ライフサイエンスコーパス: crossing over

1 and cytoplasm, in homolog juxtaposition and crossing over.

2 outermost chromosomal regions show increased crossing over.

3 models of linked selection in regions of low crossing over.

4 separable from the "implementation" of that crossing over.

5 nts that have expanded presumably by unequal crossing over.

6 e correlations, the latter in regions of low crossing over.

7 in facilitating mismatch repair and meiotic crossing over.

8 with respect to meiotic spore viability and crossing over.

9 s chromosome is a locus required for meiotic crossing over.

10 a males, homologs pair and segregate without crossing over.

11 not find any role for MUS81-MMS4 in meiotic crossing over.

12 isplay reduced spore viability and increased crossing over.

13 ecome crossovers or to the actual process of crossing over.

14 the two X chromosomes had failed to undergo crossing over.

15 that the increased PSSC is due to increased crossing over.

16 is often associated with centromere-proximal crossing over.

17 ke cleavage of Holliday junctions to explain crossing over.

18 n but 20- to 100-fold reduced frequencies of crossing over.

19 bably play an important role in regions with crossing over.

20 iates and influences their resolution toward crossing over.

21 tic gene conversion tracts and a decrease in crossing over.

22 of meiotic double-Holliday junctions without crossing over.

23 that it also has a late role in implementing crossing over.

24 ndicating a structural role for Mlh1p during crossing over.

25 eiotic mismatch repair as well as in meiotic crossing over.

26 meiotic recombination, resulting in unequal crossing over.

27 ein occurred in germ cells following meiotic crossing over.

28 vidence that Ercc1 was essential for meiotic crossing over.

29 is a DNA helicase that functions in meiotic crossing over.

30 tiple different pairing partners showed 1-7% crossing over.

31 0 indicates that it is a limiting factor for crossing over.

32 sitively correlated with the meiotic rate of crossing over.

33 , but it is required for wild-type levels of crossing over.

34 n protein, necessary for strand invasion and crossing over.

35 nsity correlates negatively with the rate of crossing over.

36 tions, since this species has a high rate of crossing over.

37 he erosive forces that attend the absence of crossing over.

38 mplying significantly increased interhomolog crossing over.

39 synapsed pachytene chromosomes and a lack of crossing over.

40 this was not due to a defect in HDR-mediated crossing over.

41 oncerted evolution by the process of unequal crossing over.

42 was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over.

43 helicases-Srs2 and Sgs1-that also attenuate crossing over.

44 g two chromatids, one of which has undergone crossing over.

45 hromosome synapsis initiates at the sites of crossing over.

46 onal interactions, respectively, to regulate crossing over.

47 and biases the recombination outcome toward crossing over.

48 ciency but also the likelihood of associated crossing-over.

49 nts multichromatid JMs and counterproductive crossing-over.

50 ncy while minimizing the risk of deleterious crossing-over.

51 nts that undergo increased levels of unequal crossing-over.

52 slippage during DNA replication and unequal crossing-over.

53 s involves gene conversion unassociated with crossing-over.

54 ring meiosis requires pairing, synapsis, and crossing-over.

55 synapsis is a necessary precursor to ectopic crossing-over.

56 le mutants displayed the largest decrease in crossing over (13- to 15-fold) of all mutant combination

57 Delta mutants displayed smaller decreases in crossing over (4- to 6-fold); however, spore viability (

58 some 21 much better than do models including crossing over alone.

59 RN maps represent an independent measure of crossing over along maize bivalents.

60 nded antiparallel beta-sheet stabilized by a crossing-over alpha-helix.

61 anisms, gene functions that are essential to crossing-over also facilitate the intimate chromosome pa

62 itutions can alter the mechanisms of unequal crossing-over, altering the way concerted evolution occu

63 between homologs in meiosis is essential for crossing over and chromosome segregation [1-4].

