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1 isease was negatively correlated with plasma cystine).
2 ls (e.g., l-cysteine) into disulfides (e.g., cystine).
3 ntiporter that exports glutamate and imports cystine.
4 alyze the aerobic oxidation of l-cysteine to cystine.
5 d disulfide-rich proteins as a key source of cystine.
6 ulated sulfur pools containing H2S, Cys, and cystine.
7 synthesis, or when cells were deprived of L-cystine.
8 vidence suggests that it is a vestigial half-cystine.
9 etal-organic frameworks, calcite, urea and l-cystine.
10 uria by increasing the solubility of urinary cystine.
11 ystinosin rather than to the accumulation of cystine.
12 detecting and quantitating insoluble urinary cystine.
13 antioxidant role by exporting glutamate for cystine.
14 e, we critically evaluated the importance of cystine 186-cystine 209 (Cys186-Cys209) bond formation f
15 ally evaluated the importance of cystine 186-cystine 209 (Cys186-Cys209) bond formation for TF procoa
16 logical concentrations of cysteine (10 mum), cystine (50 mum) and glutamate (100 mum) in order to pre
18 We find that levels of a single nutrient, cystine, accounts for the differential dependence on glu
20 increasing evidence supports the notion that cystine accumulation alone is not responsible for the en
21 only a Ctns knockout mouse reported, showing cystine accumulation and late signs of tubular dysfuncti
22 efective cystinosin function, intralysosomal cystine accumulation and the development of cystinosis.
23 that lysosomal storage triggered by soluble cystine accumulation induces apical PTC dedifferentiatio
26 glutamine indirectly supports environmental cystine acquisition via the xCT antiporter, which is exp
28 ctivating pre-existing oncogenic pathways in cystine-addicted TNBC with prominent mesenchymal feature
33 ndependent breast cancer cells conferred the cystine-addiction phenotype by modulating the signaling
34 addiction phenotype can be abrogated in the cystine-addictive cells by miR-200c, which converts the
35 is a four-fold increase in vasopressinase, a cystine aminopeptidase produced by placental trophoblast
38 ulfidation in cells in response to exogenous cystine and evidence for the formation of polysulfides u
39 that added cysteine abiotically oxidizes to cystine and exponentially growing E. coli degrade high c
40 rter is the major mechanism for transport of cystine and glutamate and modulates the intracellular gl
41 d transcriptional repression of system xc(-) cystine and glutamate antiporter via the JAK/STAT1 pathw
42 cell recordings in acute slices and measured cystine and glutamate uptake in primary glial cultures.
44 ced (cysteine and glutathione) and oxidized (cystine and glutathione disulphide) aminothiols were qua
49 effect of adding tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, cystine and lysine as surimi gelation enhancers (Alaska
50 ical properties of the gels were determined, cystine and lysine were found to be the most effective a
52 ady-state and transient currents elicited by cystine and neutralization-scanning mutagenesis of conse
61 on and quantification of vitreous humor (VH) cystine as well as provide the portability for on spot d
63 onserved protonatable residues, we show that cystine binding is coupled to protonation of a clinicall
66 ngineered by introduction of a nonperturbing cystine bridge (FVIIa Q64C-sTF G109C) in the interface.
67 upied glycosylation sites and six intrachain cystine bridges with Cys-158 of the very flexible N-term
68 ituting the cysteines forming this interloop cystine by all 20 amino acids, we selected and character
69 ences (other reduced sulfides methionine and cystine, carboxylate, salt (MgCl(2))), carboxylates sign
70 brucella broth with thioglycolic acid and l-cystine (CDBB-TC), for the detection of C. difficile fro
72 there is a linear correlation between the VH cystine concentration and TSD as the concentration of cy
73 D (the dependent variable), RGB intensity of cystine concentration till 24h (the independent variable
74 ore rapid and frequent monitoring of urinary cystine concentration would significantly improve the di
76 crystal growth by L-cystine "imposters" at L-cystine crystal surfaces has been suggested as a plausib
77 y other crystalline inflammasome activators, cystine crystal-induced IL-1beta secretion required acti
80 vel, amorphous lysosomal inclusions preceded cystine crystals and eventual atrophy without crystals.
