ライフサイエンスコーパス: creatine

1 lites (i.e., choline, N-acetylaspartate, and creatine).

2 tabolites (choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine).

3 to 28% in samples containing high amounts of creatine.

4 is is down-regulated by dietary/supplemental creatine.

5 cetylcarnitine, 2-oxoglutarate, choline, and creatine.

6 ntly higher intracellular diffusion of total creatine (0.202 +/- 0.032 mum(2)/ms, P = 0.018) and tota

7 Participants were randomized to placebo or creatine (10 g/d) monohydrate for a minimum of 5 years (

8 mized to receive 400 mug FA, 800 mug FA, 3 g creatine, 3 g creatine+400 mug FA, or placebo daily.

9 ve 400 mug FA, 800 mug FA, 3 g creatine, 3 g creatine+400 mug FA, or placebo daily.

10 y assigned to 1 of 5 treatments (67 received creatine, 66 received minocycline, 71 received coenzyme

11 Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytopl

12 Remarkably, creatine administration into Gamt-deficient and wild-typ

13 ages/microglia into lesions, suggesting that creatine affects oligodendrocyte survival independently

14 studies, we will evaluate whether FA and/or creatine altered As methylation profiles.

15 on of homozygous Gatm mutants with exogenous creatine ameliorated the colitis phenotype.

16 Here, we investigated the role of creatine, an organic acid involved in adenosine triphosp

17 intracellular signals, and cyclocreatine, a creatine analog that can supply ATP.

18 of glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, NAA, creatine and choline.

19 Phosphocreatine/creatine and citrate were identified at higher concentra

20 measurement of the isotopic distribution of creatine and creatinine by liquid chromatography-tandem

21 y be affected by the interconversion between creatine and creatinine during sample preparation or by

22 Key differences in creatine and glucose metabolism were noted in the PMC, i

23 rations of glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, creatine and inosine were present in aqueous extracts an

24 E4 carriers had significantly higher choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine ratios than APOE E3 h

25 anglia) N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Choline, NAA/Creatine and myo-inositol/Creatine ratios were measured.

26 n a healthy aging normal population, choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine ratios were significa

27 cant effect on (1)H-MRS metabolites (choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine).

28 ifteen healthy adults were supplemented with creatine and placebo treatments for 7 d, which increased

29 Total creatine and succinate decreased from non-failing to fai

30 inositol (mI) and metabolic changes in total creatine and taurine previously reported to be associate

31 Creatine and the citric acid cycle intermediate succinat

32 Total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine and total choline diffusion values from all pat

33 The higher diffusivity of total creatine and total choline in patients with NPSLE, as we

34 idine, uracil, fumarate, creatine phosphate, creatine, and choline.

35 the amino acid arginine, the energy carrier creatine, and the nucleobase guanine.

36 fusivities of choline compounds and of total creatine are potentially unique markers for glial reacti

37 for the first time in humans, the utility of creatine as a dietary supplement to protect against ener

38 n arginine-glycine amidinotransferase in the creatine biosynthesis pathway.

39 e (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: the transfer of an amidino group

40 tients, levels were modestly lower for GABA+/creatine but did not differ for GABA+/water compared wit

41 nopus oocytes revealed that MCT12 transports creatine but not its precursor, guanidinoacetate.

42 ed from the conversion of phosphocreatine to creatine by creatine kinase provides an essential chemic

43 we show the conversion of phosphocreatine to creatine by spatiotemporal mapping of creatine changes i

44 es (e.g. glucose, glycogen, leucine, valine, creatine, carnitine, lactate, nucleosides) were increase

45 ine to creatine by spatiotemporal mapping of creatine changes in the exercised human calf muscle.

46 change in NAA/creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline/creatine (choline/Cr) over 12 weeks of treatment.

