ライフサイエンスコーパス: cyclohexene

1 otetramerization occurs giving a substituted cyclohexene.

2 obutane and its structural isomerizations to cyclohexene.

3 while in contact with a solution of EtOH and cyclohexene.

4 ctural isomerizations of vinylcyclobutane to cyclohexene.

5 st for 1BpCMe relative to reaction with neat cyclohexene.

6 emonstrated for a diene and a trisubstituted cyclohexene.

7 favored boat-like transition state leads to cyclohexene.

8 f toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, indene, and cyclohexene.

9 n, butadiene and ethylene combine to produce cyclohexene.

10 of Mo-SIM was tested for the epoxidation of cyclohexene.

11 a majority of cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene.

12 dol cascade is an underdeveloped approach to cyclohexenes.

13 iaries provided access to chiral, nonracemic cyclohexenes.

14 iastereoselective double Heck cyclization of cyclohexenes 1 and 3 that form contiguous quaternary ste

15 electivity for epoxide (CzFe(III)/C(6)F(5)IO/cyclohexene (1:100:1000) in CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH (3:1 v:v)

16 (2)C) with six alkenes (tetramethylethylene, cyclohexene, 1-hexene, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, a

17 bitor, guanosine 5'-[1D-(1,3,4/2)-5-methyl-5-cyclohexene-1,2,3,4-tetrol 1-diphosphate] (1) have been

18 he symmetry of the hydrogen bond in hydrogen cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylate monoanion was determined i

19 e racemic 1,2-syn-2,3-anti-3-(hydroxyaryl)-4-cyclohexene-1,2-diols, whereas exhaustive osmoylation gi

20 ,4-Grignard addition-methylations to 3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile.

21 m(II)-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene-1-carbonyl indole amides yielding the corres

22 is solvent system naphthalene and 3-methyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one were reduced to isotetralin (74%) and

23 xene epoxidation and hydroxylation to give 1-cyclohexene-3-ol, and cis- or trans-butene epoxidation (

24 (R) derivatives of 1-thyminyl and 9-adeninyl cyclohexene: 3 --> T-4a + T-4b and 3 --> A-5a + A-5b.

25 Vicinal dibromide 30b gave the Zaitsev cyclohexene 45 as the only product.

26 yl cyclobut-1-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate (1) with cyclohexene (7) afforded two photoadducts 8 and 9 in 44%

27 3LYP theory) to be 62.4 kcal/mol, with trans-cyclohexene (7) lying 53.3 kcal/mol above cis isomer 9.

28 s-trans-1,3-butadiene (1) should yield trans-cyclohexene (7), just as reaction of the s-cis conformer

29 The barrier to pi-bond rotation in cis-cyclohexene (9) is predicted (B3LYP theory) to be 62.4 k

30 as reaction of the s-cis conformer gives cis-cyclohexene (9).

31 CIs from the ozonolysis of cyclohexene, acting as surrogate for cyclic terpenes, ar

32 At 100 K, cyclohexene adsorbs as intact di-sigma bonded cyclohexen

33 rom a mixture of the seven deuterium-labeled cyclohexenes allow quantitative analytical assessments o

34 Four cyclohexene analogues of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

35 of enthalpic barriers for CCl2 additions to cyclohexene and 1-hexene.

36 The catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene is investigated expe

37 long with decreased allylic hydroxylation of cyclohexene and butene.

38 Fully deuterated cyclohexene and cis-6-nonenal ozonolysis, as well as the

39 The lifetime of 1BpCMe is the same in cyclohexene and cyclohexane.

40 exenone and cyclopentenone) and symmetrical (cyclohexene and cyclopentene) ethene bridges.

41 with respect to increasing concentrations of cyclohexene and H2O2.

42 d similar to that found in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene and limonene.

43 shifts leading to carbene intermediates from cyclohexene and norbornene have been studied using CASSC

44 rifluoroacetate catalyzed dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and related cyclic olefins into aromatics.

