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1  canonical model of plasticity confined to a critical period.
2  (SSNs) that disappears by the end of the L4 critical period.
3 from long-term MD started at the peak of the critical period.
4 , these manipulations are able to reopen the critical period.
5 sine kinase erbB4 regulate the timing of the critical period.
6 ptor 1 (ngr1/rtn4r) is required to close the critical period.
7 ic program of gene expression determines the critical period.
8 tic environment during the auditory cortical critical period.
9 s facilitated in part by experience during a critical period.
10 enriched genes that are prominent during the critical period.
11 ulates the initiation and termination of the critical period.
12 dulation, with impairments restricted to the critical period.
13  plastic even beyond the peak of its natural critical period.
14 nt during a time commonly referred to as the critical period.
15  be restored to the nervous system after the critical period.
16 g from excessive anticoagulation during this critical period.
17 bout inhibitory neurotransmission during the critical period.
18 tion of leptin is limited to a developmental critical period.
19 rticularly when recovering vision during the critical period.
20  when visual deprivation persists beyond the critical period.
21 es only after the completion of the thalamic critical period.
22 ehavioral and cognitive deficits during this critical period.
23 dependent mechanisms only operate during the critical period.
24 units from neonatal to adult form around the critical period.
25 sensitive to the cue is often described as a critical period.
26 by monocular deprivation spanning the entire critical period.
27 xpression during the disease state early-use critical period.
28 coustic influences during an early postnatal critical period.
29  blocked by monocular deprivation during the critical period.
30  plasticity to the genetic regulation of the critical period.
31 ystems that are still developing during this critical period.
32 cuits that disappear after the somatosensory critical period.
33 y and essential step in OD plasticity to the critical period.
34 nct phases of postnatal development known as critical periods.
35 hibition determines the onset and closure of critical periods.
36 en after early blindness that extends beyond critical periods.
37 n a mechanistic continuum with developmental critical periods.
38 ntrol of brain plasticity and the closure of critical periods.
39 orrect formation of circuits during cortical critical periods.
40 pes A1 binaural selectivity during two early critical periods.
41 ting heightened sensitivity to change during critical periods.
42 uits throughout development during specified critical periods.
43 te, to modulate plasticity levels during the critical period?
44 em that is maximal early in life, within the critical period [1-3].
45  and to modulate the onset and offset of the critical period [4, 5].
46 o prevailing views of the termination of the critical period, active maintenance of strong excitation
47                                              Critical period activity modulation via odorant stimuli,
48 patient has the closest relationships in the critical period after a cancer diagnosis--is in a unique
49                     These findings suggest a critical period after bleeding events when patients are
50 of EGFR-expressing progenitor cells during a critical period after brain injury, and promotes cellula
51 at address parental mental health during the critical period after the child's autism diagnosis when
52 f hyperstimulation, providing evidence for a critical period after which proper microvascular pattern
53                                       During critical periods, all cortical neural circuits are refin
54  respond to monocular deprivation during the critical period, altering their morphology, motility and
55 sion (monocular deprivation [MD]) during the critical period alters ocular dominance (OD) by shifting
56 lated with a precocious onset and closure of critical period and deficient binocular visual function
57 or the development of depression during this critical period and thus may provide clues as to etiolog
58 se findings suggest that current accounts of critical periods and experience-dependent development sh
59                      On the other hand, the "critical period" and newly emerged "biomarkers window" h
60                                              Critical periods are developmental time windows during w
61                                              Critical periods are developmental windows during which
62 al neuronal functions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Critical periods are developmental windows of opportunit
63                                              Critical periods are temporary windows of heightened neu
64           During nervous system development, critical periods are usually defined as early periods du
65 rected by applying exogenous strain during a critical period around gastrulation.
66 mice retain plasticity characteristic of the critical period as adults, and that ngr1 operates within
67   This form of plasticity is restricted to a critical period before the developmental change in GABAe
68 ar response thresholds when treated during a critical period between postnatal day 1 and 5, respectiv
69 bited ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period but rescued plasticity in transgenics wi
70                CS accumulates in PNNs at the critical period, but its function in earlier life is unc
71 cular dominance column plasticity during the critical period, but later research has suggested otherw
72 ate whether disinhibition is confined to the critical period by ngr1 We demonstrate that ngr1 mutant
73 mon inducers of both onset and offset of the critical period by promoting PV-cell function throughout
74 rkness imposed near the trailing edge of the critical period can restore a heightened susceptibility
75             Abnormal experience during these critical periods can yield enduring maladaptive changes
76 Monocular deprivation (MD) during the visual critical period causes shifts in ocular preference, or d
77 ry input was removed, we determined that the critical period closes around postnatal day 14.