64 Increases of 40- to 50-fold in crossing over and flanking deletions also were seen.

65 y paradoxical observations regarding meiotic crossing over and gene conversion are readily resolved i

66 producing organisms and its different forms, crossing over and gene conversion both play an important

67 results indicate that models including both crossing over and gene conversion fit the overall short-

68 This mutant has levels of crossing over and gene conversion substantially higher t

69 ualizing the salient results from studies of crossing over and gene conversion, the molecular structu

70 ir of DNA double-strand break precursors via crossing over and gene conversion.

71 several genetic mechanisms including unequal crossing over and gene conversion.

72 Recombination occurs through both homologous crossing over and homologous gene conversion during meio

73 ed as a result of repeated events of unequal crossing over and pericentric inversions during chromoso

74 t allowed nearly wild-type levels of meiotic crossing over and spore viability.

75 Strong mei-P22 mutations eliminate meiotic crossing over and suppress the sterility of DSB repair-d

76 Y chromosome evolution, including suppressed crossing over and the accumulation of repetitive DNA.

77 the two haploid nuclei, followed by mitotic crossing over and vegetative haploidization.

78 however, is evolving rapidly due to unequal crossing over and/or gene conversion.

79 ntroduce a new method for jointly estimating crossing-over and gene conversion rates using sequence p

80 late evolutionary processes, such as unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, are known to occur wi

81 scribe a novel method for jointly estimating crossing-over and gene-conversion rates from population

82 e-strand break (DSB) repair is essential for crossing-over and viable gamete formation and requires r

83 emal complex, reduced bivalent formation and crossing over, and aneuploid gametes.

84 ragenic recombination was associated with 2% crossing over, and ectopic recombination between multipl

85 ciencies and the levels of gene conversions, crossing over, and mutations.

86 and breaks to later intermediates, decreased crossing over, and reduced crossover interference.

87 nd measured the patterns of gene conversion, crossing over, and targeted mutation.

88 on nodules (RNs) are closely correlated with crossing over, and, because they are observed by electro

89 Chromosomal inversions that suppress crossing over are also frequently associated with drive

90 Both gene conversion and unequal crossing over are attractive mechanisms to effect these

91 sible roles for the MER3 helicase in meiotic crossing over are discussed.

92 Whereas pairing, synapsis, and crossing over are eliminated when HIM-3 is absent, the h

93 ossibility that the zip1 and zip2 defects in crossing over are indirect, resulting from the failure t

94 Both gene conversion and crossing over are reduced and exhibit negative interfere

95 should exist where the beneficial effects of crossing-over are balanced by its harmful effects.

96 The beneficial effects of crossing-over are proportional to the frequency of recom

97 mal patterns of meiotic recombination (i.e., crossing-over) are believed to increase the risk of chro

98 su-s gene sequences while the local rates of crossing over as inferred by our program are not low.

99 formation, and propose a model using unequal crossing-over as the primary mechanism of array formatio

100 We also show that the proportion of crossing-over associated with DSB-induced ectopic recomb

101 We show 90-fold variation in rates of crossing over at a 5-kb scale, place this variation in t

102 d a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on a

103 ingle, double, and triple mutants on meiotic crossing over at four consecutive genetic intervals on c

104 ovide evidence to suggest that repression of crossing over at telomeres and centromeres arises from d

105 tonemal complex component Zip1 in repressing crossing over at the centromere.

106 mice lacking Mlh1 exhibit a 90% reduction in crossing over at the Psmb9 hot spot while noncrossovers,

107 , the adjacent euchromatic regions underwent crossing over at twice the average genomic rate and cont

108 instability, because it facilitates unequal crossing-over at the locus.

109 Here we use cytological maps of crossing over based on recombination nodules (RNs) to pr

110 milar to the distribution and frequencies of crossing over between 1A homologues.