45 Bronsted acid sites hinder the adsorption of cyclohexene and the formation of a carbenium ion.

46 y phosphine oxides gives 3,4-bis(phosphinoyl)cyclohexenes and 2,3-bis(phosphinoyl)cyclohexenes throug

47 nd selective access to highly functionalized cyclohexenes and cyclohexadienes and is orthogonal to ex

48 ed by mixtures of the four isomeric 3,4-d(2)-cyclohexenes and the three isomeric 3,6-d(2)-cyclohexene

49 nd 3,5-dinitro-PhCCl to tetramethylethylene, cyclohexene, and 1-hexene have been determined in decane

50 tions to three alkenes (tetramethylethylene, cyclohexene, and 1-hexene).

51 (3,5-DN-PhCCl) to tetramethylethylene (TME), cyclohexene, and 1-hexene.

52 nes such as trans-methylstilbene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, representing one

53 ethylsilyloxy)ethylene, 1-(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexene, and 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)furan underwent cl

54 moallylic amines (derived from cyclopentene, cyclohexene, and cycloheptene) have been investigated, a

55 alytic behavior, hydrogenations of ethylene, cyclohexene, and cyclooctene as model reactions were car

56 n part by design since only acetone solvent, cyclohexene, and H(2) are possible ligands in the result

57 for styrene, k = 2.5 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) for cyclohexene, and k = 7.7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) for ethylbe

58 are also effective in selective oxidation of cyclohexene, and that solubilized Pt clusters are also c

59 f Delta(f)H298 for monosubstituted benzenes, cyclohexenes, and cyclohexanes, 24 of which are not in t

60 reactive site but different molecular size (cyclohexene approximately 0.5 nm, cholesteryl acetate ap

61 s between this substituent and the C3 of the cyclohexene are avoided in the favored insertion topogra

62 The SE for E-cycloheptene and E-cyclohexene are calculated to be 25.2 and 49.3 kcal/mol

63 t the adsorption and subsequent reactions of cyclohexene are unique on the monolayer Ni surface as co

64 relative to the corresponding 4-substituted cyclohexenes are presented for benzene, toluene, aniline

65 zed the dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of cyclohexene as probe reactions to compare the chemical r

66 We use substituted cyclohexenes as analogues for atmospherically important

67 In addition, complex 2 reacts with excess cyclohexene at -42 degrees C to give 1.

68 Based on these advantages, diene- and cyclohexene-based nucleotide triphosphates are expected

69 Derivatizations avail cyclohexenes bearing four contiguous stereogenic centers

70 ization of alpha,omega-heptadienes to afford cyclohexenes bearing quaternary carbon centers.

71 Kinetic studies on the oxidations of cyclohexene, benzyl alcohol, phenol, and trans-stilbene

72 d with the first-order transition states for cyclohexene boat-to-boat inversions enables quantificati

73 ns of the E and the configurationally stable cyclohexene-bridged Z-derivatives are spin-delocalized o

74 the enantiomerically pure cyclopentenone and cyclohexene building blocks 5 and 6, which constitute A

75 roduct when the photolysis is carried out in cyclohexene but the carbene-alkene cycloadduct could be

76 mal reactions converting vinylcyclobutane to cyclohexene, butadiene, and ethylene.

77 us oxidations of a substituted phenol and of cyclohexene by molecular O(2) using transition metal cat

78 dized organic compounds in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene (C6H10) was investigated by means of laborat

79 tion enthalpy of benzene relative to that of cyclohexene, called for many years the "resonance energy

80 exene carbonate) and the cyclic side product cyclohexene carbonate are calculated, by determining the

81 ctivation energies for the formation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) and the cyclic side product cyclo

82 as a renewable chain transfer reagent, poly(cyclohexene carbonate) polyols are synthesized with high

83 spectrometry are employed to study the poly(cyclohexene carbonate) produced, and reveal bimodal mole

84 n the case of CHO perfectly alternating poly(cyclohexene carbonate) were obtained and TON values were

85 ioxide and cyclohexene oxide to produce poly(cyclohexene carbonate), catalyzed by a dizinc acetate co

86 Biaryl cyclohexene carboxylic acids were discovered as full and

87 In the case of cyclohexene, complex 1 performs on a par with one of the

88 Analogous eta(2)-ethylene and eta(2)-cyclohexene complexes were also synthesized, and the lat

89 These TAK-242-based cyclohexene compounds demonstrated robust reactivity, an

90 ) was observed in monosubstituted alkene and cyclohexene concentrations.

