ライフサイエンスコーパス: cutin

1 re reported only as very minor components of cutin.

2 and hydroxy fatty acids was performed within cutin.

3 he cuticle whose major structural polymer is cutin.

4 and had a substantial reduction in levels of cutin.

5 ic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin.

6 mutants with increased dicarboxylic acids in cutin.

7 ete biosynthetic pathways for both waxes and cutin.

8 ajor classes of aliphatic wax components and cutin.

9 es but were absent in tomato and apple fruit cutins.

10 and to the appearance of nanopores in tomato cutins.

11 The plant cuticle consists of cutin, a polyester of glycerol, hydroxyl, and epoxy fatt

12 omponent of apparently all plant cuticles is cutin, a polyester of hydroxy fatty acids; however, desp

13 ound that WIN1 influences the composition of cutin, a polyester that forms the backbone of the cuticl

14 composition in leaves of anl2 revealed that cutin accumulates to approximately 60% of the levels obs

15 specific wax constituents and maintenance of cutin amounts, determined by the accumulation of cuticle

16 composed of two major components: polymeric cutin and a mixture of waxes, which infiltrate the cutin

17 ed in differences in the composition of leaf cutin and cuticular waxes.

18 sis of its two major components, the polymer cutin and cuticular waxes.

19 e amount of cuticle and its main components, cutin and polysaccharides, was also observed.

20 Cutin and suberin are the two major lipid-based polymers

21 AT specificities as one major determinant of cutin and suberin composition, and (3) argue against a r

22 ir compositions suggest the presence of both cutin and suberin layers.

23 nt in recognition of novel components of the cutin and suberin polymers that form water-impermeable b

24 cuticles share common features with lignin, cutin and suberin, and may represent the extant represen

25 de insight into the biosynthetic assembly of cutin and suberin, the two most abundant glycerolipid po

26 here is no correlation between the amount of cutin and the permeability of the cuticle to water, but

27 eferentially expressed in L1 are involved in cutin and wax biosynthesis, whereas numerous genes that

28 uctural abnormalities were observed, and the cutin and wax compositions were less affected than in le

29 synthesis, suggesting that the regulation of cutin and wax production by WIN1 is a two-step process.

30 structure and composition of its components, cutin and wax, have been catalogued, but few functional

31 plant organs, the relative contributions of cutin and waxes to cuticle function are still not well u

32 in cuticular architecture and quantities of cutin and waxes were observed, with the wax coverage of

33 le is an extracellular lipid-based matrix of cutin and waxes, which covers aerial organs and protects

34 sition of a hydrophobic cuticle, composed of cutin and waxes, which is critically important in limiti

35 ockouts gpat4/gpat8 were strongly reduced in cutin and were less resistant to desiccation and to infe

36 tly consists of an aliphatic polymer matrix (cutin) and intracuticular and epicuticular waxes.

37 homes were composed of 8% soluble waxes, 49% cutin, and 43% polysaccharides.

38 floral surfaces depends on the synthesis of cutin, and identify target genes to investigate the func

39 The roles of cutin- and suberin polyesters are often attributed to th

40 Suberin and cutin are fatty acid- and glycerol-based plant polymers

41 he C16 aliphatic fatty acids associated with cutin are sufficient to promote hyphopodia/appressoria f

42 ively, isolated from F. solani pisi grown on cutin as the sole carbon source.

43 Within the cutin-associated clade, GPAT8 is demonstrated as a bifun

44 ased elasticity due to a severe reduction in cutin biosynthesis and altered wax deposition.

45 in floral tissues to provide acyl chains for cutin biosynthesis and prevent adherence of these develo

46 cyltransferases GPAT4 and GPAT6 required for cutin biosynthesis esterify acyl groups predominantly to

47 which we propose acts as a key regulator of cutin biosynthesis in tomato fruit.

48 n causes a pronounced negative regulation of cutin biosynthesis or loading and affects elongation or

49 l-3-phosphate acyl transferase that promotes cutin biosynthesis to enhance hyphopodia formation.

