ライフサイエンスコーパス: dTTP

1 dTTP is the most abundant deoxynucleoside triphosphate (

2 dTTP misinsertion frequency opposite template G was incr

3 he short-range beta-particles emitted by [3H]dTTP result in self-irradiation of labeled CHO cells; th

4 Treatment of CHO cells with 100 microCi [3H]dTTP resulted in a 14-fold increase in bystander mutatio

5 s were labeled with tritiated thymidine ([3H]dTTP) for 12 hours and subsequently incubated with A(L)

6 T7 helicase hydrolyzes dTTP at a rate of 49 dTTP per second per hexamer, which indicates that the en

7 The greatest fidelity was against a dTTP:8-oxodG mismatch affording a discrimination value o

8 we present the first crystal structure of a dTTP-bound deoxycytidylate deaminase from the bacterioph

9 mismatch is 16.5 times lower than that of a dTTP:G mismatch due to a tighter Kd for ground state bin

10 l pathway; while a pol mu complex with the A:dTTP base pair is available, no solved non-cognate struc

11 ge pathway based on the presence of adequate dTTP pools, normal thymidylate synthase (TS) activity, p

12 g-493 and Asn-468 are replaced with alanine, dTTP hydrolysis is no longer stimulated in the presence

13 Although dTTP hydrolysis activity is reduced only 2-3-fold, none

14 the primer-template before adding Mg(2+) and dTTP.

15 the acrolein and crotonaldehyde adducts, and dTTP incorporation was preferred at the butadiene- and s

16 hat T7 helicase binds and hydrolyses ATP and dTTP by competitive kinetics such that the unwinding rat

17 more, the simulations indicate that dATP and dTTP are better incorporated in the damaged system than

18 determinants of the specificity for dATP and dTTP.

19 Both dCTP and dTTP base paired with the Hoogsteen edge of O(6)-methylG

20 diploid yeast strain with elevated dCTP and dTTP concentrations.

21 for O(6)-BzG than O(6)-MeG for both dCTP and dTTP insertion.

22 the results indicate that elevated dCTP and dTTP pools increase mismatch formation and decrease erro

23 iota with N(2),3-epsilonG paired to dCTP and dTTP revealed Hoogsteen-like base pairing mechanisms.

24 HIV-1 RT inserted dCTP and dTTP with approximately equal frequencies opposite X in

25 pposite the O(6)-alkylG adducts for dCTP and dTTP with pol eta and kappa; pol iota showed a strong pr

26 ferences in incorporation of dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP are due to the effects of imperfect geometric compl

27 the four nucleotides (dGTP, dATP, dCTP, and dTTP), and the drug-apo riboflavin-binding protein, we s

28 ificity: dissociation constants for dGTP and dTTP are nearly equivalent and K(m) and k(cat) values fo

29 Mispairing of dGTP and dTTP was similar and occurred with k(cat)/K(m) values ap

30 e triphosphate allosteric effectors dGTP and dTTP, and the dimeric murine R2 subunit on both the quat

31 structure of EF1143 in complex with dGTP and dTTP.

32 while it showed less hydrolysis of dGTP and dTTP.

33 s 2-3-fold expansions of the dATP, dGTP, and dTTP pools, whereas dCTP declines by a comparable amount

34 DNA polymerase with primer-template DNA and dTTP, capturing the step just before primer extension.

35 beta with respect to both activated DNA and dTTP.

36 polymerase to distinguish between dtCoTP and dTTP when copying a template dA.

37 peripheral blood mononuclear cells; dTMP and dTTP depletion were induced by single exposures to a low

38 reased but similar affinity to both dTTP and dTTP analogues.

39 iptase discriminates poorly between dUTP and dTTP, and accordingly, viral DNA products become heavily

40 e (RT) does not distinguish between dUTP and dTTP.

41 hest activity on dCTP, followed by dUTP, and dTTP inhibits both the deaminase and pyrophosphatase act

42 ed docking experiments using dCTP, dUTP, and dTTP.

43 > REV1 > pol eta approximately pol iota, and dTTP misincorporation is the major miscoding event by al

44 Mg2+ showed that Mg2+ was not necessary, and dTTP was sufficient for hexamer formation.

45 Loss of hydrogen bonds between the RT and dTTP were also observed in the RT deletion mutant.

46 ine and deoxythymidine triphosphate (UTP and dTTP, respectively).

47 The phosphate donors are dTTP, dGTP, and ribo-GTP as well as the thymidine and gu

48 have decreased but similar affinity to both dTTP and dTTP analogues.

49 kes a hydrogen bridge with the base of bound dTTP.

50 djusts both its speed and coupling ratio (bp/dTTP) to match the work of DNA unwinding.