47 function was the highest for RCV (0.58 with creatine clearance, 0.54 with estimated glomerular filtr

48 rain glutamate, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and creatine concentrations in MSUD patients, which correlat

49 partate (NAA), choline-containing compounds, creatine-containing compounds (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), a

50 We observed a decrease in creatine content from the center of the meat piece to th

51 age diffusivities of total choline and total creatine, correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus ac

52 te plus N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) and choline compounds (Cho) to Cr in wides

53 a significant correlation between both total creatine (Cr) and N-acetylaspartyl compounds (NAA) and s

54 uronal mitochondrial function, normalized to creatine (Cr) levels were measured from the motor cortex

55 ACC GABA/creatine (Cr) levels were significantly lower in adolesc

56 etabolite ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), NAA/myoinositol (mI), and mI/Cr measured

57 N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and creatine (Cr).

58 e ratios (citrate [Cit], spermine [Spm], and creatine [Cr] to choline [Cho] and Cho to Cr plus Spm) w

59 It acts as a phospho-transferase on creatine (Crea), requiring the presence of phosphate.

60 te, acetone, acetoacetate, citrate, lactate, creatine, creatinine, and alanine) associated with surgi

61 The methodology was applied to study the creatine-creatinine interconversion during LC-MS/MS and

62 od capable of correcting and quantifying the creatine-creatinine interconversion occurring during the

63 s of real serum samples by GC-MS showed that creatine-creatinine separation by SPE can be a nonquanti

64 Creatine-deficient mice show unaltered maximal exercise

65 We found that creatine did not affect the recruitment of macrophages/m

66 ermally stable but less soluble comparing to creatine due to a self-aggregation process that occurs a

67 nation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that creatine enhances oligodendrocyte mitochondrial function

68 beige adipose signature and demonstrate that creatine enhances respiration in beige-fat mitochondria

69 Here, we synthesized creatine fatty esters through original organic chemistry

70 itamin D, with positive isolated studies for creatine, folinic acid, and an amino acid combination.

71 There has been recent interest in creatine for its neuroprotective effects in neurodegener

72 asure glutamate concentrations normalized to creatine (Glu/Cr) in dACC and basal ganglia of 31 patien

73 spectroscopic findings of N-acetylaspartate/creatine in frontal gray matter (r = -0.40; P = .03), fr

74 our results demonstrate a novel function for creatine in promoting oligodendrocyte viability during C

75 GABA+/creatine in the dorsal anterior cingulate may constitute

76 naive patients with ALS had higher levels of creatine in the motor cortex (P < .001 for both comparis

77 functions as a basolateral exit pathway for creatine in the proximal tubule.

78 We found that creatine increased mitochondrial ATP production directly

79 monohydrate supplementation augments neural creatine, increases corticomotor excitability, and preve

80 Also, a detectable conversion of creatine into creatinine was observed during sample prep

81 Creatine is a molecule that supports energy metabolism i

82 Creatine is a naturally occurring compound involved in t

83 Creatine is also neuroprotective in vitro against anoxic

84 ut preinfarction angina (n=166) by both peak creatine kinase (1094+/-75 IU/L versus 2270+/-102 IU/L;

85 Exogenous creatine kinase (500 to 4000 IU/L, phosphocreatine 5 mM)

86 s, but, to date, has not been confirmed with creatine kinase (CK) assays.

87 Creatine kinase (CK) is a commonly used biomarker to ass

88 a 2-tiered approach to NBS with screening by creatine kinase (CK) levels in dried blood spots followe

89 Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were lower (p = 0.025), and

90 In addition, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels within the Oxford CMS cohort

91 iation of a recently reported variant in the creatine kinase (CK) muscle gene, CKM Glu83Gly (rs115590

92 The creatine kinase (CK) reaction plays a critical role in s

93 The creatine kinase (CK) system is thought to play an integr

94 lationship between cTnT, cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band levels, and ske

95 tions, and measurements of serum cTnT, cTnI, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial band (C

96 Inhibition of creatine kinase (CK), which increases cytosolic ADP, in

97 common grade 3-4 adverse events were raised creatine kinase (five [6%] in the 200 mg group vs 19 [13

98 inol-binding protein (hRBP) under the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter (MCKhRBP) with the PKCdel

99 ch nebulin deletion was driven by the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promotor.

100 o proceeded directly to phase B for elevated creatine kinase (N = 218, with 73 randomized to ezetimib

101 nfarction </=1 flow, there was reduced serum creatine kinase (P=0.030) and a 19% reduction in cardiac

102 d in 9 healthy men (mean age 27.9 y, SE 3.3; creatine kinase 115 to 859 IU/L, median 358), was associ

103 omatic gene transfer or transgenesis (muscle creatine kinase [MCK]-EcSOD) in mice significantly atten

104 e fibers, increased central nuclei, elevated creatine kinase activity and endomysial fibrosis.