50 l-3-phosphate acyl transferase that promotes cutin biosynthesis to enhance hyphopodia formation.

51 o Arabidopsis acyltransferases essential for cutin biosynthesis, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

52 ression of genes involved in suberin but not cutin biosynthesis, lowers seed coat suberin accumulatio

53 omote mycorrhizal colonization by regulating cutin biosynthesis.

54 n Acyl-CoA Synthetase2, a gene essential for cutin biosynthesis.

55 has previously been shown to be involved in cutin biosynthesis.

56 eral genes known or likely to be involved in cutin biosynthesis.

57 pathway for TAG synthesis that is related to cutin biosynthesis.

58 embly and suggested SlMIXTA-like to regulate cutin biosynthesis.

59 While the biosynthesis of cutin building blocks is well documented, the mechanisms

60 for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization

61 rulate in root and seed suberins and in leaf cutin, but not that of p-coumarate, while the aliphatic

62 For both wax and cutin, cer9 showed mostly additive effects with cer6, lo

63 ion provides a strategy to probe the role of cutin composition and quantity in the function of plant

64 Changes in cutin composition are preceded by the rapid and coordina

65 In order to modify cutin composition, the acyltransferase GPAT5 and the cyt

66 Abscisic acid had little effect on cutin composition.

67 organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition.

68 ealed that changes in cuticle lipid (wax and cutin) composition correlated well with differing levels

69 ositions of glycerol was impacted, and their cutin contained a higher molar glycerol-to-dihydroxyhexa

70 to analyze the roles of the leaf cuticle and cutin content and composition in the tomato plant's defe

71 which have a dramatic (95-98%) reduction in cutin content and substantially altered, but distinctly

72 The cutin content is reduced to 30% in att1, indicating that

73 A strong reduction in cutin content was found in flowers of both mutants.

74 impact on flower cuticle ultrastructure and cutin content.

75 dermal cells of the plants and consisting of cutin covered and filled by waxes.

76 lymerization, we concluded that the level of cutin cross-linking had no significant impact on water p

77 in the amount and/or composition of wax and cutin, cuticle thickness, and surface aspect of the frui

78 We therefore tested three additional cutin-defective mutants for resistance to B. cinerea: at

79 identify the causal mutation underlying the cutin deficiency in a mutant thereafter named gpat6-a (f

80 gene family, previously only associated with cutin deficiency in tomato fruit.

81 This cutin deficiency resulted in an increase in cuticle surf

82 We identified three tomato mutants, cutin deficient 1 (cd1), cd2 and cd3, the fruit cuticles

83 motif lipase/hydrolase family protein (GDSL) Cutin Deficient 1 (CD1).

84 Leaves of the pe mutant are also cutin deficient and the epicuticular waxes contain a low

85 (Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82) with those of cutin-deficient mutants.

86 Using genetic mapping of a strong cutin-deficient mutation, we discovered a novel hypomorp

87 that the pe locus represents a new allele of CUTIN DEFICIENT2 (CD2), a member of the class IV homeodo

88 ition, but are limited in lignocellulose and cutin degradation.

89 s of isolated cutins revealed a reduction in cutin density in silenced lines.

90 wn as CUTIN SYNTHASE1 (CUS1) is required for cutin deposition in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit

91 ly, in addition to a significant decrease in cutin deposition, mid-chain hydroxyl esterification of t

92 is encoded by a gene designated Deficient in Cutin Ferulate (DCF).

93 -function alleles are devoid of rosette leaf cutin ferulate and exhibit a 50% reduction in ferulic ac

94 face mechanical properties of isolated plant cutin have been made as a first step to probing the impa

95 guard cells, highlighting the importance of cutin in stomatal biology.

96 Cutin is a glycerolipid with omega-oxidized fatty acids

97 Cutin is the structural polymer of the epidermal cuticle

98 ng to biosynthesis of the cuticle component, cutin, is up-regulated during overripening.

99 cale elastic properties of the biopolyester, cutin, isolated from tomato fruit cuticle.

