ライフサイエンスコーパス: cross-resistance

1 ed to select for more generalist resistance (cross-resistance).

2 ated response of the two products indicating cross resistance.

3 ons associated with zidovudine vs. tenofovir cross-resistance.

4 nction was linked to melarsoprol-pentamidine cross-resistance.

5 ier, viral fitness, mechanism of action, and cross-resistance.

6 glyceroporins in pentamidine and melarsoprol cross-resistance.

7 fell outside of the ECV were used to assess cross-resistance.

8 efovir on development of drug resistance and cross-resistance.

9 mprenavir, respectively, with no evidence of cross-resistance.

10 sponding D-2'-Fd4 nucleosides showed limited cross-resistance.

11 ated that the two drugs have a degree of non-cross-resistance.

12 that this transporter is not involved in MTX cross-resistance.

13 gs are consistent with common definitions of cross-resistance.

14 ug, we profiled many single-step mutants for cross-resistance.

15 deal assumptions about redundant killing and cross-resistance.

16 ine tuberculosis drugs, indicating a lack of cross-resistance.

17 Cross-resistance (3-186-fold) was observed to other tubu

18 ics, which accounts for the pervasiveness of cross-resistance across multiple drugs.

19 Cross-resistance after first-line antiretroviral therapy

20 Absence of cross resistance against bedaquiline resistant mutants s

21 novel mode of action will be needed to avoid cross resistance against currently used therapeutic agen

22 This series demonstrates no cross-resistance against a panel of Pf strains with muta

23 isition of drug resistance and the degree of cross-resistance against common resistance alleles.

24 brate immunity, we test for the existence of cross-resistance against parasites and pathogens, at bot

25 ssment of the mechanism of unique, broad RSV cross-resistance against structurally distinct entry inh

26 their ability to overcome the high degree of cross-resistance already existing in weed populations.

27 is of the herbicide resistance mutations and cross resistance among the herbicides, as well as for th

28 nical isolates, we characterized patterns of cross-resistance among all NRTIs.

29 e structure of their variable parts explains cross-resistance among and between the three classes of

30 se prompted us to determine the frequency of cross-resistance among bloodstream Candida isolates coll

31 s revealed resistance to eCry3.1Ab maize and cross-resistance among Cry3Bb1, mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab.

32 data exist to describe in vitro patterns of cross-resistance among large collections of clinical Asp

33 However, cross-resistance among PIs due to a wide spectrum of mut

34 60 years ago and remains the only example of cross-resistance among sleeping sickness therapies.

35 s, epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs), and cross-resistance among the azoles.

36 different rpoB Rif(r) mutants and a complete cross-resistance among the different rifamycin derivativ

37 er insight into mechanisms of resistance and cross-resistance among these agents and suggest that the

38 Furthermore, we find that cross-resistance and antagonism between toxins used in p

39 bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, to evaluate cross-resistance and interactions between two toxins in

40 ow this propensity for resistance depends on cross-resistance and on epistatic interactions-ranging f

41 tory isolates show that Pcv(r) mutants share cross-resistance and only limited sequence similarity wi

42 In view of the frequency of cross-resistance and overlapping toxicities noted with m

43 Therefore, immunotherapy without cross-resistance and overlapping toxicity has been propo

44 with important implications for insecticide cross-resistance and selective toxicity between insects

45 ibit the ability of cyclosporin A to reverse cross-resistance and to block labeling of the protein by

46 e frequencies of resistance to single drugs, cross-resistance, and epistasis combine to determine the

47 ccordingly, GE and rifamycins do not exhibit cross-resistance, and GE and a rifamycin can bind simult

48 ns with limited potential for field-relevant cross-resistance are used in combination, along with non

49 is is unique evidence in a disease vector of cross-resistance associated with a single metabolic gene

50 Partial non-cross resistance between nonsteroidal (letrozole and ana

51 This suggests that cross-resistance between A-315675- and oseltamivir carbo

52 e the extent of resistance to each agent and cross-resistance between agents.