105 fat, cold exposure stimulates mitochondrial creatine kinase activity and induces coordinated express

106 further explore the effect of calmodulin on creatine kinase activity and show that it is increased b

107 imus lumborum and a 5-fold increase in serum creatine kinase activity compared with healthy male litt

108 l muscle health in mdx mice, reducing plasma creatine kinase activity, an established measure of musc

109 on of inflammatory markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein, proinflamm

110 ontractile function and a reduction in serum creatine kinase activity.

111 dependence of infarct size plotting the peak creatine kinase against time onset of ischemia.

112 ne blood chemistry was normal, as were serum creatine kinase and aldolase levels and thyroid, hepatic

113 e cell number, and a decrease in activity of creatine kinase and several oxidative enzymes.

114 revascularization report reduced release of creatine kinase and troponin.

115 5 IU/L versus 2270+/-102 IU/L; P<0.0001) and creatine kinase area under curve (18 420+/-18 941 versus

116 terquartile range, 14-42; P<0.01) and median creatine kinase areas under the curve were 22 000 and 38

117 variability compared with the commonly used creatine kinase assay, and correlated better with the re

118 A 43 kDa band, identified as creatine kinase by proteomic analysis, showed the potent

119 identified the ATP-buffering, mitochondrial creatine kinase CKMT1 as necessary for survival of EVI1-

120 e dye uptake into muscle and increased serum creatine kinase compared to the 129T2/SvEmsJ background.

121 he most common adverse event was an elevated creatine kinase concentration to more than ten times the

122 Peak and area under the creatine kinase curve did not differ between both groups

123 , gastrointestinal effects, and asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation.

124 tin at its highest doses was associated with creatine kinase elevations (odds ratio, 4.14; 95% credib

125 was the forward rate constant (k(f)) of the creatine kinase enzyme in the frontal lobe.

126 Reduced kf of the creatine kinase enzyme is consistent with an abnormality

127 3 and miR-551a expression, which derepresses creatine kinase expression and allows energy to be captu

128 Creatine kinase expression falls, possibly impairing hig

129 ne kinase reaction, we have now measured the creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant in BD.

130 We found a significant reduction in creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant in the BD

131 hy control participants at 4T and quantified creatine kinase forward reaction rate constant using (31

132 on by OXPHOS (vOX), anaerobic glycolysis and creatine kinase in moderate and severe intensity exercis

133 here was a significant increase in mean peak creatine kinase in the oxygen group compared with the no

134 This concept is applied here to creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), a cardiac biomarker i

135 stically significant (P = .003) reduction in creatine kinase kf was observed in SZ.

136 resonance-determined myocardial salvage and creatine kinase kinetics.

137 Serum creatine kinase level can be normal or only mildly eleva

138 After exercise, at an endogenous creatine kinase level of 4664, ADP-induced platelet aggr

139 -year history of weight loss and an elevated creatine kinase level up to 4000 U/L.

140 The median creatine kinase level was 5326 U/L.

141 = 0.45; I2 = 0%), and increases in the serum creatine kinase level were reduced (OR, 0.72 [CI, 0.54 t

142 Infarct size was measured as the peak creatine kinase level, a metric supported in a subgroup

143 ntractures, severe scoliosis, elevated serum creatine kinase level, myopathic electrodiagnostic chang

144 ed lactic acidosis and mild elevation of the creatine kinase level.

145 cle degeneration, but had no effect on serum creatine kinase levels and muscle strength.

146 , Evans blue dye uptake is reduced and serum creatine kinase levels are lower.

147 These programs used elevated creatine kinase levels in dried blood spots for the init

148 Elevated creatine kinase levels in the neonatal period are the in

149 ociated with an increased incidence of serum creatine kinase levels that were more than 10 times the

150 distribution and significantly reduced serum creatine kinase levels, but had limited effect on muscle

151 of Dmdmdx-5Cv mice results in reduced serum creatine kinase levels, improved sarcolemmal integrity,

152 e disorder associated with elevated neonatal creatine kinase levels.

