

299 Multi-photon in vivo imaging through a cranial window allowed us to complement our ex vivo data

300 ice with chronic dorsal skinfold chambers or cranial windows.