51 mechanistic implications of the variable bp/dTTP that indicates T7 helicase either undergoes backwar

52 ing is not associated with dTTP binding, but dTTP hydrolysis or P(i) release.

53 y that is activated by dCTP and inhibited by dTTP.

54 gulated, activated by dCTP, and inhibited by dTTP.

55 l enzyme activity and feedback inhibition by dTTP.

56 ersions resulting from T.dTTP, T.dCTP, and C.dTTP mispairs.

57 As expected, cellular dTTP levels were reduced during the 5-FC preincubation.

58 hways are essential for maintaining cellular dTTP pools to ensure the faithful replication of both mi

59 to the noncognate dCTP, neither the cognate dTTP nor its nonhydrolyzable analog induced fingers clos

60 posite a templating adenine over the cognate dTTP.

61 In another insertion complex, dTTP was positioned opposite 1,N(6)-dA, and the adduct b

62 drolysis, whereas Arg-504 and Ser-319 confer dTTP specificity.

63 te switch found in AAA+ enzymes that couples dTTP hydrolysis to DNA binding.

64 a correct incoming nucleotide (apparent K(d)(dTTP) = 11 microM).

65 hereas the composite s-site binds ATP, dATP, dTTP, or dGTP and determines which substrate to reduce.

66 sphate pools, particularly an increased dATP:dTTP ratio, which subsequently results in enhanced DNA f

67 cally (<24 h), with similarly increased dATP:dTTP ratios under dThd withdrawal conditions.

68 tion point under an altered (increased) dATP:dTTP ratio is a major determinant of FP-RS.

69 ochemically, the intracellular ratio of dATP:dTTP increased substantially in JH-1 cells as cells prog

70 et, with Dpo4 capable of incorporating dCTP, dTTP or dATP opposite the adduct reasonably well.

71 und structures show that both the O6MeG.dCTP/dTTP-Mg(2+) complexes adopt an open protein conformation

72 ses dCTP approximately 30-fold and decreases dTTP approximately 4-fold.

73 case domain is responsible for DNA-dependent dTTP hydrolysis, translocation, and DNA unwinding wherea

74 in is not only responsible for DNA-dependent dTTP hydrolysis, translocation, and DNA unwinding, but i

75 mers causes a sharp decline in DNA-dependent dTTP hydrolysis.

76 O]P(i) exchange experiments failed to detect dTTP synthesis, indicating that the less than six-site h

77 ional change to adopt a Watson-Crick-like dG*dTTP base pair and a closed protein conformation.

78 ermediate' protein conformation while the dG*dTTP-Mg2+ complex adopts an open protein conformation.

79 to the dA*dCTP-Mg2+ complex, whereas the dG*dTTP-Mn2+ complex undergoes a large-scale conformational

80 stal structures of polbeta complexed with dG*dTTP and dA*dCTP mismatches in the presence of Mg2+ or M

81 aught in the act of binding a mismatched (dG:dTTP) nucleoside triphosphate.

82 strate analog and specificity effector (dGDP/dTTP or GMP/dTTP) with R1 regulates the redox properties

83 the complex shifts to -192 +/- 2 mV for dGDP/dTTP and to -203 +/- 3 mV for GMP/dTTP.

84 -[BP]-N(2)-dG adduct opposite incoming dGTP, dTTP and dCTP nucleotides, as well as unmodified guanine

85 otides, including dGTP/dATP, dGTP/dCTP, dGTP/dTTP, and dGTP/dUTP.

86 pletion of TbTK leads to strongly diminished dTTP pools and DNA damage indicating intracellular dThd

87 Direct dTTP binding experiments showed that the Kd of dTTP was

88 ed a model system in which the cellular dUTP:dTTP ratio can be pharmacologically increased to favor d

89 host cells that contain high ratios of dUTP:dTTP.

90 xamers predominate in the presence of either dTTP or beta,gamma-methylene dTTP whereas the ratio betw

91 expression also resulted in highly elevated dTTP pools.

92 -alpha + gamma, suggesting that the enhanced dTTP depletion must be due to another mechanism.

93 e present in the case of the N(2),3-epsilonG:dTTP pair.

94 In whole-cell extracts, dTTP and dGTP pools also expanded, but somewhat less tha

95 In addition, the polbeta-Fm7dG:dTTP structure shows open protein conformations and stag

96 rder of binding affinity was shown to follow dTTP > GTP > ATP > CTP, with differences in binding ener

97 Substitution of dUTP for dTTP had no effect on (-) strand synthesis but significa

98 ults indicate that Mg2+ is not necessary for dTTP binding, but Mg2+ is required for optimal hydrolysi

99 , and no measurable product was observed for dTTP incorporation in the pre-steady state.

100 ppa; pol iota showed a strong preference for dTTP.

101 um for mouse and 1 mum for human SAMHD1, for dTTP the corresponding values are 50 and 2 mum.