91 Additionally, HSA-cyclohexene conjugates maintained higher levels of stabi

92 ng a mixture of vinylcyclobutane (2 + 2) and cyclohexene-containing cycloadducts (4 + 2).

93 y transformation in the biosynthesis of many cyclohexene-containing secondary metabolites.

94 )) added stereospecifically to cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene to giv

95 ween the ion 5 (m/z = 261) and cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene resulted in t

96 ies for pi-ligand exchange for cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene.

97 At 281 K, cyclohexene dehydrogenates upon adsorption, forming adso

98 1 from Eyring plots for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene (DeltaG() = 17.2 +/- 1.0 kcal/mol) and 1-met

99 ation of cyclobutene 1-carboxylic esters and cyclohexene derivatives with the precatalyst [(H(2)IMes)

100 erived allylic amines as compared with their cyclohexene-derived allylic and homoallylic amine counte

101 tigations indicate a different reactivity of cyclohexene-derived CIs compared with that of simple CIs

102 ficantly influences the CI reactivity of the cyclohexene-derived CIs.

103 to the formation of previously inaccessible cyclohexene-derived silacyclopropanes.

104 astereoselective double Heck cyclizations of cyclohexene diamides 1 and 3 form contiguous quaternary

105 N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexene diamine, has been shown to be an effective c

106 entyne, but those involving spirodiene 2 and cyclohexene do.

107 epared from the pendent alkenyl chain of the cyclohexene domain was reacted with the (E)-iodoalkene a

108 and R,R-1,2-di(2'-diphenylphosphinobenzamido)cyclohexene efficiently induced the alkylation process w

109 that these group IV and V materials catalyze cyclohexene epoxidation and H2O2 decomposition through l

110 Styrene epoxidation, cyclohexene epoxidation and hydroxylation to give 1-cycl

111 ng TiSi3 on the SBA-15 affords highly active cyclohexene epoxidation catalysts (0.25-1.77 wt % Ti loa

112 Kinetic analyses of cyclohexene epoxidation confirmed that the active sites

113 numbers greater than four, and 20-fold lower cyclohexene epoxidation rate constants (per Ti) than on

114 d with a silanol on a SiO2 surface increases cyclohexene epoxidation rates with tert-butyl hydroperox

115 The reaction kinetics of cyclohexene epoxidation using aqueous H2O2 oxidant and t

116 ants were independent of surface density for cyclohexene epoxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1

117 s employed for synthesis of activated 2-halo-cyclohexene F-ring fragments.

118 ion provides good yields of optically active cyclohexenes featuring diverse substitution patterns and

119 (R) derivatives of 1-thyminyl and 9-adeninyl cyclohexene from 3 is most probably a rearrangement mech

120 ohexanol from cyclohexane hydroxylation, and cyclohexene from cyclohexane carboxaldehyde deformylatio

121 Removal of the volatile cyclohexene from the reaction mixture into an evacuated

122 cid fluorides and TMS dienol ethers provides cyclohexene fused beta-lactone intermediates stable belo

123 ong one-electron oxidant, in the presence of cyclohexene gives an efficient synthetic route to 1,2-su

124 Interestingly, treatment of 1 with cyclohexene gives cyclohexane and 4 via a titanium-media

125 reagents to produce diastereomerically pure cyclohexenes (>20:1 dr) with up to four contiguous stere

126 cyclohexenes and the three isomeric 3,6-d(2)-cyclohexenes has been solved through a novel one-dimensi

