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1 th 21 days of abstinence (ie, 'incubation of craving').
2 nt increases in food craving ('incubation of craving').
3 he motivational craving state (incubation of craving).
4 from the drug (incubation of methamphetamine craving).
5 n after 1 day (incubation of methamphetamine craving).
6 ly withdrawal (incubation of methamphetamine craving).
7 king after withdrawal (incubation of cocaine craving).
8 n after 1 day (incubation of methamphetamine craving).
9 han after 1 d (incubation of methamphetamine craving).
10 mbles in this new form of incubation of drug craving.
11 ergo a comparable magnitude of incubation of craving.
12 espite adverse consequences and intense drug craving.
13 pioids in the neural systems underlying drug craving.
14 rios to investigate the neural correlates of craving.
15 s demonstrated incubation of methamphetamine craving.
16  detect incubation of subjective cue-induced craving.
17 ty accompanies incubation of methamphetamine craving.
18 tic intervention in the treatment of cocaine craving.
19 nsembles that mediate incubation of nicotine craving.
20 om these synapses and thereby reduce cocaine craving.
21 ereafter mediate the expression of incubated craving.
22 ted the development of incubation of cocaine craving.
23 g effects and marginally with alleviation of craving.
24 ant given the habitual nature of cue-induced craving.
25 ereafter mediate the expression of incubated craving.
26 -dependent incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving.
27 nomena of the "sweet tooth" and carbohydrate craving.
28 itofrontal cortex connectivity and levels of craving.
29  DNA demethylation, in incubation of cocaine craving.
30 olume and surface area with both measures of craving.
31 in craving, in incubation of methamphetamine craving.
32  of incubation of methamphetamine vs cocaine craving.
33 ve disorders and is involved in drug-related craving.
34  striatal shape deformations and cue-induced craving.
35 this brain region's well-established role in craving.
36 clear cells that are correlated with alcohol craving.
37  responses controlling incubation of cocaine craving.
38 lity to substance use disorder by triggering craving.
39 n the neurobiology of alcohol dependence and craving.
40 l striatum were associated with intense drug craving.
41  exogenous ghrelin acutely increases alcohol craving.
42 ment of drug seeking, and incubation of drug craving.
43 s (NAc), a critical brain region for cocaine craving.
44 ffects were observed for tobacco and cocaine craving.
45 ure to drug-associated cues that induce drug craving.
46 tive effects) in human laboratory studies of craving.
47 , and, in cocaine-dependent persons, cocaine craving.
48 n animals show incubation of methamphetamine craving.
49 ) on momentary ratings of cocaine and heroin craving.
50 re, as well as reductions in tonic levels of craving.
51 strated time course of incubation of cocaine craving.
52  AMPARs contributes to incubation of cocaine craving.
53 involved in the mechanisms underlying opioid cravings.
54 lated irritability, depression, and cannabis cravings.
55 otivation to quit cocaine and on cue-induced craving, 24 hours postinfusion.
56 mportant for understanding the basis of drug craving, a key factor in the maintenance of substance-us
57 ep exhibited decreased incubation of cocaine craving, a phenomenon depicting the progressive intensif
58      Using incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving, a rat relapse model depicting progressive inten
59 r scores of depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving after 3 wk of abstinence, which may be important
60 nimal model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence in male
61 a rat model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence.
62 f-administration showed incubation of heroin craving after forced but not voluntary abstinence.
63 r, AZD8529, on incubation of methamphetamine craving after forced or voluntary abstinence.
64 ceptors in the incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence and that DMS neuronal
65 ults show that incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence generalizes to female
66  for sleep intervention to influence cocaine craving after withdrawal.
67 metabolizers exhibited greater reductions in cravings after scanning than normal metabolizers; howeve
68  Guanfacine significantly attenuated cocaine craving, alcohol craving, anxiety, and negative emotion
69                                Self-reported craving also increased from the nicotine to the placebo
70 t is currently unknown whether incubation of craving also occurs after adolescent-onset nicotine self
71  Our results suggest that incubation of food craving alters brain reward circuitry and macronutrient
72 e-induced relapse than subjective reports of craving, although this hypothesis must be empirically te
73         One study reported that cue-elicited craving among detoxified heroin addicts was substantiall
74 e processing, with subjective intensities of craving and anxiety correlating inversely with extent of
75 rrelated with the number of drinks consumed, craving and anxiety scores.
