ライフサイエンスコーパス: cryogenic

1 In this contribution we present a cryogenic 3D printing method able to produce stable 3D s

2 Using native cryogenic 3DEM (three-dimensional electron microscopy),

3 Cryogenic and conventional transmission electron microsc

4 Cryogenic and microwave measurements performed here show

5 galactosylation had no effect on either the cryogenic and nephritogenic activities of 6-19 IgG3 rheu

6 cryopreservation of tissues, hyperthermia or cryogenic, and other thermal-based clinical diagnostics

7 olated atoms of Zn and Fe on ferritin, using cryogenic annular dark-field scanning transmission elect

8 nd their mechanism of action, as well as the cryogenic apparatus which allows materials to be cooled

9 uld also provide a guidance to the promising cryogenic application of these new advanced BMG composit

10 gical samples, is crucial for the success of cryogenic applications.

11 We present here a remarkably simple, non-cryogenic approach to high-performance human MRI at ultr

12 nizing neutral compounds by X-irradiation of cryogenic Ar matrices to radicals embedded in such matri

13 at 222 nm of 5-methyltetrazole isolated in a cryogenic argon matrix leads to formation of methyl nitr

14 Similarly, photolysis of 1b in cryogenic argon matrixes results in ylide 8.

15 Likewise, irradiation of 1a in cryogenic argon matrixes through a Pyrex filter results

16 We thus demonstrate that our cryogenic biopsy device can eliminate ischemia-induced p

17 ate effects of ischemia, we employed a novel cryogenic biopsy device which begins freezing tissues in

18 Cryogenic boil-off pressure rise and pressure control ve

19 ke Vida (Antarctica) encapsulates an extreme cryogenic brine ecosystem (-13 degrees C; salinity, 200)

20 Unfortunately, experiments using cryogenic buffer gases have found that although the mole

21 3)](+) has been used in solid matrices under cryogenic conditions as a photochemical precursor for an

22 prerequisite, samples must be handled under cryogenic conditions below their recrystallization tempe

23 oride anion [F5 ](-) has been observed under cryogenic conditions in neon matrices at 850 cm(-1) .

24 diffraction analysis of soft materials under cryogenic conditions produces substantial local electric

25 Under cryogenic conditions sulfate formation might be blocked,

26 The samples were studied under ambient and cryogenic conditions without dehydration or heavy metal

27 ling (SCT) computations indicate that, under cryogenic conditions, 1-methoxycyclopropylmethylcarbene

28 glass-transition-like phase transition under cryogenic conditions, and responsive turn-on fluorescenc

29 ted by flash vacuum pyrolysis, trapped under cryogenic conditions, and studied by direct spectroscopi

30 for longer than 2 wk while maintained under cryogenic conditions, but disappeared if annealed to roo

31 LS) reveals the existence of water ice under cryogenic conditions, even in high vacuum environment.

32 , spectroscopic proof is thus far limited to cryogenic conditions, under which thermal reactivity is

33 f chemical fixatives, and imaging them under cryogenic conditions, we are able to obtain images with

34 ch too high to be surmounted thermally under cryogenic conditions.

35 d states, including optical microscopy under cryogenic conditions.

36 operation, such materials remain pristine at cryogenic conditions.

37 a tunneling process from the ground state at cryogenic conditions.

38 Cryogenic conductivity measurements indicate intrinsic t

39 ere, we describe the combination of SXT with cryogenic confocal fluorescence tomography (CFT).

40 y a considerable dose applied to the sample, cryogenic cooling is necessary to optimize the structura

41 The possibilities to use cryogenic cooling to trap components in liquid chromatog

42 robust, transportable, and does not require cryogenic cooling.

43 -based methods and is closely similar to the cryogenic crystal structure (<r.m.s. deviation>bb approx

44 Here we report high-resolution (1.10 A) cryogenic crystallographic structures of the transmembra

45 ve absorption and adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic distillation are reviewed.