127 ghly strained cyclopropene to the unstrained cyclohexene, have been studied with density functional t

128 ived catalyst in the simple test reaction of cyclohexene hydrogenation and in comparison to two liter

129 However, the same methods reveal that the cyclohexene hydrogenation catalyst derived from 1 at the

130 problem of identifying the true benzene and cyclohexene hydrogenation catalysts derived from [Rh(eta

131 old question of whether the true benzene and cyclohexene hydrogenation catalysts derived from the org

132 st could be successfully monitored by a fast cyclohexene hydrogenation catalytic reporter reaction me

133 s were also successfully monitored using the cyclohexene hydrogenation reporter reaction method previ

134 Different activation energies for cyclohexene hydrogenation were obtained for nanostructur

135 lifetime (> or = 220,000 total turnovers of cyclohexene hydrogenation) are observed, in part by desi

136 ults show high activity for the ethylene and cyclohexene hydrogenations but not in the cyclooctene hy

137 glet fluorenylidene reacts with methanol and cyclohexene in competition with relaxation to 3Fl.

138 yzed phenol alkylation with cyclohexanol and cyclohexene in the apolar solvent decalin has been studi

139 tive bromine species that can be captured by cyclohexene in two-phase systems.

140 d the Heck reaction between dihydrofuran and cyclohexene in up to 86% ee.

141 ra substituents hydroaminate olefins such as cyclohexene in yields greater than 95% at 90 degrees C.

142 al assessments of the four possible 3,4-d(2)-cyclohexenes in the mixture.

143 generate a wide variety of amine-substituted cyclohexenes including new hydrindan and decalin derivat

144 The faster k(pol) value for the 5-cyclohexene-indole derivative indicates that pi-electron

145 ic efficiency for the incorporation of the 5-cyclohexene-indole derivative opposite an abasic site is

146 olled synthesis of the highly functionalized cyclohexene inhibitor that features an asymmetric aldol

147 -Br(-) system generated a gas that converted cyclohexene into 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclohexane, implicatin

148 The partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene is an economically interesting and technical

149 Cyclohexene is converted into enantiomerically pure cis-

150 uilibrium, a secondary product, cyclohexyl-1-cyclohexene is formed.

151 s directly formed in a protonation step when cyclohexene is the coreactant.

152 iazeniumdiolate derived from 1-(N-morpholino)cyclohexene is unique among the new compounds in that it

153 HREELS and NEXAFS studies show that cyclohexene is weakly pi-bonded on monolayer Ni/Pt(111)

154 ynthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes and cyclohexenes is described.

155 The catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexenes is showcased in an efficient route to a pht

156 reactions were performed in cyclohexane and cyclohexene, isomerization of 3 was favored.

157 asymmetric epoxidation of cyclic enones and cyclohexene ketones with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, prov

158 leotide carrying a peptide via a Diels-Alder cyclohexene linkage was prepared and sequence-specifical

159 While it has long been speculated that the cyclohexene moiety found in many secondary metabolites i

160 m the inability of the cyclobutene ester and cyclohexene monomers to undergo homopolymerization in co

161 2)Cl(2) solvent reveal that DMDO reacts with cyclohexene much faster than peracetic acid/acetic acid

162 ds (FANAs), hexitol nucleic acids (HNAs) and cyclohexene nucleic acids (CeNAs), which require approxi

163 acids, FANA; hexitol nucleic acids, HNA; and cyclohexene nucleic acids, CeNA) directly from random XN

164 as the stable end products, with benzene and cyclohexene observed as intermediates.

165 ard enthalpy of formation of di-sigma bonded cyclohexene on Pt(111) at low coverages of -135 kJ/mol a

166 s below 0.10 ML, the sticking probability of cyclohexene on Pt(111) is close to unity (>0.95), indepe

167 at of adsorption and sticking probability of cyclohexene on Pt(111) were measured as a function of co

168 yclohexene adsorbs as intact di-sigma bonded cyclohexene on Pt(111), and the heat of adsorption is we

169 f precursor porphyrins, annealed with either cyclohexene or dihydronaphthalene fragments.