76   Activation in the amygdala correlated with craving and arousal ratings of alcohol stimuli; correlat
77            They establish that incubation of craving and associated CP-AMPAR plasticity occur much mo
78 erged: managing uncertainty, eating: between craving and aversion, being different and professional h
79 R-E training could attenuate smoking-related craving and behavior.
80  compared between groups and correlated with craving and BMI change.
81 s ability to suppress stress-induced alcohol craving and brain responses in treatment seeking alcohol
82 nectivity and individual differences in food craving and changes in body mass index (BMI).
83 e sensitive to food cues, reporting stronger craving and consuming larger portions after food cue exp
84                                 In contrast, craving and CP-AMPAR levels remain high on WD60.
85 vel animal model to study incubation of drug craving and cue-induced drug seeking after prolonged vol
86                                          The craving and deficits in executive function in the so-cal
87  incubation of both drug and non-drug reward craving and demonstrate an unexpected dissociation in me
88 and can reduce drug-induced motor behaviors, craving and dependence.
89 the NAc in the incubation of methamphetamine craving and describe adaptations in synaptic transmissio
90 t is not implicated in incubation of cocaine craving and does not undergo CP-AMPAR plasticity.
91 ngthened the associations between subjective craving and dorsal striatum and precuneus connectivity w
92 tural rewards while increasing reactivity to craving and drug cues.
93 ments associated with prior drug use provoke craving and drug taking, and set the stage for lapse/rel
94 he ability of drug-associated cues to elicit craving and facilitate relapse.
95 e frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus), craving and interoceptive processing (anterior insula),
96 asures of cue- and stress-induced changes in craving and mood.
97 mportant role for hedonic regulation of food craving and obesity in humans and thus may be a valuable
98 m and related clinical manifestations (i.e., craving and persistence of unhealthy habits).
99           Primary outcomes were cue-elicited craving and physiological responding to familiar and nov
100 orrelated negatively with ratings of cocaine craving and positively with how high subjects felt durin
101 ories of the effects of the drug, leading to craving and potential relapse.
102 weakened the associations between subjective craving and precuneus functional connectivity with senso
103 l striatum connectivity correlated with food craving and predicted BMI gains.
104 vides a model of persistent vulnerability to craving and relapse in human addicts.
105 or region (the PIc), is involved in nicotine craving and relapse in humans and rodents.
106 hat closely resembles stressors that promote craving and relapse in humans.
107 ach biases, has been shown to reduce alcohol craving and relapse rates.
108 pharmacological intervention that may reduce craving and relapse with minimal side effects in alcohol
109 opin-releasing factor (CRF) in the IC during craving and relapse, a subsequent experiment found that
110  can be engaged by sleep to regulate cocaine craving and relapse, and demonstrate sleep-based therape
111 by triggering drug using memories that drive craving and relapse.
112 ne-seeking behavior, an animal model of drug craving and relapse.
113 s indicate that negative mood states lead to craving and relapse.
114 e to environmental stimuli that trigger drug craving and relapse.
115 strong drug-associated memories that lead to craving and relapse.
116 y of CRF1 blockade in stress-induced alcohol craving and relapse.
117 entions can bidirectionally regulate cocaine craving and seeking after withdrawal.
118                                         Drug craving and seeking can increase during a period of abst
119 ave been shown to reduce measures of cocaine craving and seeking, raising the hypothesis that regulat
120 PSEs or PNEs while cue-induced self-reported craving and smoking behavior were assessed.
121 states, has recently been implicated in drug craving and social stress.
122 r agonists in decreasing stress-induced drug craving and stress-induced initial heroin lapse.
123 tion by showing that NTX reduced cue-induced craving and subjective responses to MA.
124 e as well as stress and cue-induced nicotine craving and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in both males
125  role of DS in incubation of methamphetamine craving and that this incubation is associated with sele
126                         Although cue-induced craving and the QSU were both associated with enlarged s
127               In addiction, risk factors for craving and use include stress and drug-related cues.
128 of dorsal striatal networks relevant to food craving and weight gain.
129 icipants reported the severity of stress and craving and whether they had seen or been offered opioid
130 ings indicate that smoking-induced relief of craving and withdrawal reflects primarily non-nicotine e
131  metabolizers reported greater reductions of craving and withdrawal than slow metabolizers, with dose
132  obtain more benefits in a reduction of food cravings and appetite by choosing a hypocaloric and high
133  studies have shown that heightened nicotine cravings and blunted response to stress are independent
134 differences in the neural correlates of drug cravings and gambling urges in CD and PG.