78                            During the visual critical period, closure of one eye elicits changes in t
79                An early OT treatment in this critical period could be a novel therapeutic approach fo
80 ts that rapid telomere attrition during this critical period could reflect the improved growth in the
81 posed in adulthood or beyond the peak of the critical period could rejuvenate the ability of MD to re
82  implicated in both the onset and closure of critical period (CP) plasticity.
83 rly phase of enhanced sensitivity called the critical period (CP), monocular deprivation causes a shi
84 asticity occurs on the cusp of the canonical critical period (CP).
85 ing visual experience during auditory cortex critical periods (CPs) by assessing the influence of ear
86 ge acquisition research is whether there are critical periods (CPs) in development during which the s
87 ing windows of heightened plasticity termed "critical periods" (CPs).
88 asses exhibit distinctive activity-dependent critical period dendritic remodeling.
89 was used to explore the relationship between critical period dendritic spine abnormalities, cortical
90 sculpting dendritic arbors during early-use, critical period development of learning and memory circu
91 dulate calcium signaling, activity-dependent critical period development, and the excitation-inhibiti
92 hannelrhodopsin-driven depolarization during critical period development, but are reduced by halorhod
93 unctional refinement of cortical circuits in critical period development.
94 ugged from hearing onset throughout auditory critical periods displayed impaired behavioral gap detec
95  clinical relevance for the understanding of critical periods disruption in autism spectrum disorder
96  that brief monocular deprivation during the critical period downregulates neuregulin-1(NRG1)/ErbB4 s
97                 These data also suggest that critical-period duration links synapse maturation rates
98 h between faces and nonfaces is subject to a critical period during development.
99        Recent studies have begun to define a critical period during early development in which disrup
100 s and suggest that early postnatal life is a critical period during which nutrition can affect hypoth
101  that early and mid-adolescence constitute a critical period during which repeated CB1 receptor stimu
102 r results suggest that P11-P23 encompasses a critical period during which sensory deprivation disrupt
103 ed expression in developing gonads after the critical period during which sex is determined by incuba
104 t infantile amnesia reflects a developmental critical period during which the learning system is lear
105 o the mouse bulbar circuitry and highlight a critical period during which the principal cells' activi
106 pression of SK2 channels, we identified the "critical period" during which spiking activity influence
107 rience-dependent functional optimization and critical periods end.
108 nction training, while after closure of this critical period, extinction training only temporarily an
109 nty-four children in grade 3 (ages 8-9 y), a critical period for acquisition of basic mathematical sk
110 nt did not disrupt segregation, indicating a critical period for activity-dependent shaping of patter
111  is highly expressed at axon tips during the critical period for axon development.
112                             Adolescence is a critical period for emotional maturation and is a time w
113 ole of GABAergic signaling in establishing a critical period for experience in visual cortex is well
114 e in a brain state-dependent manner during a critical period for experience-dependent plasticity.
115 nes may trigger the opening of an adolescent critical period for experience-dependent rewiring of cir
116                             Midlife may be a critical period for initiating treatments to lower perip
117                                    Dusk is a critical period for interactions amongst species in this
118      To temporally delineate closure of this critical period for leptin-stimulated growth, we treated
119 ol and young enough to be within the classic critical period for neuroplasticity [7, 8].
120 al cortical principal neurons terminates the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity but also
121 was sufficient to govern the duration of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the v
122 PV) INs plays a central role in enabling the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity.
123 plicated in the control of the timing of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity.
124  that ngr1 limits disinhibition to close the critical period for OD plasticity and that a decrease in
125 er monocular lid suture is restricted to the critical period for ODP and appears to be necessary for
126 ction of PV cell firing rates can extend the critical period for ODP.
127                                          One critical period for optimizing human language mapping is
128 ptic circuits defines the time window of the critical period for plasticity in sensory cortices.