111 e have developed an assay for intermolecular crossing over between circular plasmids carrying variabl

112 Crossing over between homologous chromosomes is initiate

113 Meiotic crossing over between homologous chromosomes within an i

114 Crossing over between homologs is initiated in meiotic p

115 Most eukaryotes rely on crossing over between homologs, and the resulting chiasm

116 ations are used to investigate the effect of crossing over between loci, and gene conversion between

117 e expression of incompatibility, in rates of crossing over between neutral markers and incompatibilit

118 physically connected prior to segregation by crossing over between nonsister chromatids.

119 c Y (idicY) chromosomes formed by homologous crossing over between opposing arms of palindromes on si

120 le-strand annealing mechanism than by simple crossing over between repeats; and (4) loss of function

121 se pathways can be alternatively resolved by crossing over between sister chromatids to form idicY ch

122 e long-tract events were not associated with crossing over between sister chromatids.

123 of Ph1, the distribution and frequencies of crossing over between the 1A and 1Am homoeologues were s

124 In African populations, unequal crossing over between the 3DL1 and 3DL2 genes produced a

125 an occur efficiently through unequal meiotic crossing over between the large duplications.

126 e duplicate in the sample and on the rate of crossing over between the two loci.

127 derivation of this haplotype invokes unequal crossing over between two known ancestral KIR haplotypes

128 Crossing-over between homologous chromosomes facilitates

129 Crossing-over between homologous chromosomes facilitates

130 and rejoining of the DNA molecules, or from crossing-over between repetitive DNA sequences, and they

131 ent events that likely resulted from unequal crossing-over between segmental duplications.

132 0 enzyme, CYP337B3, which arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes, resulting

133 that gene targeting does not occur by simple crossings-over between ends of the linearized transformi

134 Each bivalent has a unique distribution of crossing over, but all bivalents share a high frequency

135 Sgs1-dependent crossing over, but not JM resolution per se, also requir

136 idea that Exo1-catalyzed resection promotes crossing over by facilitating formation of crossover-spe

137 Thus, gene conversion and crossing over can be genetically separated, and Mus81 is

138 These data suggest that meiotic crossing over can occur in yeast through three distinct

139 The rate of meiotic crossing over (CO) varies considerably along chromosomes

140 ically observed in genomic regions of normal crossing over, consistent with what might be expected un

141 ene in oocytes that do undergo X chromosomal crossing over demonstrates that exchanges can alter hete

142 n c(2)M cause a reduced frequency of meiotic crossing over due, in part, to how recombination events

143 so find that unassisted Top3 does not affect crossing over during double strand break repair, which i

144 nsitivity to genotoxins and higher levels of crossing over during DSB repair than a fml1Delta strain.

145 Chromosomal rearrangements can result from crossing over during ectopic homologous recombination be

146 that any dimeric chromosomes, which arise by crossing over during homologous recombination, are conve

147 Eukaryotes possess mechanisms to limit crossing over during homologous recombination, thus avoi

148 ount of genetic variation observed is due to crossing over during meiosis (P. Kryger, personal commun

149 LH3, and MUS81-MMS4 complexes act to promote crossing over during meiosis.

150 mismatch repair and for wild-type levels of crossing over during meiosis.

151 sed to arise as a direct result of defective crossing over during meiotic recombination in prophase I

152 stalled/blocked replication forks and limits crossing over during mitotic double-strand break repair.

153 ed "dissolution." This process could prevent crossing over during repair of double-strand breaks.

154 Bloom's helicase (BLM) is thought to prevent crossing-over during DNA double-strand-break repair (DSB

155 visiae BLM ortholog, Sgs1, prevents aberrant crossing-over during meiosis by suppressing formation of

156 Brca1 is required for DNA-damage repair and crossing-over during spermatogenesis.

157 Crossing-over ensures accurate chromosome segregation du

158 qual genetic exchange during the non-allelic crossing over event giving rise to the inversion.