153 esonance imaging, and through elevated serum creatine kinase levels.

154 lder ages, chronic remodeling and increasing creatine kinase levels.

155 ced interstitial fibrosis and elevated serum creatine kinase levels.

156 globin and somatic cytochrome-C) and others (creatine kinase M, malate dehydrogenase cytosolic, fibri

157 Fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of plasma creatine kinase M-type (CK-M) and carbonic anhydrase 3 (

158 ts, there was a reduction in serum levels of creatine kinase muscle-brain isoenzyme, a myocardial-spe

159 s of serum cTnT, cTnI, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), and N-terminal

160 There were no differences in creatine kinase or high sensitivity C-reactive protein l

161 Thirty-one of 34 patients had elevated creatine kinase or myoglobin.

162 Structural analysis of modified muscle-type creatine kinase peptide variants by two-dimensional NMR

163 e overexpressing PGC-1alpha under the muscle creatine kinase promoter (MPGC-1alphaTG mice) displayed

164 conversion of phosphocreatine to creatine by creatine kinase provides an essential chemical energy so

165 is replenished from phosphocreatine via the creatine kinase reaction, we have now measured the creat

166 Thus, creatine kinase reduces ADP-induced platelet activation.

167 No evidence of differences in creatine kinase release (P=0.92), troponin T (P=0.85), o

168 y (31)P nuclear MR spectroscopy, lactate and creatine kinase release spectrophotometrically, and hypo

169 e estimated by peak and area under the curve creatine kinase release was measured in all study popula

170 point was infarct size assessed by measuring creatine kinase release.

171 ed muscle degeneration and fibrosis, reduced creatine kinase serum levels, restored running capacity

172 Diagnosis using the classic blood marker creatine kinase sometimes yields unsatisfactory results

173 after rest, with a concomitant reduction of creatine kinase to normal values.

174 olipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoE, mitochondrial creatine kinase U-type, beta-synuclein, synaptogyrin-3,

175 Serum creatine kinase values were usually normal or slightly e

176 bout strength loss, less soreness, and lower creatine kinase values.

177 Creatine kinase was normal or mildly elevated.

178 tions of serum transaminases, bilirubin, and creatine kinase were infrequent and similar between grou

179 h large increases in blood concentrations of creatine kinase), new-onset diabetes mellitus, and, prob

180 lar to enolase, pyruvate kinase, isoforms of creatine kinase, aldolase A and an isoform of glyceralde

181 derived from lactate dehydrogenase, one from creatine kinase, and four from serum albumin protein.

182 f three model proteins (Human Serum Albumin, creatine kinase, and myoglobin).

183 ge, sex, and admission levels of troponin I, creatine kinase, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic pe

184 f such therapy, the levels of troponin T and creatine kinase, and the rates of bleeding and stroke di

185 e levels of creatine kinase, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, K(+) i

186 These miRNAs convergently target creatine kinase, brain-type (CKB), which phosphorylates

187 ants or isoforms of tropomyosin, arginine or creatine kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenas

188 ved hemodynamics and decreased the levels of creatine kinase, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, blood

189 n of total reverse T3, high concentration of creatine kinase, mild anaemia), and radiological (thicke

190 st notably the regions harboring CKMT2 gene (creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2) and RASGRF2 gene (Ras

191 arkers included high-sensitivity troponin T, creatine kinase, myoglobin, N-terminal B-type natriureti

192 Accordingly, endogenous plasma creatine kinase, studied in 9 healthy men (mean age 27.9

193 Atorvastatin also increased average creatine kinase, suggesting that statins produce mild mu

194 We assessed whether the level of plasma creatine kinase, the enzyme that utilizes ADP and phosph

195 intra- and intermolecular cross-links within creatine kinase, then to map the interaction surfaces be

196 sterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine kinase, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and eryth

197 erize the interaction between calmodulin and creatine kinase, which we identify as a novel calmodulin

198 (TnI), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and TnI and BNP by CART.