135  program that is tailored to counteract food cravings and metabolic changes throughout the menstrual
136 cked' by drug addiction, causing cue-induced cravings and relapse.
137 t represent a viable means to reduce alcohol cravings and withdrawal in human patients, while simulta
138 included abstinence symptoms (withdrawal and craving) and cognitive test responding (N-back; continuo
139  that NTX would (a) attenuate cue-induced MA craving, and (b) reduce subjective responses to MA admin
140 gical responses, and symptoms of withdrawal, craving, and affect.
141 ding duration and severity of alcohol abuse, craving, and anxiety or depressive symptoms) were signif
142 n associated with later stages of addiction, craving, and cue-induced relapse.
143             Psychiatric, cognitive, nicotine craving, and mood assessments were obtained during activ
144                          Chronic drug abuse, craving, and relapse are thought to be linked to long-la
145 ant-reported ratings of nicotine dependence, craving, and self-efficacy were collected.
146  administration was found to reduce anxiety, craving, and stress hormone release, whether these effec
147 thesis tested SL/SDL phenotype, pretreatment craving, and their interaction as moderators of frequenc
148 ms (ie, irritability, sadness, anxiety, food cravings, and bloating) on dutasteride compared with pla
149 ficantly attenuated cocaine craving, alcohol craving, anxiety, and negative emotion following exposur
150 t sex-specific effects of guanfacine on drug craving, anxiety, and negative mood with significant eff
151           In human addicts, drug relapse and craving are often provoked by stress.
152 derlying this 'incubation of methamphetamine craving' are unknown.
153 nificantly related to self-reported cannabis craving as well as problems associated with cannabis use
154 ed with two measures of craving: state-based craving, assessed by the brief questionnaire of smoking
155 ging to treat the drug seeking behaviour and craving associated with relapse.
156 sulin significantly reduced morning nicotine craving (b=3.65, P0.05).
157  Twenty IGD subjects participated in a group craving behavioral intervention (CBI) and were scanned b
158 robiological similarities and differences in craving between these disorders.
159 er withdrawal (incubation of methamphetamine craving), but the underlying mechanisms are largely unkn
160          Severity of cannabis withdrawal and cravings (Cannabis Withdrawal Scale), retention in withd
161 of the main causes of alcohol relapse is the craving caused by environmental cues that are associated
162 kg) led to further reductions in cue-induced craving compared with the control.
163 or response to cigarette cravings when those cravings conflict with a goal to remain abstinent.
164  low (n = 40) craving for alcohol, with high craving defined as greater than the median.
165 fter prolonged withdrawal, incubated cocaine craving depends on strengthening of nucleus accumbens (N
166  procedures used to study incubation of drug craving do not incorporate negative consequences of drug
167 re to and dependence on nicotine, as well as craving during abstinence from smoking, without signific
168  Understanding the trajectory of cue-induced craving during abstinence in humans is of importance for
169                             Analysis of food craving during the functional magnetic resonance imaging
170  hedonic subjective effects of MA, including craving, during controlled MA administration and as comp
171 pellets would elicit a greater incubation of craving effect than those paired with standard chow (SC)
172 llets and were then tested for incubation of craving either 1 or 30 days after training.
173 xacerfont treatment had no effect on alcohol craving, emotional responses, or anxiety.
174 sure to drug-associated cues, provoking drug craving even after prolonged abstinence.
175 oal of our second study was to replicate the craving findings from the original trial and expand this
176 SL) phenotype interacts with a high level of craving for alcohol and is associated with an improved r
177 s and Relevance: The SL phenotype and a high craving for alcohol independently and particularly in co
178              The SL/SDL phenotype and a high craving for alcohol merit further investigation as facto
179 y pretreatment high (n = 40) or low (n = 40) craving for alcohol, with high craving defined as greate
180             Rats showed robust incubation of craving for both food rewards, although responding for c
181                       Finally, incubation of craving for chow and high fat was accompanied by an incr
182  unlike in human laboratory studies to date, craving for cocaine and heroin is greater with the combi
183 cipants also completed subjective ratings of craving for cocaine before presentation of a cue, and ra
184             Objective: To assess cue-induced craving for cocaine in humans using both subjective and
185 onic feelings toward cocaine) and "wanting" (craving for cocaine) after presentation of cocaine-relat
186 hat brain stimulation has an acute effect on craving for drugs and alcohol, but few studies have inve
187              Whether there is an increase in craving for high-fat (HF) food over time, which may cont
188 at (a) NTX significantly blunted cue-induced craving for MA and (b) attenuated several of the hedonic
189                                              Craving for methamphetamine was negatively associated wi
190 s exclusively, did not display incubation of craving for SC pellets, suggesting that prior history wi
191 ive increase in drug intake and a persistent craving for the drug during prolonged abstinence.