159 as used to estimate the frequency of unequal crossing-over events (6.3 x 10(-5) events per generation

160 drome/DiGeorge syndrome results from unequal crossing-over events between two 240-kb low-copy repeats

161 ed near the male-determining gene to monitor crossing-over events close to the boundary of the sex-de

162 s have identified specific hotspots in which crossing-over events cluster.

163 GGTLA, consistent with Alu-mediated unequal crossing-over events.

164 biquitin-C gene in rodents is due to unequal crossing-over events.

165 sions, those gene conversions accompanied by crossing over exerted interference in exchanges in an ad

166 Subtelomeric sequences underwent very little crossing over, exhibiting approximately two- to threefol

167 Consequently, recombination is impeded, and crossing over fails.

168 e chromosome I homologues and an estimate of crossing-over frequency during genetic exchange.

169 tchhiking' effects in the absence of meiotic crossing over, frequent ectopic recombination within the

170 We show that mouse RNF212 is essential for crossing-over, functioning to couple chromosome synapsis

171 of molecular genetic events, such as unequal crossing over, gene conversion and crossover asymmetry,

172 rlo (MCMC) method for jointly estimating the crossing-over, gene-conversion, and mean tract length pa

173 with normal spermatogenesis, intrachromatid crossing-over generated pericentric inversions.

174 plication of the KIR3DL1/S1 locus by unequal crossing over has enabled individuals to carry and expre

175 g interference and noninterference phases of crossing over, however, lack of change in the coefficien

176 f-reported pain in watchful-waiting patients crossing over improved after repair.

177 There is virtually no crossing over in a c(3)G mutant, but c(2)M or c(2)M; c(3

178 ge at mbs1 was significantly associated with crossing over in an apparently break-free interval >25 k

179 Here, we investigate control of meiotic crossing over in Caenorhabditis elegans, which averages

180 n MLH3 and MLH1 and is involved in promoting crossing over in conjunction with MSH4-MSH5.

181 uggested that the SC is required for meiotic crossing over in Drosophila.

182 osition in genomic regions with low rates of crossing over in Drosophila.

183 f MEI-9 is not sufficient to restore meiotic crossing over in Ercc1 mutants.

184 s81-Mms4 (Eme1) contributes significantly to crossing over in eukaryotes.

185 on the X chromosome, because of the lack of crossing over in male Drosophila.

186 Interestingly, crossing over in mei-P22 mutants can be restored to almo

187 When crossing over in sgs1 is reduced by the introduction of

188 oi) comprised mosaic chromosomes, reflecting crossing over in the diploid A-genome interspecific F(1)

189 The RN-cM map charts the distribution of crossing over in the form of recombination nodules (RNs)

190 conversion repair, the frequency of mitotic crossing over in the germ line indicates the relative pr

191 s allowing us to measure the rate of unequal crossing over in the PF exon.

192 gene conversion occurs more frequently than crossing over in the su-w and su-s gene sequences while

193 coincidence may show only that spo16 reduces crossing over in the two phases by a similar factor.

194 Paradoxically, crossing over in this background is strongly dependent o

195 Interference-dependent crossing over in yeast and mammalian meioses involves th

196 Were all crossing over in yeast subject to interference, such dat

197 Y chromosome segregation hinges on efficient crossing-over in a very small region of homology, the ps

198 ionship between homologous recombination and crossing-over in haploid budding yeast and identified fa

199 onallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) or crossing-over in meiosis between sequences that are not

200 ut the location and activity of the sites of crossing-over in mice and humans.

201 gh probability of misreplication and unequal crossing-over in the repeated segment of the gene.

202 MUS81-MMS4 promotes interference-independent crossing over; in a second pathway, both MSH4-MSH5 and M

203 uggested that most of them arose via unequal crossing over, indicating that rp3 is a complex locus li

204 tions lasted 4 wk with a 2-wk washout before crossing over into the alternate condition.