53 the potential for resistance development and cross-resistance between different agents from this clas

54 The present study addresses the issue of cross-resistance between fluconazole and ravuconazole an

55 Cross-resistance between fluconazole and ravuconazole ap

56 Cross-resistance between itraconazole and posaconazole w

57 was seen for 53.5% of the isolates, whereas cross-resistance between itraconazole and voriconazole w

58 exhibits considerable clinically significant cross-resistance between older azole drugs (fluconazole

59 amphenicol, and sparsomycin revealed partial cross-resistance between oxazolidinones and chlorampheni

60 se inhibitor, AG1478, it was found that this cross-resistance between sequential administration of ra

61 ferences (P >0.28 for each) in the change in cross-resistance between the groups for doxycycline and

62 Cross-resistance between these toxins was presumed unlik

63 s found resistance to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A and cross-resistance between these toxins.

64 refore were able to assess the degree of non-cross-resistance between these two compounds.

65 l evidence at the viral and enzyme level for cross-resistance between zidovudine and stavudine, and t

66 Cross-resistance between zidovudine, stavudine, and lami

67 We examined the potential for cross-resistance by using measures of correlation overal

68 Cross-resistance can be positive, when a resistance mech

69 binations, particularly combinations without cross-resistance, can delay or prevent the emergence of

70 tations provide a greater level of inhibitor cross-resistance combined with active site mutation D30N

71 r how the findings reveal ambiguities in the cross-resistance concept, as subtle differences in adapt

72 The cross-resistance conferred by substitution of Ala(156) w

73 r filariasis elimination without concern for cross-resistance development in tuberculosis.

74 tributed to a collateral sensitivity whereby cross-resistance due to the duplicated pump proves insuf

75 No cross-resistance exists between the 2'-F-2'-C-methylguan

76 rs of other cell signaling pathways in which cross-resistance has been observed.

77 ffer for different mutation subsets and that cross-resistance has been underestimated.

78 rol demethylase) gene, and patterns of azole cross-resistance have been linked to specific mutations.

79 of MMDX abolished the parent drug's residual cross-resistance in a doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cell l

80 Here we have examined MTX cross-resistance in a human breast carcinoma cell line (

81 ABCC1) in the emergence of mitoxantrone (MX) cross-resistance in a MCF7 breast cancer cell line selec

82 ile comparable with artemisinin (1), with no cross-resistance in a resistant strains panel and a pote

83 apoptosis might cause extensive therapeutic cross-resistance in cancer cells.

84 Furthermore, NSC 725776 and NSC 724998 show cross-resistance in cells deficient or silenced for Top1

85 Incorporating the potential effects of such cross-resistance in resistance management plans may help

86 atin-resistant cell lines and a low level of cross-resistance in the P-glycoprotein overexpressing ac

87 ne panel of 0.31 microM, with no significant cross-resistance in two acquired cisplatin-resistant cel

88 tors antimycin and funiculosin showed little cross-resistance, indicating different modes of binding

89 ation genetics perspective, whether negative cross-resistance is feasible in the control of an insect

90 Thus, cross-resistance is limited to T315I, which is also the

91 nd that the probability of receptor-mediated cross-resistance is low.

92 nd may cause problems for compounds to which cross-resistance is observed, such as the novel fipronil

93 action that raises concerns about potential cross-resistance liabilities.

94 nanomolar parasite activity, with little CQ cross-resistance, low cytotoxicity, and high in vitro mi

95 dels, patient-to-patient variability and low cross-resistance make independent action the dominant me

96 in advanced stages of development for which cross-resistance might be an issue.

97 However, concerns about toxicity and cross-resistance motivated a search for regimens that do

98 Although melarsoprol/pentamidine cross-resistance (MPXR) has been an area of intense inte

99 oside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) cross-resistance mutations (26% vs 13%, P = .23).

100 Both cross-resistance mutations (A156V and A156T) displayed s

101 in a unique pattern of drug-resistance (and cross-resistance) mutations.

102 Negative cross-resistance (NCR) occurs when a mutant allele confe

103 Negative cross-resistance (NCR) toxins that hitherto have not bee

104 Including toxins against which no cross-resistance occurs and integrating Bt cotton with o

105 lts here and previous evidence indicate that cross-resistance occurs between Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in som

106 minister therapies, and establishing whether cross-resistance occurs between therapies.

107 lines with defined mechanisms indicated that cross-resistance of 3a was much lower than that of MTX.

