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1 isease was negatively correlated with plasma cystine).
2 ls (e.g., l-cysteine) into disulfides (e.g., cystine).
3 ntiporter that exports glutamate and imports cystine.
4 alyze the aerobic oxidation of l-cysteine to cystine.
5 d disulfide-rich proteins as a key source of cystine.
6 ulated sulfur pools containing H2S, Cys, and cystine.
7  synthesis, or when cells were deprived of L-cystine.
8 vidence suggests that it is a vestigial half-cystine.
9 etal-organic frameworks, calcite, urea and l-cystine.
10 uria by increasing the solubility of urinary cystine.
11 ystinosin rather than to the accumulation of cystine.
12 detecting and quantitating insoluble urinary cystine.
13  antioxidant role by exporting glutamate for cystine.
14 e, we critically evaluated the importance of cystine 186-cystine 209 (Cys186-Cys209) bond formation f
15 ally evaluated the importance of cystine 186-cystine 209 (Cys186-Cys209) bond formation for TF procoa
16 logical concentrations of cysteine (10 mum), cystine (50 mum) and glutamate (100 mum) in order to pre
17                                              Cystine A11-B10 occupies a unique position on the molecu
18    We find that levels of a single nutrient, cystine, accounts for the differential dependence on glu
19                                              Cystine accumulates in every organ in the body and leads
20 increasing evidence supports the notion that cystine accumulation alone is not responsible for the en
21 only a Ctns knockout mouse reported, showing cystine accumulation and late signs of tubular dysfuncti
22 efective cystinosin function, intralysosomal cystine accumulation and the development of cystinosis.
23  that lysosomal storage triggered by soluble cystine accumulation induces apical PTC dedifferentiatio
24                                    Lysosomal cystine accumulation leads to crystal formation and func
25              Cystinotic mutant larvae showed cystine accumulation, delayed development, and signs of
26  glutamine indirectly supports environmental cystine acquisition via the xCT antiporter, which is exp
27                            We found that the cystine-addicted breast cancer cells and tumors have str
28 ctivating pre-existing oncogenic pathways in cystine-addicted TNBC with prominent mesenchymal feature
29                             In addition, the cystine addiction phenotype can be abrogated in the cyst
30                                          The cystine addiction phenotype is associated with a higher
31 pe by modulating the signaling components of cystine addiction.
32               Together, our data reveal that cystine-addiction is associated with EMT in breast cance
33 ndependent breast cancer cells conferred the cystine-addiction phenotype by modulating the signaling
34  addiction phenotype can be abrogated in the cystine-addictive cells by miR-200c, which converts the
35 is a four-fold increase in vasopressinase, a cystine aminopeptidase produced by placental trophoblast
36                   Product analysis indicated cystine and cysteine sulfinic acid were the major photoo
37                    In summary, MDSCs consume cystine and do not return cysteine to their microenviron
38 ulfidation in cells in response to exogenous cystine and evidence for the formation of polysulfides u
39  that added cysteine abiotically oxidizes to cystine and exponentially growing E. coli degrade high c
40 rter is the major mechanism for transport of cystine and glutamate and modulates the intracellular gl
41 d transcriptional repression of system xc(-) cystine and glutamate antiporter via the JAK/STAT1 pathw
42 cell recordings in acute slices and measured cystine and glutamate uptake in primary glial cultures.
43 ansporter (system xC(-)) is an antiporter of cystine and glutamate.
44 ced (cysteine and glutathione) and oxidized (cystine and glutathione disulphide) aminothiols were qua
45 ynthesize cysteine persulfide (Cys-SSH) from cystine and H2S from cysteine and/or homocysteine.
46 in vitro screening of compounds similar to L-cystine and L-Glu.
47 haracteristics of both natural substrates, L-cystine and L-glutamate (L-Glu).
48                                         High cystine and low glutathione levels (>+1 SD and <-1 SD, r
49 effect of adding tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, cystine and lysine as surimi gelation enhancers (Alaska
50 ical properties of the gels were determined, cystine and lysine were found to be the most effective a
51   Amino acid score ranged from 37 to 38 with cystine and methionine as limiting amino acid.
52 ady-state and transient currents elicited by cystine and neutralization-scanning mutagenesis of conse
53  xc- transporter and therefore cannot import cystine and reduce it intracellularly to cysteine.