205 Current models for crossing-over invoke an intermediate in which homologs a

206 ed a novel class of products consistent with crossing over, involving gene conversion associated with

207 In mutants that fail to make SC, crossing over is decreased, and chromosomes frequently f

208 deletion mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, crossing over is decreased, and the distribution of the

209 assembles with wild-type kinetics; however, crossing over is delayed and decreased compared to wild

210 ing interhomolog recombination suggests that crossing over is rare in wild-type cells.

211 to these patterns in genome regions in which crossing over is rare or absent, whereas selective sweep

212 ophase (depending on strain background), and crossing over is reduced.

213 Crossing over is regulated to occur at least once per ea

214 Whereas crossing over is required in meiosis, in mitotic cells i

215 Crossing-over is decreased in the zip4 mutant (as in zip

216 Crossing-over is inhibited by exonucleases ExoI, ExoVII,

217 with data from genetic crosses, we find that crossing-over is restricted to the region marked by H3K4

218 A putative regulator of crossing-over is RNF212, which is associated with variat

219 events, involving either gene conversion or crossing-over, is markedly increased to levels rivaling

220 mosome--its lack of a homologous partner for crossing over, its functional specialization for spermat

221 spring, while its harmful effects (errors of crossing-over leading to mutations) are proportional to

222 athway, resulting in diminished interhomolog crossing-over leading to spore lethality.

223 alization, c(2)M mutants unexpectedly affect crossing over less severely than a c(3)G mutant.

224 Insertions disrupt crossing over locally.

225 , male specificity, haploidy and escape from crossing over - make it an unusual component of the geno

226 hese data raise the possibility that unequal crossing over may be responsible in part for the expansi

227 ed evolution, although the degree of unequal crossing over may differ among complex satellite loci.

228 n a given gene, which influences how unequal crossing over may occur.

229 ic to either MMR (MSH2-MSH3 or MSH2-MSH6) or crossing over (MSH4-MSH5).

230 the defect in interference and the level of crossing over, msh4 is similar to the zip1 mutant, which

231 slx4 yen1 triple mutants, JM resolution and crossing over occur efficiently.

232 RecA-dependent crossing over occurred primarily by the RecF pathway but

233 ells sporulate with wild-type efficiency and crossing over occurs at wild-type levels.

234 We infer that Mus81-dependent crossing over occurs in a noncanonical manner that does

235 These arise from crossing over of chromatid arms during homologous recomb

236 0% of these conversions were associated with crossing over of flanking markers, suggesting a strong b

237 ntial role of Brca1 in DNA-damage repair and crossing-over of homologous chromosomes during spermatog

238 mms4 specifically reduces crossing over on small chromosomes, which are known to u

239 method has existed for pinpointing sites of crossing-over on a genome-wide scale in an experimentall

240 hat Arabidopsis has two pathways for meiotic crossing over, only one of which is subject to interfere

241 lleles are preferentially transmitted during crossing over, opposing mutation, and shows that GC-bias

242 unclear, except for the few instances where crossing over or gene conversion have been demonstrated.

243 ent origin of the HbC allele, recombination (crossing-over or gene conversion) is observed within 1 k

244 d disease-associated CNCs is meiotic unequal crossing over, or nonallelic homologous recombination (N

245 Crossing over, or reciprocal recombination, is essential

246 ritory than uninjured neurons, fail to avoid crossing over other branches from the same neuron, respo

247 uilibrium model, we estimated the population crossing-over parameter (4N(e)r(bp), where N(e) is the e

248 nonymous fixation increases with the rate of crossing over per base pair; and (5) both duplications a

249 ergence in genomic regions where the rate of crossing over per physical distance is restricted.

250 ecline sharply and in parallel with rates of crossing over per physical length over the distal first

251 ost recombination; however, RecA-independent crossing over predominated at 25 bp and could be detecte

252 e estimated ratio of gene-conversion rate to crossing-over rate has a range of 1.6-9.4, depending on

253 e effective population size and r(bp) is the crossing-over rate per generation between adjacent base

254 composite-likelihood approach for estimating crossing-over rates and better when estimating gene-conv

255 der models with variable gene-conversion and crossing-over rates and demonstrate its ability to ident

256 e, the estimated ratio of gene conversion to crossing-over rates is 7.3 for a mean tract length of 50

257 ersion rates in the presence of variation in crossing-over rates.

