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   1 se to these molecules or their activities is cytopathic.                                             
     2 ions of many cell types in vitro are rapidly cytopathic.                                             
     3 infection in vertebrate cell lines is highly cytopathic.                                             
     4  cell lines, YF infection of immature DCs is cytopathic.                                             
     5  latter, we tested XMRV for related MCF-like cytopathic activities in cultured mink cells but found n
     6 ) of uropathogenic Escherichia coli exhibits cytopathic activity upon incubation with HEp-2 cells.   
     7 nto CD4+ T cells intensifies proinflammatory cytopathic allogeneic response and inhibits the developm
     8 IN and other alphaviruses and replicons less cytopathic and capable of persisting in some vertebrate 
     9 agenized forms of the LC correlated with the cytopathic and growth properties of the corresponding en
    10 utralizing activity, which quenches both the cytopathic and inflammatory potential of invading microo
  
    12 e 100- to 1,000-fold less permissive to both cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV infection compared to 
  
  
  
    16 r interferon activity, measured with a viral cytopathic assay, in CSF and serum from mutation-positiv
    17 NV was detected in the brains of hamsters by cytopathic assay, quantitative reverse-transcription pol
  
    19  These mutations made VEEV dramatically less cytopathic but had no effect on infectious virus product
    20 y the fusion (F) glycoprotein and is clearly cytopathic, but other aspects of RSV infection may also 
  
  
  
    24 mmon (21.4%) and was characterized by sparse cytopathic changes but significant inflammation and fibr
    25 means of EGFP fluorescence in the absence of cytopathic changes increases the sensitivity of virus de
    26 ve DRG tissue damage and cell loss such that cytopathic changes observed at day 70 were more severe t
    27 dendrocytes in prephagocytic lesions exhibit cytopathic changes that include apoptosis of oligodendro
  
    29 s and epithelial bovine cells indicated that cytopathic (cp) BVDV induces IFN-alpha/beta very ineffic
    30 s, we investigated the effects of the highly cytopathic CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variant ELI6 on primary CD
  
    32 d duck myotubes was accompanied by extensive cytopathic damage with marked myotube apoptosis (widespr
  
  
    35 gy that almost exclusively targets activated cytopathic donor reactive T cells and spares immunoregul
    36 reatment that selectively destroys activated cytopathic donor reactive T cells while sparing resting 
    37 SVV-infected Vero cells at the height of the cytopathic effect (3 days after infection) and chemilumi
  
  
    40 usion and ionic exchange and then tested for cytopathic effect (CPE) and collagenolytic activity in v
    41 ir replication and their ability to generate cytopathic effect (CPE) and to interfere with other vira
    42   The observed antiviral activities from the cytopathic effect (CPE) based assay were confirmed throu
    43  protection against the Acanthamoeba-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) by an additional mechanism that 
  
    45  displayed extensive syncytium formation and cytopathic effect (CPE) following infection with MV, con
    46  to cause disease can be correlated to their cytopathic effect (CPE) in tissue culture characterized 
    47 the V protein (rSV5VDeltaC) induces a severe cytopathic effect (CPE) in tissue culture whereas wild-t
    48  to adhesion, the parasites produce a potent cytopathic effect (CPE) leading to target cell death.   
  
  
    51 ltiplicity of infection does not result in a cytopathic effect (CPE) within 14 days postinfection (dp
    52 rom this clade was found to induce a variant cytopathic effect (CPE), different from the canonical ar
    53 DA) and monitored infected cell cultures for cytopathic effect (CPE), intra- and extracellular viral 
    54 rtebrate origin, is the rapid development of cytopathic effect (CPE), which is strongly dependent upo
  