54 s, oxidative stress markers (glutathione and cystine), and arterial stiffness were evaluated.
55                                    Cysteine, cystine, and inflammatory chemokines and reactive oxygen
56                             Selenite, seleno-cystine, and seleno-methionine exert this effect but sel
57                                The glutamate/cystine antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SL
58         Glutamate inhibits the xCT glutamate-cystine antiporter, leading to intracellular cysteine de
59                     Our QM/MM simulations of cystine as a model system take conformational dynamics a
60 ter hydrochlorides of serine, threonine, and cystine as a nitrogen source.
61 on and quantification of vitreous humor (VH) cystine as well as provide the portability for on spot d
62 eabsorption that results in the formation of cystine-based urinary stones.
63 onserved protonatable residues, we show that cystine binding is coupled to protonation of a clinicall
64           l-Cystine bismorpholide (1a) and l-cystine bis(N'-methylpiperazide) (1b) were seven and twe
65                                            l-Cystine bismorpholide (1a) and l-cystine bis(N'-methylpi
66 ngineered by introduction of a nonperturbing cystine bridge (FVIIa Q64C-sTF G109C) in the interface.
67 upied glycosylation sites and six intrachain cystine bridges with Cys-158 of the very flexible N-term
68 ituting the cysteines forming this interloop cystine by all 20 amino acids, we selected and character
69 ences (other reduced sulfides methionine and cystine, carboxylate, salt (MgCl(2))), carboxylates sign
70  brucella broth with thioglycolic acid and l-cystine (CDBB-TC), for the detection of C. difficile fro
71 ed lysosomal overload, manifested as reduced cystine cellular content.
72 there is a linear correlation between the VH cystine concentration and TSD as the concentration of cy
73 D (the dependent variable), RGB intensity of cystine concentration till 24h (the independent variable
74 ore rapid and frequent monitoring of urinary cystine concentration would significantly improve the di
75                               Intralysosomal cystine crystal accumulation, due to mutations in the CT
76 crystal growth by L-cystine "imposters" at L-cystine crystal surfaces has been suggested as a plausib
77 y other crystalline inflammasome activators, cystine crystal-induced IL-1beta secretion required acti
78 oxygen species, and potassium efflux reduced cystine crystal-induced IL-1beta secretion.
79 tine, respectively, effectively inhibiting l-cystine crystallization.
80 vel, amorphous lysosomal inclusions preceded cystine crystals and eventual atrophy without crystals.
81 ed PTC apoptosis allowed luminal shedding of cystine crystals and was partially compensated for by tu
82  Taken together, these data demonstrate that cystine crystals are endogenous inflammasome-activating
83  to other host-derived crystalline moieties, cystine crystals can induce IL-1beta production through
84 oscopy of step propagation on pathological L-cystine crystals did indeed show spirals and islands wit
85  investigated the proinflammatory effects of cystine crystals in primary human PBMCs.
86 ivating stimuli, suggesting a novel role for cystine crystals in the pathogenesis of nephropathic cys
87             LPS-primed PBMCs stimulated with cystine crystals secreted IL-1beta in a dose-dependent m
88 ion was prevented, and deposition of corneal cystine crystals was significantly improved in the BMC-t
89                      Additionally, exogenous cystine crystals were internalized by monocytes, and inh
90                   L-CDME and L-CME produce l-cystine crystals with different habits that reveal disti
91 at is predominantly in its disulfide form, L-cystine (CSSC), via the xCT(-) transporter.
92 n which sulfide produced by CdsH reacts with cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys), S-sulfocysteine (Cys-S-SO3 (-)),
93                           Cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS) are the predominant thiol/disulfide redox
94 and plasma concentrations of cysteine (Cys), cystine (CySS), glutathione (GSH), isoprostane (IsoP), a
95                                    Cysteine, cystine (CySS), glutathione, isoprostane, and isofuran w
96      Thus, Nrf1 controls both the FA and the cystine/cysteine content of hepatocytes by participating
97  imported via xCT, xAG, or potentially other cystine/cysteine importing systems.