129 ing environmental conditions accelerates the critical period for plasticity in the primary visual cor
130 amine signaling cascade is required during a critical period for promotion of social-context-dependen
131                                          The critical period for relevant recovery of renal function
132           Exposure during early gestation, a critical period for reproductive development, is of part
133       This defines a previously undocumented critical period for SGN survival.
134                             Adolescence is a critical period for suboptimal behavioral choices and th
135 successfully bridged the animals through the critical period for survival after acute liver failure,
136 lso reveal that adult-generated neurons in a critical period for survival use GABA signaling to rapid
137 peeding of NMDA receptor kinetics during the critical period for TC plasticity, despite no reduction
138 ars in life are increasingly recognized as a critical period for the development of diet-related beha
139 significantly, demonstrating that there is a critical period for the regeneration of cochlear support
140 netic tolerance induction studies revealed a critical period for TLR2 involvement in adoptive transfe
141             We show the presence of distinct critical periods for Atoh1 in each of these functions, s
142 sex, timing and type of stress exposure, and critical periods for intervention in various brain syste
143 st cancer risk, younger ages may be the more critical periods for lifestyle modifications aimed at br
144 d the importance of visual experience during critical periods for the development of normal sensory-e
145             We then go on to discuss how the critical periods for these genetic deficits will shape t
146 rator-VEGF-C double-transgenic mice during a critical period from embryonic day 15.5 to postnatal day
147                                            A critical period governs memory performance during the fi
148 nt animal and human studies now support the "critical period" hypothesis for E2 neuroprotection where
149 nocular deprivation during the developmental critical period impairs binocular integration in mouse p
150 none have demonstrated the creation of a new critical period in adulthood.
151 ightened expression of GlyRalpha1 around the critical period in all respiratory-related nuclear group
152 ht a novel regulatory pathway that creates a critical period in brain development vulnerable to dysre
153 al system, normal visual experience during a critical period in early life drives the matching of ind
154          Epidemiological data point toward a critical period in early life during which environmental
155 ientation preference is established during a critical period in early life, but the underlying circui
156 nce plasticity is easily observed during the critical period in early postnatal life.
157 bipolar disorder (BD), with adolescence as a critical period in its development.
158 n induce pulmonary lymphangiectasia during a critical period in perinatal development.
159 he host and microbial factors governing this critical period in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary path
160 s, we have discovered a narrowly constrained critical period in Purkinje neuron development subject t
161                         We have identified a critical period in rat development during the second wee
162 ircuits in juvenile visual cortex triggers a critical period in the development of the visual system.
163        Long-lasting imprinted aversion has a critical period in the first larval stage and is specifi
164 pressing specific odorant receptors during a critical period in the formation of the olfactory sensor
165           The school years are known to be a critical period in the life course for shaping attitudes
166 ity induced by pure tone exposure during the critical period in the primary auditory cortex.
167 xamine neurochemistry in children during the critical period in which the neurocircuits that support
168                Identifying and understanding critical periods in brain development is essential to de
169 issions (DPOAEs), and to further clarify the critical periods in development where cochlear status ma
170               New research on plasticity and critical periods in development, increasing understandin
171     Experience shapes neural circuits during critical periods in early life.
172 es, can impair ability to autoresuscitate at critical periods in postnatal development and that basel
173  through mechanisms typical of developmental critical periods, including the expression switch of the
174 ge of isotonic intravenous saline during the critical period increased from 57% to 90% in adult patie
175 is study, their accumulation relative to the critical period indicates that they may contribute to th
176 properties in cortical regions that underlie critical periods influence the onset and duration of win
177 lasticity and synaptic refinement during the critical period is altered in the cortex of fragile X mi
178 The formation of imprinted memories during a critical period is crucial for vital behaviors, includin
179 racteristic of bs seizure models, during the critical period is sufficient to suppress seizure.
180                                The timing of critical periods is regulated by both genetics and the e
181 t evidence to suggest that learning during a critical period may be important for how animals respond
182  Understanding how plasticity is confined to critical periods may provide clues how to better treat a
183                                Following the critical period NMDA receptor function was unaffected by
184 ns of inhibition can alter the timing of the critical period, none have demonstrated the creation of
185 KO mice undergo accelerated death during the critical period of 2-3 wk around their birth and exhibit
186 nal WldS expression postaxotomy, we reveal a critical period of 4-5 h postinjury during which the cou
187                                   During the critical period of a few weeks after birth when newborn
188 er (MDD) often emerges during adolescence, a critical period of brain development.