46 dustrial separation of light hydrocarbons by cryogenic distillation could potentially be lowered thro

47 avings when compared with the currently used cryogenic distillation process for ethylene produced thr

48 used as solid adsorbents to replace current cryogenic distillation technologies, with the choice of

49 mation from the traditional energy-intensive cryogenic distillation to the energy-efficient, adsorben

50 from ethane by adsorption, instead of using cryogenic distillation, is a key milestone for molecular

51 l-bound water as well as total soil water by cryogenic distillation.

52 eparation processes rely on energy intensive cryogenic distillation.

53 ve these radioactive noble gases is a costly cryogenic distillation; alternatively, porous materials

54 Cryogenic DNP was required to observe the weaker externa

55 ing experiments at room temperature and with cryogenic DNP.

56 this approach in the context of experimental cryogenic electron microscope images of a large ensemble

57 Here, we have determined a cryogenic electron microscopic structure of Sec13/31 tog

58 In single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy ("cryo-EM"), for example,

59 icosahedral virus assembly were obtained by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-parti

60 S and 80S states of poliovirus particles via cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and three-dimens

61 Here we present (i) a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a c

62 As high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of ri

63 Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we found that t

64 Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we have demonst

65 n of native influenza virus RNPs by means of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM).

66 ric modulator Ro 25-6981 (Ro), determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM).

67 olyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) imaging.

68 ral model for tubular CA assemblies based on cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM), the dimerization

69 on complex (PIC) were determined by means of cryogenic electron microscopy and a combination of chemi

70 The structure of CW02, solved by cryogenic electron microscopy and three-dimensional reco

71 rred specimen orientation in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy by employing tilts during

72 oughly characterized by gel electrophoresis, cryogenic electron microscopy imaging and dynamic light

73 electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy and cryogenic electron microscopy imaging.

74 truction approaches originally developed for cryogenic electron microscopy of single particles.

75 Cryogenic electron microscopy of this novel phage reveal

76 Here, we report the 4 angstrom resolution cryogenic electron microscopy reconstruction of a one-st

77 Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we analyzed the non-AAA s

78 Using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we have determined the st

79 lectrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy.

80 from a large number of snapshots obtained by cryogenic electron microscopy.

81 hly characterized by gel electrophoresis and cryogenic electron microscopy.

82 change in polymer structure, as observed by cryogenic electron microscopy.

83 ght scattering, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy.

84 Fab and virus were mixed and imaged via cryogenic electron microscopy.

85 e structure of an intact GluA2/3 receptor by cryogenic electron microscopy.

86 nant expression of the capsid protein, using cryogenic electron microscopy.

87 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) results indicate

88 covered in the room-temperature, but not the cryogenic, electron-density maps.

89 nstrate that heat dissipation in widely used cryogenic electronic devices instead occurs by phonon bl

90 can be used for all systems requiring vacuum/cryogenic environments.

91 erroelectric crystals using a combination of cryogenic experiments and phase-field simulations.

92 m temperature and alleviating constraints of cryogenic experiments.

93 nitrogen (SN2) cooling system as a valuable cryogenic feature, which is targeted for easy usability

94 EEMs are recorded at 4.2 K with the aid of a cryogenic fiber-optic probe and a commercial spectrofluo

95 Cryogenic flow visualization techniques have been proved

96 nsional soft X-ray tomography, combined with cryogenic fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy

97 enhance superresolution precision is to use cryogenic fluorescent imaging, reported to reduce fluore

98 cilitates thermo-electric coolers instead of cryogenics for trapping and resistive on-column heating

99 uous enclosed duct system, which may include cryogenic fuel-filling, and shell curing, to produce rea

100 eat flows through liquid and vapor phases of cryogenic helium from the constantly heated, but cooler,

101 experimental results deploying a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet as a debris-free, renewable laser

102 by recording iSC activity during reversible cryogenic inactivation of the FEF in four male nonhuman

103 mass spectrometry and was directly probed by cryogenic ion IR predissociation spectroscopy.