98 the platform's capabilities by identifying a cystine-dense peptide capable of inhibiting the YAP:TEAD
99                                              Cystine-dense peptides have the potential to disrupt suc
100 be a platform for identifying target-binding cystine-dense peptides using mammalian surface display,
101  platform provides the opportunity to screen cystine-dense peptides with drug-like qualities against
102 ld be ameliorated with cysteamine, the human cystine depleting therapy.
103 op new treatments not dependent on lysosomal cystine depletion alone for this devastating disease.
104 ailure, and progressive renal injury despite cystine-depletion therapies.
105           Together, our findings reveal that cystine deprivation in VHL-deficient RCCs presents an at
106                                We found that cystine deprivation triggered rapid programmed necrosis
107                    This screen revealed that cystine deprivation triggered rapid programmed necrosis,
108                                 Importantly, cystine deprivation triggered similar metabolic changes
109 genetic and mechanistic basis to explain how cystine deprivation triggers necrosis by activating pre-
110 oxa pathways that render them susceptible to cystine deprivation-induced necrosis.
111 -independent and exhibit little death during cystine deprivation.
112 t cells susceptible to necrosis triggered by cystine deprivation.
113 enotype is associated with a higher level of cystine-deprivation signatures noted in the basal type b
114 g of TNFalpha and MEKK4 dramatically reduces cystine-deprived death.
115 K1/RIPK3)-MLKL necrosis pathways potentiated cystine-deprived necrosis.
116               In contrast, Asp in silk, pure cystine (dimer of cysteine), and asparagine (Asn) did no
117  and twenty-four times more effective than l-cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) in increasing the metastab
118 atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that L-cystine dimethylester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methylester
119 caused by the accumulation of the amino acid cystine due to genetic defects in the CTNS gene, which e
120 aracterized by defective lysosomal efflux of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the l
121 densation of two nontoxic building blocks: L-cystine ester and versatile fatty diacids, which make th
122                    Cystinosin, the lysosomal cystine exporter defective in cystinosis, is the foundin
123                    Exchange of extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate by the antiporter sy
124 ), the transporter responsible for uptake of cystine for the production of glutathione.
125 s the proteolysis-derived dimeric amino acid cystine from lysosomes and is impaired in cystinosis.
126 e for transporting the disulphide amino acid cystine from the lysosomal compartment into the cytosol.
127 abolism in cancer via phosphorylation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT.
128 aine in high-intake rats may involve blunted cystine-glutamate exchange by system x(c(-)).
129   RNA sequencing revealed that inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchange leads to activation of an ER
130  N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a stimulator of the cystine-glutamate exchanger, attenuates the cognitive an
131 rom the tumor mediated by the system x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate transporter (encoded by Slc7a11).
132         SLC7A11 encodes a subunit of the xCT cystine/glutamate amino-acid transport system and has a
133 ke glutamate, inhibits cystine uptake by the cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x(c)(-)), creating
134       Furthermore, glutamate released by the cystine/glutamate antiporter activated extrasynaptic, bu
135  contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter dramatically attenuated isc
136 h control animals, mice lacking a functional cystine/glutamate antiporter exhibited reduced anoxic de
137        Finally, PET imaging showed increased cystine/glutamate antiporter function in ischemic rats.
138          Altogether, these data suggest that cystine/glutamate antiporter function is increased in is
139 zymes was unchanged, xCT, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x(c)(-), was signifi
140 dentified xCT, the functional subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(-), as a surface
141     System xc(-) is a heteromeric amino acid cystine/glutamate antiporter that is constitutively expr
142 genes, including SLC7A11, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter that regulates reactive oxy
143  levels dictate glutamine dependence via the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT/SLC7A11.
144 SLC7A11), the light chain of system xc-, the cystine/glutamate antiporter, suggests that PCP also reg
145         Glutathione synthesis depends on the cystine/glutamate antiporter, which transports the rate-
146 xpression of SLC7A11, a key component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter.
147 e release from rat brain synaptosomes or the cystine/glutamate exchange in astrocytes.