189 rly pharmacological treatment to target this critical period of brain development.
190 l exposure to solvents before first birth, a critical period of breast tissue differentiation, may re
191                                We identify a critical period of cellular developmental during which n
192                                   During the critical period of commitment around 24 to 30 h poststar
193 lated proteolysis both before and during the critical period of commitment to sporulation.
194 ity of interneurons in Fmr1 KO mice during a critical period of cortical development.
195 nces that lead to hospitalization-during the critical period of development of the first 2 years of l
196                                    AeYA is a critical period of development, and cancer during this p
197 itatory afferent input for survival during a critical period of development.
198 e incubation temperature of the egg during a critical period of development.
199 , including: (1) a vulnerable neonate; (2) a critical period of development; (3) evidence of hypoxia;
200 tion and atmospheric oxygenation during this critical period of Earth history.
201                  In this study we describe a critical period of embryonic development in Drosophila d
202 ulation (stage 8-12.5) was identified as the critical period of exposure leading to left-right (LR) p
203                                We define the critical period of GR intervention as the first 1-week p
204 rom the dam for three hours per day during a critical period of hippocampal development (PNDs 2-14).
205 xpression and function is altered during the critical period of hippocampal development.
206 napses and raise the possibility of an early critical period of hippocampal plasticity that may ultim
207 death and, in particular, the existence of a critical period of increased risk.
208 naptic connectivity during the developmental critical period of neural circuit optimization for senso
209                          Here, we identify a critical period of olfactory sensory axon targeting duri
210 y impacts the thyrotrope population during a critical period of pituitary development and may have lo
211  mouse visual cortex before the onset of the critical period of plasticity [postnatal day 5 (P5)], at
212 ggest that ongoing mGluR5 signaling during a critical period of postnatal development establishes the
213 males exposed to excessive androgen during a critical period of prenatal development.
214                                            A critical period of respiratory development occurs in rat
215 and MCs exhibit correlated activity during a critical period of retinal maturation that is enabled by
216 r LTP and silent synapse activation during a critical period of synapse development.
217 ce supporting the idea that adolescence is a critical period of the development that is vulnerable to
218                           Indeed, there is a critical period of time when all communications are lost
219 nement of neural circuit connectivity during critical periods of brain development is essential for o
220 n development, coinciding with the ending of critical periods of brain development.
221 re easily be breached by inflammation during critical periods of brain development.
222  to play an important role in the opening of critical periods of brain plasticity.
223 ese findings support the idea that disrupted critical periods of dendritic growth and spine plasticit
224          Exposure to distinct stimuli during critical periods of development can affect behavior long
225                    Exposure to stress during critical periods of development can have adverse effects
226                       Is visual input during critical periods of development crucial for the emergenc
227                                       During critical periods of development early in life, excessive
228                         Drug exposure during critical periods of development is known to have lasting
229 oreover, ELS may further accelerate or delay critical periods of development, which reflect GABA circ
230 osed to potentially harmful chemicals during critical periods of development.
231 ral circuits are shaped by experience during critical periods of development.
232 inhibitory synapse protein expression during critical periods of early postnatal development that cou
233 on and other environmental influences during critical periods of embryonic, fetal, and early postnata
234  of experimentation, the mechanisms by which critical periods of enhanced synaptic plasticity are ini
235 ing inhibitory interneurons normally defines critical periods of experience-dependent cortical plasti
236 intrauterine perfluorocarbon exposure during critical periods of fetal development is urgently needed
237 nal circuits are shaped by experience during critical periods of heightened plasticity.
238 ain injury survivors, by taking advantage of critical periods of high plasticity during childhood, sh
239  no longer result in reward, but only during critical periods of learning.
240 ribute to the acute defense potential during critical periods of migration-based DC absence.
241         Visual plasticity peaks during early critical periods of normal visual development.
242               Synaptic rearrangements during critical periods of postnatal brain development rely on
243 , such as introducing a means of identifying critical periods of risk for mental state deterioration.
244 regarding cumulative impacts during specific critical periods of the life course.