108 on of a single chemotherapeutic agent causes cross-resistance of cancer cells to a variety of therapi

109 According to the molecular modeling studies, cross-resistance of D-3'-F-C-d4G (35) to M184V mutant ma

110 d the side chain of Val184 could explain the cross-resistance of L-2'F-C-d4A with the M184V mutant.

111 drug-resistance mechanism explains the broad cross-resistance of Lys103Asn mutant HIV-1 RT to differe

112 dulators dramatically altered the pattern of cross-resistance of P-gp-expressing cells to different P

113 Indeed, the average cross-resistance of single-step mutants can help predict

114 The data suggest little cross-resistance of taccalonolide A as compared with Tax

115 ilarity in mode of action, and the invariant cross-resistance of TK-negative mutants argue that the m

116 clusion was further supported by the limited cross-resistance of top1-deficient murine leukemia P388/

117 coprotein (P-gp) is frequently implicated in cross-resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs.

118 nts with HIV, but evidence for the effect of cross-resistance on virological outcomes is limited.

119 We found no positive cross-resistance or trade-offs in the resistance to para

120 ted settings, it is critical to identify the cross-resistance patterns associated with first-line sta

121 efficients showed that, within a drug class, cross-resistance patterns differ for different mutation

122 independently capable of conferring the same cross-resistance phenotype.

123 efflux pump may be involved in this unusual cross-resistance phenotype.

124 n analogues in order to address the emerging cross-resistance problems.

125 studies explain the potency, mechanism, and cross-resistance profile of ETV against HBV and account

126 st-specific ECL changes demonstrate a narrow cross-resistance profile.

127 lies on few major genes, each with different cross-resistance properties, conferring host resistance

128 To avoid cross-resistance, recent guidelines recommend that patie

129 Negative cross-resistance refers to a situation in which an insec

130 The robust cross-resistance reported has important implications for

131 tions, with novel mode of action and lack of cross-resistance, representing a class with great potent

132 This is important since it will influence cross-resistance risks between the different classes.

133 Thus, the asymmetrical cross-resistance seen here does not threaten the efficac

134 ome of the potential limitations of negative cross-resistance strategies.

135 Cross-resistance studies suggest that, compared with wil

136 lize ER subcellular localization, as well as cross-resistance studies to determine second-line inhibi

137 i-antibiotic resistance (studies 3 and 4) or cross-resistance (studies 2 and 3) at any timepoint.

138 nts present on the same genetic element) and cross-resistance (the same genetic determinant responsib

139 nt implications for zidovudine and tenofovir cross-resistance, the primary candidates for replacing s

140 detected in the plasma, and when conferring cross-resistance they can compromise the efficacy of nov

141 The evolution of resistance and cross-resistance threaten the sustainability of genetica

142 ate auxins such as picloram, yet had minimal cross-resistance to 2,4-D or IAA.

143 oside triphosphate complex, which causes the cross-resistance to 3TC (M184V mutant).

144 F-4'Sd4C 34 and L-3'F-4'Sd4FC 35 showed high cross-resistance to 3TC-resistant mutant (M184V) RT.

145 Despite the cross-resistance to 5-FU, more than 90% tumor reduction

146 e 17 (beta-l-2'-F-4'-S-d4C), however, showed cross-resistance to a 3TC-resistant variant (HIV-1(M184V

147 particular concern are mutations that cause cross-resistance to a particular class of drugs.

148 deletion, is sufficient to cause significant cross-resistance to a wide range of nitroheterocyclic dr

149 um populations exhibited diverse patterns of cross-resistance to ACCase and ALS-inhibiting herbicides

150 were not cross-resistant with cisplatin, and cross-resistance to Adriamycin was circumvented by repla

151 educed ATPase activity, was shown to exhibit cross-resistance to all ATP-sensitive but not ATP-insens

152 onnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI), exhibited cross-resistance to all of the presently available NNRTI

153 r resistant cell lines displayed significant cross-resistance to all other ALK inhibitors.

154 ere unequivocally associated with high-level cross-resistance to AMK and KAN in all three conventiona

155 These three alleles mediated cross-resistance to amodiaquine, an antimalarial drug wi

156 We evaluated the cross-resistance to amprenavir of viruses that evolved d

157 stant virus showed VCV-enhanced replication, cross-resistance to another CCR5 antagonist, TAK779, and

158 al enemy will be influenced by the degree of cross-resistance to another natural enemy.