148 he JCI, Soria and colleagues reveal that the cystine/glutamate exchanger is an important source of ex
149 he expression and functional activity of the cystine/glutamate exchanger SLC7A11 (system xc(-)), a tr
150  7, member 11 (Slc7a11) is a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchanger that provides intracellular
151 g substrate in glutathione biosynthesis, the cystine/glutamate transporter (system xc(-)) represents
152 (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Bach1, cystine/glutamate transporter, and glutamate cysteine li
153 tress, quantified by the plasma aminothiols, cystine, glutathione, and their ratio, is associated wit
154                    Furthermore, the ratio of cystine/glutathione was also significantly associated wi
155                         ApoA-I(Milano) forms cystine homodimers that would not allow the protein to a
156   Although inhibition of crystal growth by L-cystine "imposters" at L-cystine crystal surfaces has be
157 ATR-FTIR) to detect and quantitate insoluble cystine in 22 cystinuric and 5 healthy control urine sam
158 cystinosis, characterized by accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes, is caused by mutations in CTNS
159 oncentration and TSD as the concentration of cystine increases up to 96h+/-3.9h.
160 ntrast, luminal-type breast cancer cells are cystine-independent and exhibit little death during cyst
161 f epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cystine-independent breast cancer cells conferred the cy
162 we show that inhibiting antiporter uptake of cystine interferes with presentation of exogenous Ag to
163 which transports the rate-limiting precursor cystine into the cell in exchange for glutamate.
164  lysosomal clearance of free and crystalline cystine into urine and ongoing tissue repair.
165                         Crystallization of L-cystine is a critical step in the pathogenesis of cystin
166                                              Cystine is poorly soluble in urine with a solubility of
167       If cystine then becomes available, the cystine is rapidly overimported and reduced, leading to
168 le sulfur source, but are also apparent when cystine is used or in rich media.
169 xpression, in conjunction with environmental cystine, is necessary and sufficient to increase glutami
170                        The pathogenesis of L-cystine kidney stones involves four critical steps: nucl
171 ne is a critical step in the pathogenesis of cystine kidney stones.
172 fide bonds, collectively known as the cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif.
173 t form a knotted structure known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK).
174                               The C-terminal cystine knot (CK) (CTCK) domain in von Willebrand factor
175 the toxin comprises a well-defined inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) backbone region and a flexible C-term
176  of the three-disulfide-containing inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif found widely in animals and pla
177 MR spectroscopy revealed a classic inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif.
178 pattern C-C-CC-C-C that forms the inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) or knottin motif.
179  reported to adopt a well-defined inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) scaffold structure.
180 da venatoria toxin 2 (HpTx2) is an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK)-gating modifier toxin that selectivel
181 ion to synthesize dimers of integrin-binding cystine knot (knottin) miniproteins with low-picomolar b
182 d illuminated with a fluorescent, engineered cystine knot (knottin) peptide that binds with high affi
183 d to engineer a small, disulfide-constrained cystine knot (knottin) peptide that bound to alpha(v)bet
184                                              Cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors are cysteine-rich,
185                   Similar to other knottins, cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors are highly resista
186 n together, our results expand membership of cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors in the Apocynaceae
187                           Here, we show that cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors named alstotides d
188 oline bonds, characteristics shared by other cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors.
189 harmacologically active C-C-CC-C-C inhibitor cystine knot and CC-C-C motifs (168 and 44 toxins, respe
190 ng of panitide L3 showed that it possesses a cystine knot arrangement similar to cyclotides.
191 l end-to-end cyclic backbone combined with a cystine knot arrangement, making them exceptionally stab
192 l receptor ectodomain (ECD) with the Spatzle cystine knot domain dimer.
193                               The C-terminal cystine knot domain dimerizes end-to-end in a manner pre
194 that Hi1a comprises two homologous inhibitor cystine knot domains separated by a short, structurally
195 cture with each monomer adopting a conserved cystine knot fold.
196                   The conserved motif of the cystine knot is CX3CP.
197                                          The cystine knot is N-terminal to the collagen triple helix
198                                   This novel cystine knot is present in type IX collagen, too.
199  monomeric and consists of an eight-membered cystine knot motif with a fold similar to transforming g
200 tides from three different classes of cyclic cystine knot motif-containing cyclotides: Mobius (M), tr
201 de peptide was consistent with an inhibitory cystine knot motif.