81 ed PTC apoptosis allowed luminal shedding of cystine crystals and was partially compensated for by tu
82 Taken together, these data demonstrate that cystine crystals are endogenous inflammasome-activating
83 to other host-derived crystalline moieties, cystine crystals can induce IL-1beta production through
84 oscopy of step propagation on pathological L-cystine crystals did indeed show spirals and islands wit
86 ivating stimuli, suggesting a novel role for cystine crystals in the pathogenesis of nephropathic cys
88 ion was prevented, and deposition of corneal cystine crystals was significantly improved in the BMC-t
92 n which sulfide produced by CdsH reacts with cystine (Cys-S-S-Cys), S-sulfocysteine (Cys-S-SO3 (-)),
94 and plasma concentrations of cysteine (Cys), cystine (CySS), glutathione (GSH), isoprostane (IsoP), a
98 the platform's capabilities by identifying a cystine-dense peptide capable of inhibiting the YAP:TEAD
100 be a platform for identifying target-binding cystine-dense peptides using mammalian surface display,
101 platform provides the opportunity to screen cystine-dense peptides with drug-like qualities against
103 op new treatments not dependent on lysosomal cystine depletion alone for this devastating disease.
109 genetic and mechanistic basis to explain how cystine deprivation triggers necrosis by activating pre-
113 enotype is associated with a higher level of cystine-deprivation signatures noted in the basal type b
117 and twenty-four times more effective than l-cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) in increasing the metastab
118 atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that L-cystine dimethylester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methylester
119 caused by the accumulation of the amino acid cystine due to genetic defects in the CTNS gene, which e
120 aracterized by defective lysosomal efflux of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the l
121 densation of two nontoxic building blocks: L-cystine ester and versatile fatty diacids, which make th
125 s the proteolysis-derived dimeric amino acid cystine from lysosomes and is impaired in cystinosis.
126 e for transporting the disulphide amino acid cystine from the lysosomal compartment into the cytosol.
129 RNA sequencing revealed that inhibition of cystine-glutamate exchange leads to activation of an ER
130 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a stimulator of the cystine-glutamate exchanger, attenuates the cognitive an
131 rom the tumor mediated by the system x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate transporter (encoded by Slc7a11).
133 ke glutamate, inhibits cystine uptake by the cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x(c)(-)), creating
135 contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter dramatically attenuated isc
136 h control animals, mice lacking a functional cystine/glutamate antiporter exhibited reduced anoxic de
139 zymes was unchanged, xCT, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system x(c)(-), was signifi
140 dentified xCT, the functional subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(-), as a surface
141 System xc(-) is a heteromeric amino acid cystine/glutamate antiporter that is constitutively expr
142 genes, including SLC7A11, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter that regulates reactive oxy
144 SLC7A11), the light chain of system xc-, the cystine/glutamate antiporter, suggests that PCP also reg
148 he JCI, Soria and colleagues reveal that the cystine/glutamate exchanger is an important source of ex
149 he expression and functional activity of the cystine/glutamate exchanger SLC7A11 (system xc(-)), a tr
150 7, member 11 (Slc7a11) is a plasma membrane cystine/glutamate exchanger that provides intracellular
151 g substrate in glutathione biosynthesis, the cystine/glutamate transporter (system xc(-)) represents
152 (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), Bach1, cystine/glutamate transporter, and glutamate cysteine li
153 tress, quantified by the plasma aminothiols, cystine, glutathione, and their ratio, is associated wit
156 Although inhibition of crystal growth by L-cystine "imposters" at L-cystine crystal surfaces has be
157 ATR-FTIR) to detect and quantitate insoluble cystine in 22 cystinuric and 5 healthy control urine sam
158 cystinosis, characterized by accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes, is caused by mutations in CTNS
160 ntrast, luminal-type breast cancer cells are cystine-independent and exhibit little death during cyst
161 f epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cystine-independent breast cancer cells conferred the cy
162 we show that inhibiting antiporter uptake of cystine interferes with presentation of exogenous Ag to
169 xpression, in conjunction with environmental cystine, is necessary and sufficient to increase glutami
175 the toxin comprises a well-defined inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) backbone region and a flexible C-term
176 of the three-disulfide-containing inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif found widely in animals and pla
180 da venatoria toxin 2 (HpTx2) is an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK)-gating modifier toxin that selectivel
181 ion to synthesize dimers of integrin-binding cystine knot (knottin) miniproteins with low-picomolar b
182 d illuminated with a fluorescent, engineered cystine knot (knottin) peptide that binds with high affi
183 d to engineer a small, disulfide-constrained cystine knot (knottin) peptide that bound to alpha(v)bet
186 n together, our results expand membership of cystine knot alpha-amylase inhibitors in the Apocynaceae
189 harmacologically active C-C-CC-C-C inhibitor cystine knot and CC-C-C motifs (168 and 44 toxins, respe
191 l end-to-end cyclic backbone combined with a cystine knot arrangement, making them exceptionally stab
194 that Hi1a comprises two homologous inhibitor cystine knot domains separated by a short, structurally
199 monomeric and consists of an eight-membered cystine knot motif with a fold similar to transforming g
200 tides from three different classes of cyclic cystine knot motif-containing cyclotides: Mobius (M), tr
202 ssue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) to C-terminal cystine knot motifs present in key angiogenic regulators
205 d and allows for the proper oxidation of the cystine knot of type III collagen after the short triple
206 toxin guangxitoxin-1E (GxTX), an inhibitory cystine knot peptide that binds selectively to Kv2-type
212 e V-ATPase of pea albumin 1b (PA1b), a small cystine knot protein that shows exquisitely selective in
213 own as cyclotides that possess a macrolactam-cystine knot scaffold imparting exceptional physiologica
216 ions from several venoms and characterized a cystine knot toxin called JZTx-27 from the venom of tara
217 hypothesize parallel evolution of inhibitor cystine knot toxins from Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae
219 was found to adopt the so-called "inhibitor cystine knot" or "knottin" fold stabilized by three disu
220 it potentiates formation of the beta-subunit cystine knot, and second, contacts between alpha-subunit
222 ain noncovalently associated with the mature cystine-knot growth factor domain after processing.