192 ated with cumulative methamphetamine use and craving for the drug.
193 truggle with food and their illness, such as cravings for and abstaining from certain foods, were rat
194 igher levels of disinhibition (P = 0.07) and cravings for savory foods (P = 0.03) compared with the g
195 rted ability to reverse or markedly diminish cravings for, and self-administration of, the major drug
196 fication (incubation) of cue-induced cocaine craving has been demonstrated after withdrawal from this
197 fication (incubation) of cue-induced cocaine craving has been demonstrated after withdrawal from this
198 eval test on withdrawal day (WD) 50-60, when craving has incubated.
199 tionship between cannabis cue reactivity and craving in a sample of 353 participants varying in self-
200 activation and reduce stress-induced alcohol craving in alcohol-dependent patients.
201 vented the emergence of incubation of heroin craving in both sexes.
202 ers might be a risk factor for stress-relief craving in cocaine use disorder.
203 tion for quitting cocaine and on cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent participants, 24 hours post
204 hysical withdrawal, it decouples stress from craving in everyday life.
205 ocaine and heroin seeking in rats and heroin craving in humans.
206 tate, participants were assessed for alcohol craving in response to stressful or alcohol-related cues
207           The incubation of cue-induced drug craving in rodents provides a model of persistent vulner
208 ygdala activity correlated with decreases in craving in the bias modification but not the sham traini
209 life stress was partly decoupled from opioid craving in the clonidine group, supporting the authors'
210 ited a substantial reduction in alcohol-cued craving in the laboratory, and naturalistic measures rev
211 further characterized incubation of nicotine craving in the rat model by determining whether this inc
212 e noted in measures of depression or cocaine craving in this stress-minimized setting.
213  HRV being better able to downregulate their cravings in the face of taste temptations.
214 plicated in incubation of cocaine and heroin craving, in incubation of methamphetamine craving.
215 we used a rat model of incubation of cocaine craving, in which rats were trained to self-administer c
216                  Cue-induced methamphetamine craving increases after prolonged forced (experimenter-i
217 ciated with time-dependent increases in food craving ('incubation of craving').
218 ef questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU), and craving induced by smoking-related images.
219 few weeks of withdrawal, cue-induced cocaine craving intensifies, or "incubates," and persists over e
220 d to demonstrate that incubation of nicotine craving is also observed after adolescent-onset nicotine
221                        Incubation of cocaine craving is partially mediated by progressive accumulatio
222 mpared with PNEs, was associated with higher craving levels (F(2,180)=18.32, p<0.0001) and greater ad
223                                  Anxiety and craving levels were assessed with self-report ratings.
224 trast, the subjective assessment of baseline craving (mean [SD] rating: 2 days, 26.05 [9.85]; 1 week,
225 specific relationship was found between both craving measures and the dorsal, but not in ventral stri
226  0.11-1.02; F1,67 = 5.36; P = .02), and high craving moderated heavy drinking (7.1 fewer heavy drinki
227 r methadone provided self-reports of stress, craving, mood, and behavior on electronic diaries for up
228                             Although neither craving nor CP-AMPAR levels were measured in the present
229  incubation of both methamphetamine and food craving occur after punishment-induced suppression of me
230 ults demonstrate that incubation of nicotine craving occurs after adolescent-onset nicotine self-admi
231 onfirmed that 'incubation of methamphetamine craving' occurs under our experimental conditions.
232 hibited, respectively, incubation of cocaine craving on withdrawal day 45.
233  was not influenced by changes in subjective craving or expired carbon monoxide, suggesting that conn
234 llfully cope with discomfort associated with craving or negative affect, thus supporting long-term ou
235 s on any other measures of drinking, alcohol craving, or alcohol-related consequences.
236 SC pellets demonstrated equivalent levels of craving over an abstinence period of 30 days.
237 d study, intranasal insulin reduced nicotine cravings over time (b=0.065, P0.05) and the effect laste
238  mcg/kg versus placebo in increasing alcohol craving (p < .05) with a large effect size (d = .94).
239 ction of comparable magnitude in cue-induced craving (p = .012).
240 ncreasing either urge to drink juice or food craving (p = ns).