104 re consistent with the results obtained from cryogenic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (cryo-IM-MS) me

105 Experimental data obtained by cryogenic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (cryo-IM-MS) sh

106 Here, we use cryogenic ion mobility-mass spectrometry to experimental

107 spectroscopy of a complex anion cooled in a cryogenic ion trap is reported.

108 Here we exploit the slow cooling afforded by cryogenic ion trapping, along with isotopic substitution

109 Cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectro

110 frequency oscillator is similar to that of a cryogenic JJ oscillator, with the energy of the easy-pla

111 ure triggered expansion of bulk h-BN and the cryogenic L-N2 gasification to exfoliate the h-BN.

112 Cryogenic land surface processes (LSPs) control landscap

113 conditions and related atmospheric feedbacks.Cryogenic land surface processes characterise the perigl

114 A batch and cryogenic laser-induced time-resolved luminescence spect

115 results offer the possibility of developing cryogenic linear actuation technologies with a high prec

116 an electron beam ion trap and retrapped in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency trap by means of sympath

117 n response even at the micrometer scale, and cryogenic linear shape memory effects near 50 K.

118 Compound 2 is only stable at cryogenic (liquid N2) temperatures, and frozen solutions

119 rotomers was confirmed using high resolution cryogenic localization microscopy, with ca. 9 nm between

120 Cryogenic maceration also increased the levels of severa

121 Cryogenic maceration increased phenolics and antioxidant

122 Mechanical harvesting and cryogenic maceration were used in combination to produce

123 r cells are currently the most sensitive non-cryogenic magnetic field sensors.

124 gas phase and subsequently characterized in cryogenic matrices (Ar and N2 ).

125 which was characterized spectroscopically in cryogenic matrices.

126 werful approach is to use a combination of a cryogenic matrix environment and a tunable narrowband ra

127 on of UV/vis, IR, and ESR spectroscopy under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions to investigate the

128 ceeded only by An-An pairings prepared under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions.

129 bonding interactions, hitherto restricted to cryogenic matrix isolation experiments, and the AnAs(H)A

130 nt interest in ultra-low-power, high-density cryogenic memories has spurred new efforts to simultaneo

131 We combine ion mobility spectrometry with cryogenic, messenger-tagging, infrared spectroscopy and

132 Cryogenic microscopy methods have gained increasing popu

133 olution by means of single-particle electron cryogenic microscopy.

134 t, and sectioned (40-100 mum length) using a cryogenic microtome.

135 A new liquid nitrogen-based single-stage cryogenic modulator was developed and characterized.

136 imension of separation ((1)D) column and the cryogenic modulator, providing the reduction of unsatura

137 of the frozen protein is increased from the cryogenic, motions of the N domain are activated first.

138 n scattering, far-infrared spectroscopy, and cryogenic nuclear magnetic resonance are used to investi

139 of energy between two vibrational modes of a cryogenic optomechanical device using topological operat

140 ysics studies of excised neurons probed with cryogenic or bulky detectors that do not provide single-

141 cal transition precisely correlated with the cryogenic phase transition of water from a high-density

142 Here, we describe an approach to cryogenic photoactivated localization microscopy (cPALM)

143 y adjusting the O2 and SF6 flow rates in the cryogenic plasma etching process, different surface morp

144 at natural abundance in groundwater, using a cryogenic probe, demonstrates the viability of NMR spect

145 normal Wistar rats with a 4.7-T imager and a cryogenic probe.

146 re commonly equipped for (1)H detection with cryogenic probes.

147 Moreover, DMSO works as a cryogenic protector avoiding solidification at the tempe

148 The results suggest that the cryogenic protein dynamical transition might be directly

149 Here we describe a cryogenic purge and trap system coupled to continuous fl

150 n ultrastable oscillators, typically require cryogenic refrigeration.