159 c form of MAPK inhibitor resistance mediates cross-resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.

160 ral clusters containing mutations conferring cross-resistance to antiretroviral drugs prescribed toda

161 lly relevant Bcr-Abl mutants does not induce cross-resistance to As2O3 or decitabine.

162 if there are no single mutations that cause cross-resistance to both drugs; in patients with large d

163 The E. coli flo gene specifies nonenzymatic cross-resistance to both florfenicol and chloramphenicol

164 Both pathways conferred cross-resistance to both peptides.

165 ers low-level resistance to mericitabine and cross-resistance to both sofosbuvir and GS-938.

166 vudine-resistant isolate exhibited low-level cross-resistance to both stavudine and lamivudine in dru

167 ced levels of INH resistance, in addition to cross-resistance to both TLM and TRC.

168 esistance, this H. virescens strain exhibits cross-resistance to Bt toxins that differ significantly

169 ) and ABC (OCI-LY10) cells exhibited partial cross-resistance to CFZ.

170 Resistance to I-BET confers cross-resistance to chemically distinct BET inhibitors s

171 ol]dichloridoplatinum(II) possessed only low cross-resistance to cisplatin and were up to 10-fold mor

172 Finally, no cross-resistance to clemizole of SCH503034-resistant mut

173 iple-herbicide-resistant E. phyllopogon with cross-resistance to clomazone through enhanced herbicide

174 ctive against clinical Mtb strains, while no cross-resistance to conventional antituberculosis drugs

175 The RC0.1 and RC1 cells have high cross-resistance to CPT derivatives including SN-38 and

176 w and inexpensive antimalarial drugs with no cross-resistance to CQ or CNS toxicity are urgently need

177 high activity in vitro and in vivo, with no cross-resistance to CQ, and none were toxic in mice up t

178 k bollworm with Cry2Ab caused up to 420-fold cross-resistance to Cry1Ac as well as 240-fold resistanc

179 ed 5.6-fold resistance to Cry2Ab and 61-fold cross-resistance to Cry1Ac.

180 ry selection with Cry1Ac caused little or no cross-resistance to Cry2A toxins in pink bollworm (Pecti

181 Results showing minor cross-resistance to Cry2Ab caused by selection with Cry1

182 1000-fold resistance to Cry1Ac and 6.8-fold cross-resistance to Cry2Ab.

183 stance to DDP was found to be accompanied by cross-resistance to Cu.

184 o the acquired resistance to gemcitabine and cross-resistance to cytarabine.

185 The isolate showed low-level cross-resistance to darunavir, atazanavir, lopinavir, an

186 simultaneously possess intrinsic or acquired cross-resistance to diverse chemotherapeutic agents, ham

187 B1 expression, which therefore increased the cross-resistance to doxorubicin and paclitaxel.

188 Cross-resistance to each type of IR was observed, but re

189 irapine and delavirdine as well as low level cross-resistance to efavirenz.

190 It also confers cross-resistance to elvitegravir but less to G-quadradup

191 sed resistance to RPV and 4-8-fold increased cross-resistance to etravirine, nevirapine, and efaviren

192 The compounds did not display any cross-resistance to existing diamidine therapies, such a

193 h a unique mechanism of action conferring no cross-resistance to existing public health insecticides.

194 ated many Notch1 target genes, and exhibited cross-resistance to gamma-secretase inhibitors.

195 sm of ClO2 and did not result in significant cross-resistance to genome-damaging disinfectants.

196 ng a RibD overexpression mutation displaying cross-resistance to genuine DHFR inhibitors.

197 the selecting HR1 peptide but also conferred cross-resistance to HR2 peptide fusion inhibitors and en

198 sing the MDR protein MDR1 (ABCB1B) showed no cross-resistance to hSGZ.

199 e to inactivation at 50 degrees C as well as cross-resistance to inactivation at pH 3; however, growt

200 It does not exhibit cross-resistance to key antibiotic resistant strains tes

201 defects, attenuated catalysis in vitro, and cross-resistance to l-chicoric acid.