258 ts, the genetic dependence of RecA-dependent crossing over resembled that reported for single-strand

259 with spermatogenic failure, sister-chromatid crossing-over resulted in pseudoisoYp chromosome formati

260 ed to mismatch repair functions, the meiotic crossing-over role of MLH1 appears to be more resistant

261 Rates of crossing over show marked variability at all scales surv

262 ionship between Zip3 foci, SC formation, and crossing over strongly implicates crossover-designated r

263 tically separated, and Mus81 is required for crossing over, supporting the hypothesis that the fissio

264 sover interference yet display a decrease in crossing over that is only slightly less severe than tha

265 Rp1-D resistance can be explained by unequal crossing over that occurred mostly within coding regions

266 ration of additional Lumi-R from the GSI via crossing over the ground-state thermal barrier for full

267 ntially selected over the other splice sites crossing over the intron to excise a minimal length of t

268 During meiosis, crossing-over--the exchange of genetic material between

269 diversified by gene duplication and unequal crossing over, thereby generating haplotypes with variat

270 ophase in oocytes that undergo X chromosomal crossing over, they are maintained throughout prophase i

271 pportive care, with supportive care patients crossing over to Aza C upon disease progression.

272 rimental evidence of multiple SIVcpz strains crossing over to humans and identified several important

273 igins of HIV-1 are the consequence of SIVcpz crossing over to humans.

274 the consequence of SIV from wild chimpanzees crossing over to humans.

275 iency viruses from wild chimpanzees (SIVcpz) crossing over to humans.

276 abilizing their interaction and allowing for crossing over to occur.

277 ase, BLM (Bloom syndrome mutated) suppresses crossing over to prevent recombination.

278 a washout period of at least 21 days, before crossing over to the alternate diet.

279 ons reduce sporulation, spore viability, and crossing over to the same extent as dmc1.

280 to contribute an average of twice as much as crossing over to total recombination.

281 Upon crossing over to two-dimensional coupled ladders, the ed

282 A severe reduction in crossing over together with evidence for accumulated rec

283 Crossing over was consistently higher on the side of the

284 and break induction, and the rate of meiotic crossing over was not affected in synapsed chromosomes.

285 genetic algorithm incorporating mutation and crossing-over was used to investigate the evolution of s

286 Meiotic reciprocal recombination (crossing over) was examined in the outermost 60-80 kb of

287 mical mapping of MLH1, a protein involved in crossing over, was employed.

288 r concerted evolution through conversion and crossing over, well-known to affect tandem gene clusters

289 Gene conversions and crossing over were analyzed along 10 intervals in a 405-

290 Levels of crossing over were increased by defects in DnaB helicase

291 ed by illegitimate recombination and unequal crossing over were major driving forces in the evolution

292 DSB formation, gene conversion, and crossing-over were coordinately reduced in the mutants t

293 ) or interallelic recombination with unequal crossing over, whereas both mechanisms appear to be requ

294 In addition, crossing over, which can lead to LOH of a whole chromoso

295 al and distal CMT1A-REPs and promote unequal crossing over, which occurs 10 times more frequently in

296 een eight yeast proteins involved in meiotic crossing over, which seems to have resulted from relaxat

297 going a series of inversions that suppressed crossing over with the X chromosome.

298 Thus, mbs1 is also a hotspot of crossing over, with breakage at mbs1 generating most of

299 Each event suppressed X-Y crossing over within a chromosome segment or 'stratum',

300 a process that appears to involve reciprocal crossing over within the t-loop structure that protects

301 licating two to five LRRs because of unequal crossing-over within or between RGC2 genes at one of two