151 In contrast to the cryogenic ruby maser, in our maser the gain medium is an

152 Comparison of penetration data with cryogenic scanning EM images of mucus and the applied mo

153 hycene molecule on a Ag(110) surface using a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

154 The cryogenic separation of noble gases is energy-intensive

155 ction appears as a viable alternative to the cryogenic separation process, the primary purification m

156 e is not restricted to ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic settings.

157 We have applied cryogenic soft X-ray tomography and three-dimensional el

158 Cryogenic soft X-ray tomography in the "water window" is

159 ich is unexpectedly similar to that found in cryogenic, spectroscopically observed phosphinidene spec

160 isothermal vitrification methodology for non-cryogenic stabilization and storage of liquid biospecime

161 For example, cryogenic storage imposes very harsh chemical, physical,

162 strains by propagation on agar media and by cryogenic storage, (2) identify mutagenic insertion site

163 safe, efficient, and low-cost alternative to cryogenic storage.

164 use the large size and immobility of present cryogenic (superconducting) technology prevent long-term

165 Using cryogenic technologies, a 3D resolution of 5-10 nm shoul

166 In this work, we used cryogenic TEM to image U60 and secondary and tertiary as

167 used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic TEM, and (55)Fe as an isotope tracer to observ

168 nts, is minimized by operating the device at cryogenic temperature (500 mK).

169 based bulk metallic glass (BMG) composite at cryogenic temperature (77 K).

170 metalation/cross-coupling reaction involving cryogenic temperature and strong base conditions.

171 itored by periodically cooling the sample to cryogenic temperature for EPR analysis.

172 ueous layer are rapidly frozen and imaged at cryogenic temperature in the transmission electron micro

173 cent 1.95 A resolution structure of PS II at cryogenic temperature using an XFEL provided a damage-fr

174 uced structural transformations of A44-KR at cryogenic temperature, which we have investigated by com

175 (FePc) is adsorbed to graphene on Ir(111) at cryogenic temperature.

176 Ls by using scanning voltage microscopy at a cryogenic temperature.

177 catalyzed CO combustion, already starting at cryogenic temperature.

178 ultrafast spectroscopy in single crystals at cryogenic temperature.

179 The cryogenic-temperature scanning electron microscopy (cryo

180 These findings were demonstrated by the cryogenic-temperature transmission electron microscopy r

181 performance (viz., excellent sensitivity at cryogenic temperatures <100 K) is determined mainly by a

182 anical decoherence rates already at moderate cryogenic temperatures (10 K).

183 high threshold (10(2)-10(4) MW cm(-2)) or at cryogenic temperatures (4-120 K).

184 electron resonance (DEER), is carried out at cryogenic temperatures (50-80 K) to increase the short s

185 rm (R2loxPhoto) upon visible illumination at cryogenic temperatures (77 K) that completely decays upo

186 early exclusively on X-ray data collected at cryogenic temperatures (generally 100 K).

187 tigated by IR spectroscopy in Ar matrices at cryogenic temperatures (Ph-CNN-H 6, Ph-CNN-CH(3)17, Ph-C

188 r spinning-disk confocal light microscopy at cryogenic temperatures and describe the incorporation of

189 ements indicate diamagnetic ground states at cryogenic temperatures and established low isomer shifts

190 scattering, leading to large self-heating at cryogenic temperatures and setting a key limit on the no

191 ure dependence of the dielectric constant at cryogenic temperatures and showed that the cage shields

192 tudies is that both Cu(2+)/nitroxide DEER at cryogenic temperatures and T1 relaxation measurements at

193 the dimerized quantum magnet SrCu2(BO3)2 at cryogenic temperatures and through a quantum-phase trans

194 ere we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures and transmission electron microsc

195 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching at cryogenic temperatures and we find it to be suitable for