  
    57 ssion of dominant negative Akt induced early cytopathic effect and caspase-mediated cell death in ade
    58 d stress conditioned mice lacked significant cytopathic effect and clearance was demonstrated in 95% 
    59 linical isolate and examined in situ for CMV cytopathic effect and immediate-early and early antigens
    60 irulence, as indicated by decreased observed cytopathic effect and inflammatory biomarker production.
    61 s (Ed MeV) transcription caused an increased cytopathic effect and mortality in transgenic hsp70-over
    62 U/ml) in mosquito cells, producing extensive cytopathic effect and plaques, but they do not appear to
    63 transfected into both cell types resulted in cytopathic effect and recovery of functional virus, indi
    64 ent reduced the number of cells displaying a cytopathic effect and the accumulation of immediate earl
  
    66  were rescued, 3 mutant viruses generated no cytopathic effect but were competent to synthesize viral
    67 he concentration of acyclovir that inhibited cytopathic effect by 50% (EC50) was > or = 3 microg/mL w
    68 pression of miR-155 rescued cells undergoing cytopathic effect caused by infection with subgroup B av
    69 atitis C viral load in vitro and reduced the cytopathic effect caused by the fully replicating flaviv
    70 hanced interferon-mediated resistance to the cytopathic effect caused by VSV and Sindbis virus (SNV).
    71  MOIs 0.1, 1, and 10 resulted in significant cytopathic effect consisting of excessive syncycial form
    72 e eliminated by the immune response or viral cytopathic effect have failed, indicating the need for a
  
    74 als based on the alleviation of HCV-mediated cytopathic effect in an engineered cell line-n4mBid.    
    75 6, and MA104 cells, but there was no visible cytopathic effect in Caco-2, Mv 1 Lu, or PK(15) cells.  
  
  
  
    79  observed previously, HCMV induced a typical cytopathic effect in human aortic endothelial cells (HAE
    80 g that the SV5 P/V mutant has both a reduced cytopathic effect in human DC compared to WT SV5 and an 
  
  
  
    84 ute virus of canines (MVC) produces a strong cytopathic effect in permissive Walter Reed/3873D (WRD) 
    85 n compound 5o that inhibited a virus-induced cytopathic effect in the entry stage of infection (EC(5)
  
  
    88 lly characterized the MVC infection-produced cytopathic effect in WRD cells, namely, the cell death a
  
  
  
    92 results in 50% protection from virus-induced cytopathic effect is approximately 2.2 microM, with a th
  
    94 in the in vitro replication, plaque size, or cytopathic effect morphology of HVP2ap versus HVP2nv iso
  
    96  enhanced toxin production and increased the cytopathic effect of C. difficile on cultured fibroblast
    97 a protein responsible for the characteristic cytopathic effect of clinical HCMV strains that also pro
    98 ne thymus protects human thymocytes from the cytopathic effect of HIV-1, suggesting a possible approa
    99  inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the cytopathic effect of HIV-1RF and HIV-1IIIB at submicromo
  
   101 e treatment can increase gene expression and cytopathic effect of neurotropic paramyxoviruses, includ
  
  
   104 esis of Acanthamoeba keratitis by inducing a cytopathic effect on the corneal epithelial and stromal 
   105  more slowly in Vero cells and had less of a cytopathic effect on tissue culture cells but caused sev
  
   107 Analysis of SAFV-2 revealed virus growth and cytopathic effect only in human cell lines, with large p
  
   109  C is primarily attributable to direct viral cytopathic effect or to an immune-mediated response.    
   110 ng a surrogate cell entry system resulted in cytopathic effect rates similar to those of other LCTs a
   111 lebbing also frequently occur as part of the cytopathic effect seen during many different viral infec
  
   113 ortive infection in limited cell lines and a cytopathic effect suggestive of herpes simplex virus.   
  
   115 V-IFNbeta was greatly reduced and diminished cytopathic effect was observed due to the production of 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   122 mmalian cells in culture results in a severe cytopathic effect within 24 to 48 h postinfection manife
   123 in three fates: 1) cell death due to a viral cytopathic effect, 2) cell death due to immune clearance
   124  and formation of NS1 tubules, a decrease in cytopathic effect, an increased release of infectious vi
   125 -challenged macrophages include an apoptotic cytopathic effect, an innate antiviral response, and a m
   126 plicity of infection leads to no discernible cytopathic effect, and low virus titers are produced.   
  