202 ssue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) to C-terminal cystine knot motifs present in key angiogenic regulators
203                                          The cystine knot of Spz binds the concave face of the Toll l
204                                   First, the cystine knot of the alpha-subunit potentiates formation
205 d and allows for the proper oxidation of the cystine knot of type III collagen after the short triple
206  toxin guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX), an inhibitory cystine knot peptide that binds selectively to Kv2-type
207                                        These cystine knot peptide tracers, in particular (18)F-fluoro
208        ProTx-II and huwentoxin-IV (HWTX-IV), cystine knot peptides from tarantula venoms, preferentia
209                                              Cystine knot peptides were labeled with N-succinimidyl-4
210                         Here, we evaluated 2 cystine knot peptides, R01 and S02, previously engineere
211 ligand is the human nerve growth factor-like cystine knot protein Spatzle.
212 e V-ATPase of pea albumin 1b (PA1b), a small cystine knot protein that shows exquisitely selective in
213 own as cyclotides that possess a macrolactam-cystine knot scaffold imparting exceptional physiologica
214              GVIIJ[C24S] adopts an inhibitor cystine knot structure, with two antiparallel beta-stran
215                                    The eight cystine knot topologies that are characterized by exclus
216 ions from several venoms and characterized a cystine knot toxin called JZTx-27 from the venom of tara
217  hypothesize parallel evolution of inhibitor cystine knot toxins from Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae
218 cysteine-stabilized alpha/beta and inhibitor cystine knot types of fold.
219  was found to adopt the so-called "inhibitor cystine knot" or "knottin" fold stabilized by three disu
220 it potentiates formation of the beta-subunit cystine knot, and second, contacts between alpha-subunit
221 d here for the first time between the D4 and cystine-knot domains form a stem.
222 ain noncovalently associated with the mature cystine-knot growth factor domain after processing.
223         Norrin (Norrie Disease Protein) is a cystine-knot like growth factor.
224                                          The cystine-knot miniproteins present in tomato fruit (TCMPs
225 ocus on Drosophila bursicon, a heterodimeric cystine-knot protein that activates the G protein-couple
226  We have found that the structurally related cystine-knot protein, nerve growth factor beta (NGFbeta)
227  is a neuropeptide hormone consisting of two cystine-knot proteins (burs alpha and burs beta), respon
228 x ligands, including the family of mammalian cystine-knot proteins.
229                                          Two cystine knots are energetically preferred; however, all
230  the sustained import of L-cystine via the L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger, system x(c)(-), is rate-l
231  the role of the cyclic peptide backbone and cystine ladder in the structure, stability, and activity
232                                   The cyclic cystine ladder motif, comprising a cyclic peptide backbo
233 ed lysosomal overload induced by accumulated cystine leads to cellular abnormalities, including vesic
234                        Decrease of lysosomal cystine levels by cysteamine did not rescue mTORC1 activ
235                        Further, we show that cystine levels dictate glutamine dependence via the cyst
236 isease progression by reducing intracellular cystine levels.
237 h the resistance by altering glutathione and cystine metabolism in fibroblasts.
238 umour suppression based on p53 regulation of cystine metabolism, ROS responses and ferroptosis.
239      Amino acid analysis gave high levels of cystine/methionine, histidine and tyrosine/phenylalanine
240  with FAO/WHO recommended pattern except for cystine/methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine/phenylalanine,
241  that L-cystine dimethylester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methylester (L-CME) dramatically reduce the grow
242 cation of novel flower and palm-leaf like 3D cystine microstructures (CMs) with high uniformity havin
243 urface, which frustrates the attachment of L-cystine molecules.
244 mprinted polymer two biocompatible monomers (cystine monomer and N-vinyl caprolactam) were used, whic
245 ing due to the progressive setting up of the cystine network.
246                                              Cystine- or glutathione-bound Ag were found to be the do
247 have novel roles in addition to transporting cystine out of the lysosome.
248                                    Levels of cystine (oxidized) and glutathione (reduced) were associ
249 ter discontinuing chronic treatment with the cystine prodrug, N-acetylcysteine.
250            While a structural role as a half-cystine provides a stability basis for possible selectiv
251 % in children) and is the result of impaired cystine reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule.