196 Cryogenic temperatures are usually required to observe t

197 ing effect in individual carbon nanotubes at cryogenic temperatures as previously observed in quantum

198 yphenyl)carbene is the first carbene that at cryogenic temperatures can be isolated in both its lowes

199 two-dimensional electron gas that we use at cryogenic temperatures has a larger kinetic inductance t

200 atalysts could be active for CO oxidation at cryogenic temperatures has ignited much excitement in na

201 in ultrahigh-Q silicon disk nanocavities at cryogenic temperatures in a superfluid helium environmen

202 ters detecting plasmonically induced heat at cryogenic temperatures in a unique interplay of excitons

203 odynamically stable isotopomer rearranges at cryogenic temperatures in the dark to the more stable on

204 nterpretation of structural results, because cryogenic temperatures minimally perturb the overall pro

205 they typically require high magnetic fields, cryogenic temperatures or sample transfer between magnet

206 lectron lasers, and quantum cascades require cryogenic temperatures or/and complex setups, preventing

207 faces, in contrast to bulk materials, at non-cryogenic temperatures represents a formidable challenge

208 ing that occur due to sample freezing at the cryogenic temperatures required for DNP.

209 At cryogenic temperatures small increments of NO were intro

210 re-toughness values above 200 MPa m(1/2); at cryogenic temperatures strength, ductility and toughness

211 rCu(2)(BO(3))(2), in a diamond anvil cell at cryogenic temperatures to continuously tune the coupling

212 te spectroscopy must usually be performed at cryogenic temperatures to reduce competition from non-ra

213 d ESR techniques require frozen solutions at cryogenic temperatures to reduce the rapid electron spin

214 rious X-ray studies have been carried out at cryogenic temperatures to understand the intermediate st

215 he expansion of NV-based magnetic imaging to cryogenic temperatures will enable future studies of pre

216 mperature, picocavities can be stabilized at cryogenic temperatures, allowing single atomic cavities

217 harge conversion remains stable for hours at cryogenic temperatures, allowing spatial and persistent

218 ron complex [Fe(II)(CF3SO3)2(PyNMe3)] (1) at cryogenic temperatures, and characterized spectroscopica

219 solid-state refrigerator capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures, and now the first solid-state co

220 duction at room temperature and after XPR at cryogenic temperatures, as corroborated by model structu

221 e hydrogenases only under illumination or at cryogenic temperatures, can be generated reversibly in t

222 Lumi-R formation occurs at cryogenic temperatures, consistent with their being no m

223 the proposed technologies operate at room or cryogenic temperatures, due to their dependence on mater

224 lated phenomena to date have often relied on cryogenic temperatures, high excitation densities and we

225 re as a nanoscale scanning magnetic probe at cryogenic temperatures, however, where many solid-state

226 ar number of cycles in crystalline solids at cryogenic temperatures, it has not been possible to achi

227 ate Cope rearrangement of semibullvalenes at cryogenic temperatures, monodeuterated 1,5-dimethylsemib

228 is metastable on the time scale of hours at cryogenic temperatures, similar to the light-induced exc

229 ccessful when the entire system is cooled to cryogenic temperatures, typically <1 K.

230 data collection is typically carried out at cryogenic temperatures, we reasoned that some of the dis

231 ter to an excited-state spin anticrossing at cryogenic temperatures, we use coherent population trapp

232 ibrils in a thin layer of vitrified water at cryogenic temperatures, we were able to detect picometer

233 harp emission features have been observed at cryogenic temperatures, which act as single photon sourc

234 derived from conventional crystallography at cryogenic temperatures, which we also report here.

235 ent distribution in frozen-hydrated cells at cryogenic temperatures, with high structural and chemica

236 bolometers, which however need to operate at cryogenic temperatures.

237 aintaining outstanding fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures.

238 r (Q > 10(5)) mechanical systems operated at cryogenic temperatures.