100 However, the thickness of the cutin layer on the abaxial surface of lacs2 leaves was o

101 showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent

102 l subfraction and is hypothesized to contain cutin-like chemical structures cross-linked with hydroxa

103 r associated with the outer integument and a cutin-like polyester layer associated with the inner see

104 a drastic decrease in aliphatic suberin and cutin-like polymers that was associated with an inabilit

105 responsible for hydrolysis of the protective cutin lipid polyester matrix in plants and thus have bee

106 ssy mutants show either reduced or increased cutin load; and (4) dull mutants display alterations in

107 and a mixture of waxes, which infiltrate the cutin matrix and also accumulate on the surface, forming

108 rall number of ester linkages present in the cutin matrix was also dependent on the presence of flavo

109 ents, only water deficit increased the total cutin monomer amount (by 65%), whereas both water defici

110 up hydrogen bonding to Ala68 possibly mimics cutin monomer binding which is of biological importance.

111 Cutin monomer content and composition differed between S

112 in fruit cuticle thickness and a decrease in cutin monomer content proportional to the level of GDSL1

113 86A69, Slshn3-RNAi and wild-type plants, and cutin monomer extracted from SlSHN3-OE plants altered th

114 athway for 10,16-dihydroxypalmitate, a major cutin monomer in nature.

115 Comparison of cutin monomer profiles in knockouts for CYP77A6 and the

116 Octadecadiene-1,18-dioate, the major leaf cutin monomer, was transiently deposited.

117 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, the major tomato cutin monomer.

118 Thus, cutin monomers act as plant signals that promote coloniz

119 causes elevated amounts of 18-carbon-length cutin monomers and a dramatic shift in the cuticular wax

120 Cuticular lipids, both cutin monomers and cuticular waxes, on rst1 leaves were

121 Cutin monomers are primarily C(16) and C(18) unsubstitut

122 Since C(16) but not C(18) cutin monomers are reduced in lacs1, and C(16) acids are

123 idopsis increased the content of C16 and C18 cutin monomers in leaves and stems by 80%.

124 The C(16) cutin monomers on lacs1 were reduced by 37% and 22%, whe

125 s, produced typical omega-hydroxy fatty acid cutin monomers such as 16-hydroxy-palmitate, 10,16-dihyd

126 ytosol, suggesting that the feruloylation of cutin monomers takes place in the cytoplasm.

127 SlSHN3-OE leaves accumulated 38% more cutin monomers than wild-type leaves, while Slshn3-RNAi

128 cut2 that causes production of low levels of cutin monomers that strongly induce cut1 using CTF1 alph

129 both primary and secondary alcohol groups of cutin monomers, and another enzymatic or nonenzymatic me

130 Cutin monomers, generated by the low levels of constitut

131 plants showed a 40 and 70% decrease in leaf cutin monomers, respectively.

132 and NaCl altered the proportional amounts of cutin monomers.

133 us keep cut1 gene repressed until induced by cutin monomers.

134 tarvation, whereas cut1 is highly induced by cutin monomers.

135 (GPAT) and is involved in the production of cutin monomers.

136 er transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (la

137 phenotype, like the phenotypes of some other cutin mutants, is very pleiotropic, causing reduced leaf

138 catalyzes the formation of primarily linear cutin oligomeric products in vitro.

139 Amounts of wax and cutin on a lacs1-1 lacs2-3 double mutant were much lower

140 Our results indicate that plant cutin or cuticle structure may play a crucial role in to

141 the LACS2 enzyme may act in the synthesis of cutin or cuticular waxes.

142 hese GPATs are required for the synthesis of cutin or suberin.

143 owed reduced expression of genes involved in cutin or wax formation.

144 in Arabidopsis by regulating genes encoding cutin pathway enzymes.