199 similar information as a value of 5x ULN for creatine kinase-MB (hazard ratio, 4.31; 99% confidence i

200 re hemodynamic deterioration, preangiography creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme rise >2 x normal, and time

201 Postprocedural cTnT and creatine kinase-MB mass levels (ULN, 6.7 ng/mL in men an

202 Troponin-T and creatine kinase-MB peaked at day 1 after procedure (both

203 43; P=0.003 and hazard ratio per doubling of creatine kinase-MB, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-

204 ity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Troponin-T, creatine kinase-MB, fibrinogen, and D-Dimer concentratio

205 models and included haptoglobin, IL-10, and creatine kinase-MB.

206 utcome information as a cutoff of 5x ULN for creatine kinase-MB.

207 Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) measurements wer

208 The incidence of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB)-defined PPMI (CK

209 High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-myocardial band were measured before and

210 Creatine kinase-myocardial band yielded similar results,

211 me parameter was the area under the curve of creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction concentration.

212 The area under the creatine kinase-myocardial brain fraction curve was 3144

213 aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase.

214 thesis from OXPHOS, anaerobic glycolysis and creatine kinase.

215 assessed by cardiac enzymes, troponin I, and creatine kinase.

216 ere modeled in the C terminus of muscle-type creatine kinase.

217 ficulties, and normal to moderately elevated creatine kinase.

218 function, and perfusion), injury biomarkers (creatine-kinase-MB and troponin I), and histopathologic

219 ir of high-energy phosphate (HEP) bonds, and creatine kinases (CK) catalyze the transfer of HEP from

220 table for bulky ASB9 substrates, such as the creatine kinases.

221 and -1.6 ppm, likely arising from changes in creatine level and nuclear overhauser effects, which wer

222 Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous sy

223 Pharmacological reduction of creatine levels decreases whole-body energy expenditure

224 al excretion of guanidinoacetate, but normal creatine levels, suggesting that MCT12 may function as a

225 Supplementation with dietary creatine markedly ameliorated both disease severity and

226 Genes of creatine metabolism are compensatorily induced when UCP1

227 We identify arginine/creatine metabolism as a beige adipose signature and dem

228 Suppression of arginine-creatine metabolism by CKMT1-directed shRNAs or by the s

229 These findings link a futile cycle of creatine metabolism to adipose tissue energy expenditure

230 rdinated expression of genes associated with creatine metabolism.

231 lism, membrane lipid breakdown and increased creatine metabolism.

232 domized placebo-controlled clinical trial of creatine monohydrate (10 g/d) that was performed at 45 s

233 nd treated Parkinson disease, treatment with creatine monohydrate for at least 5 years, compared with

234 These findings do not support the use of creatine monohydrate in patients with Parkinson disease.

235 Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation augments neural cre

236 e the effects of davunetide on change in NAA/creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline/creatine (choline/Cr) over

237 WM, GM and T2 lesions; and N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) levels in WM.

238 ical shift imaging (CSI) was used to explore creatine-normalized measures of other metabolites in bas

239 bo treatments for 7 d, which increased brain creatine on average by 9.2%.

240 ed proteins or macromolecules) referenced to creatine or water were studied with J-edited proton spec

241 anserine (p=0.034), carnosine (p=0.019) and creatine (p=0.049).

242 eatine-mediated reactivation of the arginine-creatine pathway.

243 So, the phosphorylated form of creatine (Pcrea) was immobilized on the Au/SPE previousl

244 in glucose, upper glycolytic intermediates, creatine phosphate, and the amino acids glutamine and se

245 ce and decreased cytidine, uracil, fumarate, creatine phosphate, creatine, and choline.

246 showed reduced cardiac function and reduced creatine phosphate:ATP (16% reduction), but ssTnI TAC he

247 A higher creatine phosphate:ATP ratio in diabetic kidney cortices

248 acetylaspartate, and the predominantly glial creatine + phosphocreatine and choline compounds.

249 e decrease of taurine, glucose, lactate, and creatine/phosphocreatine.

250 ty population in either group were increased creatine phosphokinase (52 [19%] of 269 patients in the

251 CKM Glu83Gly (rs11559024) with constitutive creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels, CK variation, and in

252 lity, time to microbiological clearance, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation.