102 postulated to be conformational switches for dTTP-dependent helicase activity leads to modulation of

103 P, showed higher but similar K(d) values for dTTP, ddTTP, and acyTTP.

104 WT pol gamma could discriminate Ed4T-TP from dTTP 12,000-fold better than RT, with only an 8.3-fold d

105 uding two transition mismatches A-dCTP and G-dTTP.

106 Pol nu is ~15-fold faster than k(pol) for G-dTTP misinsertion.

107 nzymes have similar kinetic parameters for G-dTTP misinsertion.

108 relaxed active-site specificity toward the G-dTTP mispair may be associated with its cellular functio

109 V for dGDP/dTTP and to -203 +/- 3 mV for GMP/dTTP.

110 g and specificity effector (dGDP/dTTP or GMP/dTTP) with R1 regulates the redox properties of the diir

111 Pol iota had the highest dTTP misincorporation frequency (0.71) followed by pol e

112 ility of the helicase to bind DNA, hydrolyze dTTP, and unwind dsDNA.

113 d for their ability to unwind DNA, hydrolyze dTTP, translocate on ssDNA, and oligomerize.

114 lity of gp4 to synthesize primers, hydrolyze dTTP, and unwind duplex DNA.

115 locating along ssDNA, T7 helicase hydrolyzes dTTP at a rate of 49 dTTP per second per hexamer, which

116 serve that each wild-type subunit hydrolyzes dTTP independently in the absence of single-stranded DNA

117 strongly support TbTK as a crucial enzyme in dTTP homeostasis and identify structural differences wit

118 Further the functional group on C4 (O in dTTP and NH2 in dCTP) makes interactions with nonconserv

119 res of Pol iota with template A and incoming dTTP and with template G and incoming dCTP have revealed

120 Poliota bound to template 1-MeA and incoming dTTP or dCTP.

121 5F pol with a correctly base-paired incoming dTTP reveals that the phenylalanine ring is accommodated

122 e interaction with the 3'-OH of the incoming dTTP and that V148I disrupts positioning of Q151 for thi

123 form novel hydrogen bonds with the incoming dTTP and with the enzyme that differ from those formed w

124 re observed between: (i) dF and the incoming dTTP, (ii) dF and residue G568 of the polymerase, and (i

125 sistent with the tendency not to incorporate dTTP opposite 1,N(6)-dA.

126 hat T7(-) and RT preferentially incorporated dTTP opposite O(6)-MeG and O(6)-BzG.

127 Exogenous addition of D-thymidine increased dTTP levels to that in differentiated macrophages but di

128 mechanisms of DNA-dependent and -independent dTTP hydrolysis by the gene 4 protein of bacteriophage T

129 ormation and, consequently, in intracellular dTTP pools, followed by slower recovery in both indices

130 ibits significantly higher Km(dTTP) and Kcat(dTTP) values, implying that the incorporation reaction i

131 In kidney, dTTP concentration increased 2-fold normal, and dCTP and

132 253M enzyme exhibits significantly higher Km(dTTP) and Kcat(dTTP) values, implying that the incorpora

133 ordered, in accordance with a much higher Km,dTTP that drives the difference in efficiency between C

134 4'C-methyl dTTP blocks DNA synthesis in a temporal sense, rather th

135 n incorporated after the analog), 4'C-methyl dTTP causes a pause in DNA synthesis at the point of inc

136 sence of either dTTP or beta,gamma-methylene dTTP whereas the ratio between hexamers and heptamers is

137 DNA in the presence of beta,gamma-methylene dTTP, the primase can function at recognition sites on t

138 In the presence of beta, gamma-methylene dTTP, the protein forms a hexamer that surrounds and bin

139 r in the presence of both Mg-dTMP-PCP and Mg-dTTP are similar, indicating that Mg-dTTP binding is suf

140 and Mg-dTTP are similar, indicating that Mg-dTTP binding is sufficient and hydrolysis is not necessa

141 four-step mechanism for DNA binding with Mg-dTTP.

142 ion was only one-tenth of that found with Mg.dTTP, as determined by rapid chemical quench assays.

143 lished that both polymerases misincorporated dTTP with high frequency across from cisplatin- and oxal

144 REV1 misincorporated dTTP and dGTP with much lower frequencies.

145 rases, is uniquely prone to misincorporating dTTP opposite template G in a highly sequence-dependent

146 plemented medium, we found the mitochondrial dTTP and dGTP pools to expand significantly, the dCTP po

147 thesized and used as substitutes for natural dTTP, dCTP, dATP, and dGTP in PCR.

148 ate analysis indicates that neither dCTP nor dTTP insertion is strongly preferred during polymerizati

149 state kinetic analysis of single-nucleotide (dTTP) incorporation into a DNA 21/41-mer.