252  disorder characterized by defective urinary cystine reabsorption that results in the formation of cy
253 tammetric current responses for the cysteine-cystine redox cycle in nondegassed aqueous buffer media
254  suggesting that TRP14 is a more dedicated l-cystine reductase compared with Trx1.
255                              Moreover, the l-cystine reduction with TRP14 was in contrast to that of
256 ng the metastable supersaturation range of l-cystine, respectively, effectively inhibiting l-cystine
257 macological reprogramming of a small natural cystine-rich peptide by target cells.
258  the naturally occurring hexagonal form of L-cystine single crystals and the {110} faces of the non-n
259 dSTP can accurately identify a wide range of cystine stabilized peptide toxins directly from sequence
260  or triple-stranded beta-sheet, conforming a cystine-stabilized alpha/beta scaffold (CSalpha/beta).
261 tional supplement alpha-lipoic acid inhibits cystine stone formation in the Slc3a1(-/-) mouse model o
262  can readily form microcrystals that lead to cystine stone formation, especially at low urine pH.
263 ential for devising strategies to mitigate L-cystine stone formation.
264 gesting a new pathway to the prevention of L-cystine stones by rational design of crystal growth inhi
265 -type apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I(WT)) having cystine substituted for arginine(173).
266 th medium containing thioglycolic acid and l-cystine, termed C. difficile brucella broth with thiogly
267                                           If cystine then becomes available, the cystine is rapidly o
268 tamate exchanger that provides intracellular cystine to produce glutathione, a major cellular antioxi
269 regulation of SLC7A11 augments intracellular cystine transport and increases intracellular levels of
270                Blocking antiporter-dependent cystine transport decreases intracellular glutathione le
271                                          The cystine transporter (system xC(-)) is an antiporter of c
272 ciated point mutant CTNS-K280R, which has no cystine transporter activity.
273 results show a dual role for cystinosin as a cystine transporter and as a component of the mTORC1 pat
274 t chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of gl
275 efective gene is CTNS encoding the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin.
276 ions in the CTNS gene encoding the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin.
277 epends on 3MST, whereas the CysB-regulated l-cystine transporter, TcyP, plays the principle role in t
278 ene, which encodes cystinosin, the lysosomal cystine transporter.
279 m urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and cystine trigger caspase-independent cell death in five d
280                           Serine, histidine, cystine, tryptophan, and methionine showed poor predicti
281  In this study, we show that IGF-I regulates cystine uptake and cellular redox status by activating t
282   Increased iron availability also increased cystine uptake and glutathione concentration and decreas
283               Here we show that p53 inhibits cystine uptake and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, a no
284    Indeed, erastin, like glutamate, inhibits cystine uptake by the cystine/glutamate antiporter (syst
285                                              Cystine uptake increases 3-5 fold in differentiated neur
286                                     Blocking cystine uptake significantly delayed xenograft growth of
287                                Reduced (14)C-cystine uptake through system x(c(-)) was evident in NAc
288      VEGF, glutathione secretion levels, and cystine uptake were measured.
289 rface transport system xC(-), which mediates cystine uptake, a pivotal step in glutathione synthesis
290 (mTOR) kinase, promotes glutamate secretion, cystine uptake, and incorporation into glutathione, link
291    It also enhances system x(c)(-)-dependent cystine uptake, leading to enhanced glutathione synthesi
292 e catalytic subunit of system x(c)(-), and L-cystine uptake.
293        In gliomas, the sustained import of L-cystine via the L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger, system
294                        We observed that when cystine was provided and sulfide levels rose, E. coli be
295                                              Cystine was quantitated using its 1296 cm(-1) absorption
296                             l-Cysteine and l-Cystine were determined with detection limit of 0.125% (
297 H]glutamate, d-[(3)H]aspartate, and l-[(14)C]cystine were used to trace amino acid release and uptake
298                               Strand-central cystines were found to be superior to the best designed
299  a high enzymatic activity in reduction of l-cystine, where the catalytic efficiency (2,217 min(-1)mi
300  sulfasalazine, an FDA-approved inhibitor of cystine xCT antiporter, in culture and xenograft assays.

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