241       We found that changes in self-reported craving positively correlated with changes in CBF from t
242                         In rats, cue-induced craving progressively intensifies (incubates) during wit
243 ssment; and 2) sums of visual analogue scale craving ratings administered during cue exposure.
244                                      Cocaine craving ratings positively correlated with the strength
245                                     Postscan craving ratings were acquired for each image, and behavi
246 e of ibudilast on subjective (including drug craving), reinforcing, and analgesic effects of oxycodon
247 ng changes in subsequent measures of cocaine craving/relapse.
248 he relationship between spine plasticity and craving remains unclear.
249                                     The mean craving response to both familiar and novel smoking cues
250                                          The craving response to smoking-associated cues in humans or
251 related with alcohol consumption and alcohol-craving scores.
252 n striatal morphology may be a biomarker for craving severity.
253  time-dependent increase in the motivational craving state (incubation of craving).
254 hology was then related with two measures of craving: state-based craving, assessed by the brief ques
255                                     Although craving states are important to both cocaine dependence
256 esults indicate a novel mechanism of alcohol craving that involves MMP-9-dependent synaptic plasticit
257 e, we used a rat model of incubation of drug craving, the neuronal activity marker Fos, and the Daun0
258                                  For cocaine craving, the Stress x Cue interaction term had a positiv
259 astically suppresses drinking, even in water-craving thirsty animals.
260 y play a role in the neurobiology of alcohol craving, thus demonstrating a novel pharmacologic target
261 extinction training substantially attenuated craving to both familiar and novel smoking cues and redu
262 ods), like the smell of brownies, can elicit craving to eat and increase the amount of food consumed.
263 ith CD participants reporting strong cocaine cravings to cocaine videos, and PG participants reportin
264 y (reduced RAI) predicted abstinence-induced cravings to smoke (r = -0.59; P = .007) and less suppres
265                                              Cravings to smoke were assessed before and after the sca
266 ssociated with abstinence-induced subjective cravings to smoke.
267 a were analyzed separately for high- and low-craving trials (median split analysis).
268 ective value in midbrain and striatum in low-craving trials that was reversed in high-craving trials.
269 low-craving trials that was reversed in high-craving trials.
270 the dexamethasone-CRF test, but left alcohol craving unaffected.
271 s targeting the neural systems implicated in craving/urge states in addictions.
272 than-additive) effects of stress and cues on craving, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
273 lapse in drug addiction is the experience of craving via exposure to cues previously associated with
274 The combination of the SL phenotype and high craving was associated with a strong response to naltrex
275                Incubation of methamphetamine craving was associated with CP-AMPAR accumulation in NAc
276                      Expression of incubated craving was decreased by intra-NAc core 1-naphthyl acety
277          Consequently, incubation of cocaine craving was decreased persistently.
278                                              Craving was evaluated using two established protocols, o
279                                         Food craving was indicated with subjective ratings of visual
280                         Self-reported opioid craving was initially less with XR-NTX than with BUP-NX
281                              Subjective food craving was inversely related to dorsolateral PFC activa
282 sma aldosterone levels, alcohol drinking and craving was investigated in alcohol-dependent patients.
283 ween midbrain D2/D3 BPnd and methamphetamine craving was not detected.
284                                       Heroin craving was significantly reduced under active ibudilast
285  scanning than normal metabolizers; however, craving was unrelated to nAChR availability.
286                               Dependence and craving were assessed using standardized questionnaires.
287 e-related measures of subjective anxiety and craving were collected.
288 etween these measures and self-reported drug craving were examined.
289     Subjective effects of oxycodone and drug craving were measured with visual analog scales (VAS) an
290 ion to smoke (smoking topography), mood, and craving were recorded.
291 ape deformations associated with cue-induced craving were specific to striatal subregions involved in
292 ity to inhibit a motor response to cigarette cravings when those cravings conflict with a goal to rem
293 ne addiction is to reduce relapse-associated cravings, which are typically induced by environmental s
294 cting the interoceptive awareness of tobacco craving with a larger brain network that motivates smoki
295 iagnostic group interaction in self-reported craving, with CD participants reporting strong cocaine c
296 ich extra-striatal regions and is related to craving, withdrawal and smoking behavior.
297                       On five separate days, craving, withdrawal, affect, and sustained attention wer
298 moking significantly decreased self-reported craving, withdrawal, and [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in D2
299            All cigarettes equally alleviated craving, withdrawal, and negative affect in the whole sa
300 We also found no significant improvements in craving, withdrawal, or cognitive function.

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