202 In addition we found cross-resistance to melphalan and doxorubicin in 8226/S-

203 The hallmark of multidrug resistance is cross-resistance to multiple structurally unrelated comp

204 type (overexpression of P-gp associated with cross-resistance to natural product drugs), whereas the

205 nzyme that confer CPT resistance also confer cross-resistance to NB-506.

206 nsitivity to the plant alkaloid nicotine and cross-resistance to neonicotinoids a class of synthetic

207 s performed to determine the significance of cross-resistance to new azole drugs among C. glabrata is

208 the most potent analogue showed very limited cross-resistance to nifurtimox-resistant cells and vice

209 entration (MIC) levels (studies 1 and 2); 2) cross-resistance to non-tetracycline antibiotics (studie

210 by AZT and confer greater AZT resistance and cross-resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors in combinat

211 and the majority of these (20 of 36) showed cross-resistance to one or more agents.

212 There was no cross-resistance to OSU-03012 in these mutant cells with

213 R5 antagonist is often associated with broad cross-resistance to other agents, these viruses remained

214 tly, G179E BAX mutation also induced partial cross-resistance to other antineoplastic drugs.

215 C. albicans from HIV-infected children, that cross-resistance to other azoles may develop concomitant

216 there was a significant risk (P < 0.001) of cross-resistance to other azoles: fluconazole, > or = 8

217 Our approach can be applied to reverse cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutic drugs and res

218 ulosis selected with one drug do not acquire cross-resistance to other classes of drugs.

219 renders them ineffective and often produces cross-resistance to other drugs.

220 that it is not myelosuppressive and it lacks cross-resistance to other drugs.

221 ch as R155K and A156T/V, result in extensive cross-resistance to other HCV PIs.

222 tion can lead to apoptosis resistance and to cross-resistance to other inducers of apoptosis such as

223 nique mode of action, platensimycin shows no cross-resistance to other key antibiotic-resistant strai

224 retain catalytic activity and do not display cross-resistance to other Mps1 inhibitors, have been des

225 ng mutations in TcNTR-1 were associated with cross-resistance to other nitroheterocyclic drugs.

226 sofosbuvir, with increased fitness and with cross-resistance to other NS5B inhibitors.

227 d4T-selected mutants with K65R but detected cross-resistance to other nucleoside RT inhibitors.

228 The lack of any cross-resistance to parasites and pathogens, at both the

229 rsoprol-resistant trypanosomes often display cross-resistance to pentamidine.

230 EK1(Q56P), which disrupts helix A, conferred cross-resistance to PLX4720, a selective B-RAF inhibitor

231 (90), 0.12 microg/ml) and exhibited variable cross-resistance to posaconazole, ravuconazole, and vori

232 ent mechanisms of action, and lack of CPT-11 cross-resistance to previous FUra/LV treatment.

233 oultry selects for Enterococcus faecium with cross-resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin, a drug fo

234 contrast, the S282T mutation did not confer cross-resistance to R1479.

235 Furthermore, MEHD7945A also limited cross-resistance to radiation in EGFR inhibitor-resistan

236 ciated consistently with the loss of p53 and cross-resistance to radiation.

237 e 1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitor, has limited cross-resistance to raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir i

238 ntegration activity of Q148H showed a higher cross-resistance to raltegravir than observed with N155H

239 cid substitution (N56D) in L22 and exhibited cross-resistance to ribosome-targeting agents.

240 of disease-progressive melanomas, suggesting cross-resistance to salvage anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherap

241 overexpression is a critical determinant for cross-resistance to standard therapies, whereas topoisom

242 he human DNA mismatch repair pathway confers cross-resistance to structurally unrelated anticancer dr

243 ables a significant insight into therapeutic cross-resistance to taxane chemotherapy and androgen dep

244 the TOP1 mutant DC3F/C10 cells demonstrated cross-resistance to the cytotoxicity of F7 and the induc

245 g resistance to ruxolitinib (INCB018424) and cross-resistance to the JAK2 inhibitors AZD1480, CYT-387

246 ide chain of Val184 explains its significant cross-resistance to the M184V mutant.

247 ion for resistance to 1 toxin does not cause cross-resistance to the other toxin.