245 s are thought to play a key role during the "critical period" of brain development, the nature and ti
246       Hjort (1914) famously attributed this "critical period" of low survival to the larvae's inabili
247 presentations during an early developmental "critical period" of plasticity.
248 tributed to everyday L2 use, irrespective of critical periods or the length of L2 learning.
249  We derive a behavioral model that reveals a critical period over which information about the food en
250  delayed circuit maturation with a prolonged critical period permissive for giant depolarizing potent
251 citation onto FS INs is a key determinant of critical period plasticity and is maintained at high lev
252 yonic inhibitory interneurons can reactivate critical period plasticity and reverse amblyopia in the
253 ns in the mouse primary visual cortex, where critical period plasticity drives binocular matching of
254                        In the visual system, critical period plasticity drives the establishment of b
255 This yields the first precise time course of critical period plasticity for an inhibitory circuit.
256 ation through dark exposure (DE) reactivates critical period plasticity in adults.
257 rs independently from NE, NE is required for critical period plasticity in auditory cortex.
258 loped a transplantation method to reactivate critical period plasticity in the adult visual cortex.
259 t circadian clock genes control the onset of critical period plasticity in the neocortex.
260 n the visual system, the normal unfolding of critical period plasticity is strongly dependent on the
261 in-positive cells and examined the impact on critical period plasticity using the visual system as a
262 ortex led us to re-examine the role of NE in critical period plasticity.
263 ovel mechanisms involved in both induced and critical period plasticity.
264 ynapse maturation influences the duration of critical-period plasticity windows.
265 al conditions experienced during a short but critical period play a central role in the demography of
266 cular deprivation (MD) during the adolescent critical period produces marked enhancement of GABAergic
267            Disruption of experience during a critical period produces neurons that lack specificity f
268 hanisms that shape synapse development alter critical-period properties.
269 n the visual cortex after the closure of the critical period reinstated silent synapses, resulting in
270                       At the end of cortical critical period, response properties of GABA transform i
271 ynapses, and its absence before the onset of critical periods resulted in lifelong juvenile ocular do
272                       Experiences during the critical period sculpt the circuitry within the neocorte
273 ession rescued the precocious opening of the critical period, suggesting its major role in MECP2-medi
274 However, the molecular mechanisms underlying critical period synaptic plasticity are unclear.
275  Here, we describe, in mice, a developmental critical period that affects plasticity itself.
276 the consequences of MD likewise adheres to a critical period that ends by about 3 months of age, afte
277  that the resolution phase of infection is a critical period that influences the quality and function
278 nhibitory cell transplantation creates a new critical period that restores visual perception after ch
279 e visual system is restricted to a so-called critical period that, for cats, peaks at about one postn
280                       During a developmental critical period, the most dramatic consequence of occlud
281                           In mice before the critical period, the thalamic input is already slightly
282              Despite the recognition of this critical period, there have been few evaluations of the
283 the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB4 determine critical period timing by controlling the strength of ex
284 at the hippocampus undergoes a developmental critical period to become functionally competent.
285  impaired by deprivation during the juvenile critical period, transplantation also recovers both visu
286 f NRG1/ErbB4 in regulating the initiation of critical period visual cortical plasticity.
287     Taken together, our results suggest that critical period visual experience induces global changes
288 sual deprivation, we examined the effects of critical period visual experience on the development of
289                                   This early critical period was revealed by the temporally controlle
290 l knock-in of wild-type ephrin-B3 during the critical period when axon targeting and fear responses a
291                             Infancy may be a critical period when environmental factors exert a lasti
292 f the rat around postnatal days (P) 12-13, a critical period when the hypoxic ventilatory response is
293 is relationship may help clinicians identify critical periods when patients are at highest risk.
294  disruption of these events, during specific critical periods when they exert maximal influence, may
295                         Early life may be a "critical period" when appetite and regulation of energy
296  synaptic remodeling occurs during early-use critical periods, when naive juveniles experience sensor
297  a brief interval of plasticity, termed the "critical period," when the circuitry of primary visual c
298 s a "lower PV network configuration" in both critical-period wild-type mice and adult ngr1(-/-) mice.
299 life beginning shortly after the peak of the critical period, with the highest levels measured in adu
300 Plasticity and recovery are induced when the critical period would have occurred in the donor animal.

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