225 ocus on Drosophila bursicon, a heterodimeric cystine-knot protein that activates the G protein-couple
226 We have found that the structurally related cystine-knot protein, nerve growth factor beta (NGFbeta)
227 is a neuropeptide hormone consisting of two cystine-knot proteins (burs alpha and burs beta), respon
230 the sustained import of L-cystine via the L-cystine/L-glutamate exchanger, system x(c)(-), is rate-l
231 the role of the cyclic peptide backbone and cystine ladder in the structure, stability, and activity
233 ed lysosomal overload induced by accumulated cystine leads to cellular abnormalities, including vesic
239 Amino acid analysis gave high levels of cystine/methionine, histidine and tyrosine/phenylalanine
240 with FAO/WHO recommended pattern except for cystine/methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine/phenylalanine,
241 that L-cystine dimethylester (L-CDME) and L-cystine methylester (L-CME) dramatically reduce the grow
242 cation of novel flower and palm-leaf like 3D cystine microstructures (CMs) with high uniformity havin
244 mprinted polymer two biocompatible monomers (cystine monomer and N-vinyl caprolactam) were used, whic
252 disorder characterized by defective urinary cystine reabsorption that results in the formation of cy
253 tammetric current responses for the cysteine-cystine redox cycle in nondegassed aqueous buffer media
256 ng the metastable supersaturation range of l-cystine, respectively, effectively inhibiting l-cystine
258 the naturally occurring hexagonal form of L-cystine single crystals and the {110} faces of the non-n
259 dSTP can accurately identify a wide range of cystine stabilized peptide toxins directly from sequence
260 or triple-stranded beta-sheet, conforming a cystine-stabilized alpha/beta scaffold (CSalpha/beta).
261 tional supplement alpha-lipoic acid inhibits cystine stone formation in the Slc3a1(-/-) mouse model o
262 can readily form microcrystals that lead to cystine stone formation, especially at low urine pH.
264 gesting a new pathway to the prevention of L-cystine stones by rational design of crystal growth inhi
266 th medium containing thioglycolic acid and l-cystine, termed C. difficile brucella broth with thiogly
268 tamate exchanger that provides intracellular cystine to produce glutathione, a major cellular antioxi
269 regulation of SLC7A11 augments intracellular cystine transport and increases intracellular levels of
273 results show a dual role for cystinosin as a cystine transporter and as a component of the mTORC1 pat
274 t chemotherapy induces the expression of the cystine transporter xCT and the regulatory subunit of gl
277 epends on 3MST, whereas the CysB-regulated l-cystine transporter, TcyP, plays the principle role in t
279 m urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and cystine trigger caspase-independent cell death in five d
281 In this study, we show that IGF-I regulates cystine uptake and cellular redox status by activating t
282 Increased iron availability also increased cystine uptake and glutathione concentration and decreas
284 Indeed, erastin, like glutamate, inhibits cystine uptake by the cystine/glutamate antiporter (syst
289 rface transport system xC(-), which mediates cystine uptake, a pivotal step in glutathione synthesis
290 (mTOR) kinase, promotes glutamate secretion, cystine uptake, and incorporation into glutathione, link
291 It also enhances system x(c)(-)-dependent cystine uptake, leading to enhanced glutathione synthesi
297 H]glutamate, d-[(3)H]aspartate, and l-[(14)C]cystine were used to trace amino acid release and uptake
299 a high enzymatic activity in reduction of l-cystine, where the catalytic efficiency (2,217 min(-1)mi
300 sulfasalazine, an FDA-approved inhibitor of cystine xCT antiporter, in culture and xenograft assays.
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