248 been exposed to trivalent arsenic results in cross-resistance to the related metalloid antimony, pres

249 hin the alleged fusion peptide and displayed cross-resistance to these compounds, indicating that the

250 Cross-resistance to these drugs was first observed over

251 to both RAL and EVG, and there is extensive cross-resistance to these two drugs.

252 Cross-resistance to these two phages was very high, inde

253 These isolates showed broad cross-resistance to thiocarbonyl containing drugs includ

254 es of lepidopteran pests indicates that some cross-resistance typically occurs between Cry1A and Cry2

255 We assess cross-resistance using a set of 15 parasite lines carryi

256 del suggests the possibility of evolution of cross resistance via alteration of HevCaLP.

257 Cross-resistance was also limited for J-109,382, an isom

258 However, no resistance or cross-resistance was detected for Cry34/35Ab1 maize.

259 In contrast, little or no cross-resistance was found in the MCF7/AdVp1000 and S1-M

260 Cross-resistance was found with other ansamycin benzoqui

261 Significant cross-resistance was observed among all NRTIs and was mo

262 Furthermore, limited cross-resistance was observed in camptothecin-resistant

263 Cross-resistance was observed to Vinca alkaloids, includ

264 tween oxazolidinones and chloramphenicol; no cross-resistance was observed with sparsomycin, a known

265 to Cry3Bb1 maize and mCry3A maize, and that cross-resistance was present between these two types of

266 Our results suggest a model of CCR5 cross-resistance whereby viruses that predominantly util

267 ive, cancer treatments that do not cause the cross-resistance which occurs with currently available c

268 e to its potential for high specificity, non-cross resistance with conventional therapies, and promis

269 In vitro studies demonstrated a lack of cross resistance with existing tuberculosis therapeutics

270 agents that are impacted by target-mediated cross resistance with fluoroquinolones.

271 g pocket in MreB and demonstrate significant cross-resistance with A22, a structurally unrelated comp

272 (AVI) target the ribosome and do not display cross-resistance with any other classes of antibiotics,

273 1H)-quinolones, focusing on the reduction of cross-resistance with atovaquone for activity against th

274 al properties while maintaining little to no cross-resistance with atovaquone.

275 Remarkably, they showed no cross-resistance with cisplatin itself and were proved t

276 molar concentrations and showed only partial cross-resistance with clinical cisplatin.

277 search for new compounds that do not exhibit cross-resistance with current therapies.

278 mechanisms that would be less likely to show cross-resistance with currently available drugs may hold

279 ations with similar potencies, suggesting no cross-resistance with either R1479 (4'-azidocytidine) or

280 drug targets and lead compounds exempt from cross-resistance with existing drugs are urgently needed

281 drug targets and lead compounds exempt from cross-resistance with existing drugs are urgently needed

282 rial activity and exhibit no target-mediated cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones.

283 nts that are not impacted by target-mediated cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones.

284 am-positive pathogens and no target-mediated cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones.

285 rial activity and exhibit no target-mediated cross-resistance with fluoroquinolones.

286 and 2' positions may account for the higher cross-resistance with lamivudine observed in the 2'-fluo

287 Importantly, PNU-286607 displays little cross-resistance with marketed antibacterial agents and

288 Finally, the resistant clones exhibit cross-resistance with oxaliplatin but not with ionising

289 ed with treatment failure frequently lead to cross-resistance with raltegravir (RAL).

290 y when co-administered with Rif, exhibits no cross-resistance with Rif, and exhibits a spontaneous re

291 ferent site on Mtb RNAP than Rif, exhibit no cross-resistance with Rif, function additively when co-a

292 A371V and Q509L also increased cross-resistance with TAMs to lamivudine and abacavir, b

293 e's mitochondrial bc(1) complex, with little cross-resistance with the antimalarial drug atovaquone.

294 ites expressing variant forms of K13 show no cross-resistance with the C580Y mutation, the primary va

295 184V) were also examined, and no significant cross-resistance with the variants was observed with the

296 potency (IC(50) = 3-4 microM), suggesting no cross-resistance with trastuzumab.

297 Cross-resistance within a class of antimicrobial agents

298 numbers of mutation patterns associated with cross-resistance within each antiretroviral drug class.

299 an individual patient is sharply limited by cross-resistance within the 3 drug classes.

300 loss of a single NTR allele confers similar cross-resistance without affecting growth rate or the ab