170 ding on the nature of the substrate (ethene, cyclohexene, or diethyl 2-benzylidenesuccinate) and the

171 Copolymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2 with (BDI-1)ZnX [(BDI-1)

172 and copolymerization behavior with CO(2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) are reported.

173 liodonium-induced cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) or THF.

174 mers made of CO2 and propylene oxide (PO) or cyclohexene oxide (CHO) were indeed obtained.

175 rizations of (rac)-beta-butyrolactone (BBL), cyclohexene oxide (CHO), and carbon dioxide were realize

176 The mechanism of the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to afford poly(cycl

177 be an effective catalyst for the coupling of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to afford poly(cycl

178 nesium catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide, active under just

179 Near-quantitative yields of cyclohexene oxide and the ring-opened 1,2-cyclohexanedio

180 ocatalyst in the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide catalyzed by chromium salen derivative

181 nium salts toward the photopolymerization of cyclohexene oxide depend on the counterion and the sulfo

182 of 2-cyclohexenone and 2-cycloheptenone open cyclohexene oxide in 60-62% yields and with 32-95:1 dias

183 Cyclohexene oxide is known to rearrange via a syn beta-e

184 he reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides (cyclohexene oxide or propylene oxide) using the (salen)C

185 Cyclohexene oxide polymerization could be "switched off"

186 f the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide to produce poly(cyclohexene carbonate)

187 A common reaction pathway for alicyclic (cyclohexene oxide) and aliphatic (propylene oxide) carbo

188 ferent classes of epoxides, i.e., alicyclic (cyclohexene oxide) and aliphatic (propylene oxide).

189 r 1 h, resulting in a 78% conversion to poly(cyclohexene oxide) with an average molecular weight (MW)

190 In solutions containing cyclohexene oxide, [CpFebz]+ generates several photoprod

191 n of 17AAG with human hepatic microsomes and cyclohexene oxide, a known inhibitor of microsomal epoxi

192 zinc catalyst and a mixture of caprolactone, cyclohexene oxide, and carbon dioxide enables the select

193 ethenation of benzene, the polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, and the oligomerization of ethene to

194 of four model monomers-epsilon-caprolactone, cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and carbon dioxid

195 , is only a weak Lewis acid, and polymerizes cyclohexene oxide.

196 catalyst concentration and concentration of cyclohexene oxide.

197 Unlike the cyclohexene oxide/carbon dioxide reaction catalyzed by c

198 As previously demonstrated for the cyclohexene oxide/CO(2) reaction in the presence of comp

199 nones nucleophilically open cyclopentene and cyclohexene oxides in 57-76% yields and with 4-8:1 diast

200 catalyzed isomerization of cyclopentene- and cyclohexene oxides.

201 Deuterated cyclohexene ozonolysis resulted in a less oxidized produ

202 1 in monomers and O/C > 0.55 in dimers) from cyclohexene ozonolysis was determined as (4.5 +/- 3.8)%.

203 ylation of monosubstituted cyclopentenes and cyclohexenes proceeds with excellent regio- and diastere

204 The highly substituted cyclohexene products could be functionalized stereoselec

205 d by a beta-dicarbonyl Michael donor to form cyclohexene products.

206 In contrast, a trapping experiment with cyclohexene provided no evidence to support an alternati

207 [graph: see text] The vinylcyclobutane-cyclohexene rearrangement has been studied computational

208 cycloaddition followed by a vinylcyclobutane-cyclohexene rearrangement.

209 ies of 57 and 62 kJ/mol for cyclopentene and cyclohexene, respectively, with transition states for pi

210 of 17.8 and 19.3 kJ/mol for cyclopentene and cyclohexene, respectively.