   128  with replicating CCR5-tropic HIV-1, without cytopathic effect, exhibit selective attenuation of the 
   129 g virus clearance without the development of cytopathic effect, may prove crucial in the design of ne
   130 e protease inhibitors do not abolish the Cif cytopathic effect, suggesting that another enzymatic act
   131 n of SRSF2 enhanced reovirus replication and cytopathic effect, suggesting that T1L mu2 modulation of
   132 NA can persist for weeks in the absence of a cytopathic effect, yet viral RNA remains detectable.    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   148 cked collagenolytic activity, migration, and cytopathic effects (CPE) against corneal cells in vitro.
  
   150 fected with TR showed delayed development of cytopathic effects (CPE) and replication centers and she
   151 F-1, but RCASBP M2C (4070A) caused extensive cytopathic effects (CPE) in DF-1 cells whereas RCASBP M2
  
   153 this paradox, we studied the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) of late-stage R5 HIV-1 biologic
  
   155 uggested that the delay in the production of cytopathic effects after transfection may have been due 
   156 ular virus exhibited a significantly reduced cytopathic effects and apoptosis in infected cells, impl
  
  
   159 y, DC infected with WT rSV5 showed extensive cytopathic effects and increased levels of active caspas
   160 ivalent to that of rOka, causing significant cytopathic effects and infectious virus production by da
   161 ine 40 of NEDD8 to glutamate (Q40E), causing cytopathic effects and inhibiting cell proliferation.   
  
   163 nhibitor to DC infected with WT rSV5 reduced cytopathic effects and resulted in higher surface expres
   164 on (MV-Edm) and wtF (MV-wtF) confer distinct cytopathic effects and strengths of hemagglutinin (H) in
   165 ycle and a main viral factor responsible for cytopathic effects and subversion of antiviral defense. 
   166 tease activity is critical for TcdB-mediated cytopathic effects and TcdB systemic toxicity, highlight
   167 tion, protect resting CD4 T cells from these cytopathic effects and, primarily through this protectio
  
  
  
  
   172 ese cell types include direct infection with cytopathic effects as a consequence of replication.     
   173 of these siRNAs to prevent or reduce certain cytopathic effects associated with HCMV infection was al
   174 tem eliminates the negative influence of the cytopathic effects associated with replication of SIVMne
  
   176 steine proteases were identified as enabling cytopathic effects by promoting adhesion of T. foetus to
  
  
   179 uch more resistant than control cells to the cytopathic effects caused by influenza virus infection. 
   180 3k and Akt, we show that VSV replication and cytopathic effects do not require activation of these ki
   181 y as a discipline has depended on monitoring cytopathic effects following virus culture in vitro.    
  
   183 educed viral proliferation and virus-induced cytopathic effects in glial cell lines and human astrocy
  
  
   186 d that cholesterol supplementations increase cytopathic effects in tissue culture and also intensify 
  
  
   189 ters in human lung grafts and caused similar cytopathic effects irrespective of the presence of human
   190  it does in B cells, but instead resulted in cytopathic effects more commonly associated with product
  
   192 , and 40, which exhibit EC(50)'s against the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 of 9.0, 1.0, and 4.0 nM, res
  
   194 eplicated readily in cell culture, producing cytopathic effects of rounding, detachment, and syncytiu
  
  
   197 ly indirect in nature and possibly linked to cytopathic effects of these robustly replicating viruses
  
  
   200 of other viral components causes many of the cytopathic effects of VSV, including an inhibition of ho
  
  
   203 e cell-associated and purified form elicited cytopathic effects on cultured kidney and bladder epithe
  
   205 combinant vectors exhibited virus yields and cytopathic effects similar to the parental G47Delta.    
   206 lular expression of the protein could induce cytopathic effects similar to those observed when the to
  
   208 V protein is capable of inducing more severe cytopathic effects than the wild type, implicating measl
  
  
  
  
  
   214 cat with chronic sinusitis and rhinitis when cytopathic effects were observed in Crandall-Reese felin
  