145 We demonstrate that at least one of the cutin pathway genes, which encodes long-chain acyl-CoA s

146 ffect on transcripts of the sphingolipid/wax/cutin pathway, suggesting that the supply of acyl groups

147 rmeability of the cuticle to water, but that cutin plays an important role in protecting tissues from

148 are the occlusion of their stomatal pores by cutin plugs and the absence of water-conducting xylem ve

149 olved in the extracellular deposition of the cutin polyester in the tomato fruit cuticle.

150 cuticle, a protective layer composed of the cutin polyester matrix and cuticular waxes.

151 ized by epidermal cells and is composed of a cutin polyester matrix that is embedded and covered with

152 hese results reveal a conserved mechanism of cutin polyester synthesis in land plants, and suggest th

153 or an abundant and widespread monomer of the cutin polyester, show that the morphology of floral surf

154 for the incorporation of C(16) monomers into cutin polyester.

155 while the aliphatic load in both suberin and cutin polyesters essentially remained unaffected.

156 The enzymes responsible for assembly of the cutin polymer are largely unknown.

157 iator of the tight association between fruit cutin polymer formation, cuticle assembly, and epidermal

158 hesized by epidermal cells and composed of a cutin polymer matrix and waxes.

159 ga-hydroxy fatty acids incorporated into the cutin polymer of aerial Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalian

160 n is closely related to the structure of the cutin polymer.

161 ers also contribute to a minor extent to the cutin polymer.

162 owever, despite its ubiquity, the details of cutin polymeric structure and the mechanisms of its form

163 We recently reported that cutin polymerization in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fr

164 ing tomato mutants either affected or not in cutin polymerization, we concluded that the level of cut

165 ositional changes and an overall increase in cutin production in vegetative and reproductive organs,

166 in understanding the consequences of reduced cutin production on many aspects of plant biology.

167 ses have potential roles in the synthesis of cutin, production of signaling molecules, and prevention

168 The results suggest that certain cutin-related fatty acids synthesized by CYP86A2 may rep

169 ansform infrared (FTIR) analysis of isolated cutins revealed a reduction in cutin density in silenced

170 ks that are likely to play a crucial role in cutin's elastic properties.

171 Confocal Raman imaging of benzyl etherified cutins showed that the polymerization is heterogenous at

172 port the characterization of the Arabidopsis cutin synthase 2 (cus2) mutant, which causes a great red

173 bers of this ancient and conserved family of cutin synthase-like (CUS) proteins act as polyester synt

174 An apoplastic GDSL-lipase known as CUTIN SYNTHASE1 (CUS1) is required for cutin deposition

175 patens, which represent a distinct clade of cutin synthases within the large GDSL superfamily.

176 possible roles of 2-MAGs as intermediates in cutin synthesis are discussed.

177 s2 mutant will help in future studies of the cutin synthesis pathway and in understanding the consequ

178 ciated traits, one whose deficiency elevates cutin synthesis, redistributes wax composition, and supp

179 2 have overlapping functions in both wax and cutin synthesis.

180 hesis and long-chain (C(16)) fatty acids for cutin synthesis.

181 preferentially uses palmitate derivatives in cutin synthesis.

182 tty acyl-CoA intermediates in the pathway to cutin synthesis.

183 aled its role in early steps of both wax and cutin synthetic pathways.

184 ossy fruit mutants in which the abundance of cutin, the polyester component of the cuticle, was stron

185 serine esterases whose primary substrate is cutin, the waxy exterior layer of plants.

186 of specialized metabolites such as waxes and cutin together with flavonoids and anthocyanins, which h

187 ion of up to 22 times more suberin-type than cutin-type aliphatic monomers in leaves.

188 golipids and surface waxes were altered, and cutin was decreased.

189 crease in the content of cuticle components (cutin, waxes, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds).

190 ns involved in the biosynthesis of waxes and cutin, we have isolated epidermal peels from Arabidopsis

191 ve cutinases, though it should not encounter cutin; we demonstrate that known cutinases and MPLA clea

192 , two candidates for the formation of floral cutin were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis tha

193 Hydroxy fatty acids from plant cutin were shown previously to induce the expression of

194 ted genes were associated with production of cutin, whereas transcripts for conventional TAG synthesi