211 cycloalkenes increases from cyclopropene to cyclohexene, resulting in an increase in activation barr

212 Halogen exchange and cyclohexene ring epoxidation were well tolerated, while

213 transannular [4+2] cycloaddition to form the cyclohexene ring in spinosyn A.

214 o calculate the possible orientations of the cyclohexene ring in the membrane.

215 is a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction in which a cyclohexene ring is formed between a 1,3-diene and an el

216 ted enyne-allenes, fused to cyclopentene and cyclohexene ring systems, were synthesized and treated w

217 ne of the geminal methyl groups on C1 of the cyclohexene ring.

218 ents at 2' (R2) and 3' (R1) positions on the cyclohexene ring.

219 ents at 2' (R1) and 3' (R2) positions on the cyclohexene ring] as cancer chemopreventive agents.

220 e olefin metathesis reaction to deliver both cyclohexene rings of the target.

221 influenza neuraminidase inhibitors with the cyclohexene scaffold containing lipophilic side chains h

222 , cyclopentene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD), or cyclohexene-showed that, with the exception of cyclohexe

223 The kinetic order in cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 and cyclohexene were dete

224 Kinetic studies of the reactions of cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 and monosubstituted alken

225 nd thermodynamic studies of the reactions of cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 and monosubstituted alken

226 Di-tert-butylsilylene was transferred from cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 to an alkene through the

227 The kinetic order in cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 was determined to be one.

228 A cyclohexene subunit corresponding to the C1-C8, C19-C24

229 In contrast, poly(cyclohexene sulfone) appears as a collection of Pt-C-coa

230 ions of poly(1-tetradecene sulfone) and poly(cyclohexene sulfone) cast from very dilute solutions (0.

231 In cyclohexene, the lifetime of 1BpCH is shortened relative

232 11) surface to D2 prior to the adsorption of cyclohexene, the total yield of the normal and deuterate

233 clohexene-showed that, with the exception of cyclohexene, they react readily, affording C-H activatio

234 e Diels-Alder reactions of the cycloalkenes, cyclohexene through cyclopropene, with a series of diene

235 phinoyl)cyclohexenes and 2,3-bis(phosphinoyl)cyclohexenes through an in situ isomerization of one of

236 on pathway for the complete decomposition of cyclohexene to atomic carbon and hydrogen, which has a s

237 d for aerobic dehydrogenation of substituted cyclohexenes to the corresponding arene derivatives.

238 sing hydrogenation of the hydrogen acceptor (cyclohexene) to generate a Rh(I)-silyl species, followed

239 ng the intermolecular sp(3) C-H amination of cyclohexene using unprotected anilines to provide access

240 Cyclohexene was reduced to cyclohexane by 8 at 80 degree

241 s well as in their subsequent epoxidation of cyclohexene, was examined in aqueous acetonitrile.

242 order in cyclohexene silacyclopropane 1 and cyclohexene were determined to be 1 and -1, respectively

243 The reaction pathways of cyclohexene were investigated using temperature-programm

244 but not bulkier alkenes such as 2-butene or cyclohexene, were catalyzed by 1-H+ and the edt (SCH2CH2

245 xidative cleavage of extensively substituted cyclohexenes, which have in turn been assembled in a ste

246 ivity and selectivity for the epoxidation of cyclohexene with cumene hydroperoxide as oxidant.

247 rimer effect" observed in the bromination of cyclohexene with H(2)O(2) and NaBr catalyzed by the addi

248 ion energy DeltaG() for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene with precatalyst 2 was determined to be 21.1

249 group in cyclohexanol and the double bond in cyclohexene with respect to the (13) C label.

250 hich was elaborated into cyclohexadienes and cyclohexenes with ee's ranging from 92 to 99%.

251 o-1,3-diene, affording highly functionalized cyclohexenes with high endo diastereoselectivity.

252 y of 1,3-disubstituted and 1,6-disubstituted cyclohexenes with the stereogenic centers at allylic pos

253 eaction that generates highly functionalized cyclohexenes with up to four stereocenters, in up to 97%