239 ost if not all TFETs are operational only at cryogenic temperatures.

240 nm, but with the requirement of operating at cryogenic temperatures.

241 y rotating, isolated water molecules even at cryogenic temperatures.

242 cur in the inverted region, at both room and cryogenic temperatures.

243 ible spin state via visible/near-IR light at cryogenic temperatures.

244 gle molecules in condensed matter, mostly at cryogenic temperatures.

245 These motions are quenched in the crystal at cryogenic temperatures.

246 transitions in extraterrestrial materials at cryogenic temperatures.

247 DEER currently is performed at cryogenic temperatures.

248 ergo ring expansion to 2-chloroadamantene at cryogenic temperatures.

249 has been investigated in an argon matrix at cryogenic temperatures.

250 ion electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at cryogenic temperatures.

251 her O(2) molecules merely physisorb on it at cryogenic temperatures.

252 presence of an antiferromagnetic ordering at cryogenic temperatures.

253 to the two liquid forms of water proposed at cryogenic temperatures.

254 ore, we studied graphene r.f. transistors at cryogenic temperatures.

255 ting devices and then study these devices at cryogenic temperatures.

256 emporal orders of magnitude both at room and cryogenic temperatures.

257 harge carriers, typically pronounced only at cryogenic temperatures.

258 ruling out the option of storing methane at cryogenic temperatures.

259 catalyst shows activity for CO oxidation at cryogenic temperatures.

260 react with the CO adsorbed on TiO2 sites at cryogenic temperatures.

261 ially their effect on phonon transport above cryogenic temperatures.

262 ts mechanical properties actually improve at cryogenic temperatures; we attribute this to a transitio

263 The novel cryogenic tensile plasticity is related to the effective

264 Here we explore the effects of cryogenic thermal cycling on glasses, specifically metal

265 pex of a sharp pipette: it provides scanning cryogenic thermal sensing that is four orders of magnitu

266 takes place upon heating the solid MOF from cryogenic to ambient temperatures.

267 istically significant experimental data from cryogenic to high temperatures, we show that the average

268 As the temperature was increased from cryogenic to room temperature, we discovered a phase tra

269 aphene membranes under low applied stress at cryogenic to room temperatures.

270 immobilized it in the microstructure with a cryogenic transfer protocol before atom probe tomography

271 an apparatus that allows the correlation of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) an

272 small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) re

273 udy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) we

274 Liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) we

275 The dispersions were investigated using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), p

276 ould be monitored by the complemented use of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), U

277 of CNT-HemNP aggregates were observed using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).

278 eneral morphological features of the VLPs by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).

279 te (GB) hydrogel, which was characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and circular

280 By using fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and super-res

281 Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy demonstrates

282 Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging of th

283 c in nature including even the most advanced cryogenic transmission electron microscopy techniques.

284 vestigate their morphology, conventional and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy were used to

285 Small-angle X-ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and circular

286 namic light scattering, confocal microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, Fourier tran

287 rmed spontaneously and were characterized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle

288 c light scattering, UV/vis spectroscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we demonstra

289 was established by X-ray crystallography and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.

290 sembly in aqueous environment was studied by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.

291 information, obtained by the combined use of cryogenic transmission microscopy (cryo-TEM) and UV-vis

292 Here cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy observations

293 nfirmation of the validity of the permeation/cryogenic trapping system, the propane permeation tube w

294 This unit is based on a cryogenic trapping which allows VOC preconcentration and

295 Furthermore, cryogenic treatment of hand-picked fruit increased varie

296 For volatile DBPs, cryogenic vacuum distillation performed unsatisfactorily

297 former models fitted to room temperature and cryogenic X-ray diffraction data for dihydrofolate reduc

298 We applied cryogenic X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and wet chemi

299 Five cryogenic X-ray structures were solved of the monomeric

300 the course of these experiments, revealed by cryogenic XPS, provides further evidence that CIP oxidat