  
   217 n bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells, causing cytopathic effects, a process reflective of its natural 
   218 icantly lowering viral load and direct viral cytopathic effects, and aborting the potential downstrea
   219  for viral propagation, enteroviral-mediated cytopathic effects, and the development of cardiomyopath
   220 , starting at 24 h, RAW264.7 cells exhibited cytopathic effects, annexin V staining, and cleaved casp
   221 proach, infected cells will not die of viral cytopathic effects, but might be eliminated if HIV-speci
   222 esting CD4(+) T cells survived despite viral cytopathic effects, even in the presence of autologous c
   223 heless, A28-deficient virions did not induce cytopathic effects, express early genes, or initiate a p
   224  range of anogenital HPV genotypes to induce cytopathic effects, we examined the influences of HPV ty
  
   226  can perturb nuclear architecture and induce cytopathic effects, which ultimately lead to disease pat
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   241 emyelination can be independent direct viral cytopathic events, and suggest that similar direct axona
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   249 he non-heated animals supported a persistent cytopathic infection at 21-day post infection (PI) based
  
   251 howed that the NiV Bangladesh strain induced cytopathic lesions in lung grafts similar to those descr
   252 studies suggest that, although production of cytopathic lipids is relatively common among mycobacteri
   253 ral strains of mycobacteria studied produced cytopathic lipids, none of these produced a phenotype on
   254      It replicates in hepatocytes but is non-cytopathic; liver damage is thought to be immune mediate
  
  
  
  
  
   260 lication, mediated the development of a more cytopathic phenotype, and made viruses capable of develo
  
   262  of correlation between entry efficiency and cytopathic properties of envelope glycoproteins with vir
  
  
   265 dicate that cytokines that promote antiviral cytopathic responses also regulate expression of the cyt
  
  
   268 IG-I/MAVS in response to superinfection with cytopathic RNA viruses, virus-induced mitochondrial apop
  
   270 from enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is a cytopathic serine protease, which is prototypical of a l
   271 es replicate faster in ECs and are partially cytopathic, suggesting enhanced virulence of these isola
   272 ur results provide proof of principle that a cytopathic SV5 P/V mutant can serve as an oncolytic viru
   273 y virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and promote cytopathic syncytium formation in infected cells commenc
   274 demonstrated that deletion of donor-reactive cytopathic T cell clones is indeed profound in tolerant 
  
   276 nd Pit1, that are necessary for infection by cytopathic, T-cell-tropic feline leukemia viruses (FeLV-
   277    VEE and EEE replicons appeared to be less cytopathic than Sindbis virus-based constructs that we d
   278 r domain that were proteolytic but no longer cytopathic; these mutants displayed decreased binding an
   279 al isolates contained cell-associated lipids cytopathic to fibroblasts at concentrations of 33 to 1,0
  
   281 s, including dentilisin, a protease which is cytopathic to host cells, and FhbB, a unique T. denticol
   282 ed in the appearance of Cp aggregates around cytopathic vacuole type I (CPV-I) structures, the absenc
   283   In this study, we investigated the role of cytopathic vacuole type II (CPV-II) through in situ elec
   284 own to lead to formation of so-called type 1 cytopathic vacuoles (CPV1s), whose distinguishing featur
  
  
   287 iral hepatitis, CCL5 and CXCL10 regulate the cytopathic versus antiviral immune responses of T cells 
   288 Because IAV has long been characterized as a cytopathic virus (based on its ability to rapidly lyse m
   289  during infection, was converted to a mildly cytopathic virus after NF-kappaB induction before virus 
  
   291 Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a highly cytopathic virus being developed as a vaccine vector due
  
   293   Human parainfluenza virus type 3, a mildly cytopathic virus that induced NF-kappaB very early durin
  
  
   296 ons of the central nervous system (CNS) with cytopathic viruses require efficient T cell responses to
  
   298 o be required for protection against acutely cytopathic viruses, such as the neurotropic vesicular st
  
  
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