253 h autoimmune disorder (n=3), increased blood creatine phosphokinase (n=2), and increased aspartate am

254 [11%] in treatment group B), increased blood creatine phosphokinase (one [1%] vs four [4%]), and hypo

255 laboratory values, including increased blood creatine phosphokinase (seven [8%]), increased alanine a

256 ffect was an asymptomatic increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase concentration (200 mg, n=5; 400 m

257 (6.8%) and included asthenia, AST elevation, creatine phosphokinase elevation, and decreased appetite

258 and one patient at 20 mg/kg, increased blood creatine phosphokinase in two patients at 20 mg/kg, and

259 in the placebo and vemurafenib group), blood creatine phosphokinase increase (30 [12%] vs one [<1%]),

260 patients: lymphopenia in two patients, blood creatine phosphokinase increase in one patient, aminotra

261 two groups (all p > 0.05), whereas the peak creatine phosphokinase level was significantly reduced i

262 ete blood count and electrolyte, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, and troponin T levels were norma

263 dividuals had eye defects or elevated muscle creatine phosphokinase, separating the TMTC3 COB phenoty

264 dition of oligomycin A, phosphocreatine, and creatine phosphokinase.

265 cetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate/creatine ratio (NAA/Cr) in a group of 89 women with CFS.

266 areas of restricted diffusivity; and choline/creatine ratio in areas with lowest signal intensity on

267 8, and P = .0001, respectively), and choline/creatine ratio in regions with the lowest signal intensi

268 tly higher choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine ratios than APOE E3 homozygotes.

269 (NAA)/Choline, NAA/Creatine and myo-inositol/Creatine ratios were measured.

270 opulation, choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine ratios were significantly increased in APOE E4

271 UCP1-dependent thermogenesis is ablated, and creatine reduction in Ucp1-deficient mice reduces core b

272 Creatine riboside (IUPAC name: 2-{2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-d

273 Creatine riboside and NANA may be robust urinary clinica

274 Creatine riboside was the strongest classifier of lung c

275 This is the first demonstration of creatine's utility as a neuroprotective supplement when

276 GABA+/creatine showed a modest degree of familiality (intracla

277 Dietary creatine supplementation has been associated with improv

278 o determine whether 400 or 800 mug FA and/or creatine supplementation lowers bAs in an As-exposed Ban

279 is study was to assess the influence of oral creatine supplementation on the neurophysiological and n

280 pacity, were restored when participants were creatine supplemented, and corticomotor excitability inc

281 Although the reasons for this are unclear, creatine synthesis is a major consumer of methyl donors,

282 iated demyelination in mice deficient in the creatine-synthesizing enzyme guanidinoacetate-methyltran

283 (8.1 +/- 0.2 vs 9.4 +/- 0.4; P < .01), total creatine (tCr) (7.5 +/- 0.2 vs 8.3 +/- 0.3; P < .01), an

284 ch is mainly localized in neurons, and total creatine (tCr), an energy metabolite, in 19 BD patients

285 13)C analogues ((13)C1-creatinine and (13)C2-creatine), the measurement of the isotopic distribution

286 tons in bulk water can be exploited to image creatine through chemical exchange saturation transfer (

287 e (CKB), which phosphorylates the metabolite creatine, to generate phosphocreatine.

288 MCT12 (also known as SLC16A12) that mediates creatine transport was recently identified as the cause

289 different cell types and that the extent of creatine transporter expression is proportional to the c

290 neurons in the brain also had some degree of creatine transporter immunoreactivity.

291 tic investigation of the distribution of the creatine transporter in the human brain.

292 is carried across the plasma membrane by the creatine transporter.

293 ts enrolled in the Bangladesh Folic Acid and Creatine Trial (FACT).

294 A neuromodulatory effect of creatine via increased energy availability is presumed t

295 placebo was 2360 (95% CI, 2249-2470) and for creatine was 2414 (95% CI, 2304-2524).

296 Creatine was not different between the two groups.

297 neurochemical measure, myo-inositol+glycine/creatine, was consistently increased in each brain regio

298 rate that the exchange of amine protons from creatine with protons in bulk water can be exploited to

299 For this purpose, (13)C(1)-labeled creatine (with the isotopic label in the guanidinium gro

300 the distribution indicates that supplemented creatine would be widely taken up by brain cells, althou