150 aza-dATP in place of the natural nucleotides dTTP and dATP, we have demonstrated the simultaneous inc

151 the similar altered conformation, the O6MeG.dTTP-Mn(2+) complex adopts a catalytically competent sta

152 The O6MeG.dTTP-Mn(2+) ternary structure, which represents the firs

153 nd E in both the presence and the absence of dTTP.

154 conformational change rates for addition of dTTP opposite 2-AP following the 8-oxoGua base pairs was

155 found that the pre-steady-state addition of dTTP opposite A following all three base pairs by bacter

156 dCTP and may result in a higher affinity of dTTP to the allosteric site conferring its inhibitory ac

157 tion was supplemented with a small amount of dTTP.

158 A sterically undemanding azide analogue of dTTP (AHP dUTP) with an alkyl chain and ethynyl attachme

159 hydrogen bond formed between the N3 atom of dTTP and the N7 atom of O(6)-methylG.

160 t with the 4-carbonyl of the thymine base of dTTP.

161 ytidine would facilitate hydrogen bonding of dTTP but not dCTP and may result in a higher affinity of

162 ), indicating that a higher concentration of dTTP is required to saturate the enzyme.

163 We hypothesized that the depletion of dTTP produces DNA mismatches that, if not repaired befor

164 Disregulation of dTTP pools results in mitochondrial dysfunction and nucl

165 The efficiency of dTTP incorporation was unchanged for the D246V enzyme, i

166 e ring-shaped T7 helicase uses the energy of dTTP hydrolysis to perform the mechanical work of transl

167 Our finding of dTTP and dGTP elevations and dATP depletion in mitochond

168 alysis of the steps required for fixation of dTTP misinsertion during translesion synthesis past cisp

169 Studies suggest two functions of dTTP, as a phosphate donor and a positive effector of th

170 DNA binding stimulates the hydrolysis of dTTP but the mechanism for this two-step control is not

171 We propose that sequential hydrolysis of dTTP is coupled to the transfer of single-stranded DNA f

172 ays a key role in coupling the hydrolysis of dTTP to DNA unwinding.

173 e-stranded DNA and couples the hydrolysis of dTTP to unidirectional translocation and the unwinding o

174 The helicase couples the hydrolysis of dTTP to unidirectional translocation on single-stranded

175 serine 319 reduces the rate of hydrolysis of dTTP without affecting the rate of dATP hydrolysis.

176 winding of duplex DNA with the hydrolysis of dTTP, and catalyze the synthesis of short RNA oligoribon

177 We postulate that upon hydrolysis of dTTP, Phe(523) moves from within the subunit interface t

178 single-stranded DNA-dependent hydrolysis of dTTP.

179 7 couples DNA unwinding to the hydrolysis of dTTP.

180 A in a reaction coupled to the hydrolysis of dTTP.

181 t Mg2+ is required for optimal hydrolysis of dTTP.

182 f the rate of uptake or the incorporation of dTTP into mitochondria DNA.

183 emental effect between the incorporations of dTTP and its thio analogue S(p)-dTTPalphaS, the incorpor

184 s were 2, 75, and 22 microM for insertion of dTTP following Gua.C, 8-oxoGua.C, and 8-oxoGua.A base pa

185 No significant insertion of dTTP or dCMP was detected.

186 TP binding experiments showed that the Kd of dTTP was unaffected, but the stoichiometry of dTTP bindi

187 Levels of dTTP and dATP were significantly reduced in cls8.

188 crophages, monocytes contained low levels of dTTP due to low thymidine phosphorylase activity.

189 mine in more detail the kinetic mechanism of dTTP hydrolysis by a preassembled T7 helicase hexamer in

190 a slight increase in the misincorporation of dTTP across from the 3'-G was found for oxaliplatin comp

191 Misincorporation of dTTP opposite O(6)-methylG occurred with approximately 6

192 eported earlier, and they support a model of dTTP hydrolysis by T7 helicase hexamer that is similar t

193 the positioning of the nucleoside moiety of dTTP is almost identical to that previously described fo

194 uced by addition of dATP or dGTP, but not of dTTP or dCTP.

195 lost H-bonding interaction with the 3'-OH of dTTP, showed higher but similar K(d) values for dTTP, dd

196 TTP, which is 1.4 A longer than the 3'-OH of dTTP.

197 Thus, the gamma-phosphate of dTTP plays an important role in causing a conformational

198 te (Vi) suggests that the gamma-phosphate of dTTP plays an important role in this mechanism.

199 to direct incorporation of dUTP in place of dTTP.

200 deficiency in the intramitochondrial pool of dTTP relative to dCTP in cells from patients with TK2 de

201 dues appears to correspond to the potency of dTTP inhibition.

202 Gel filtration of 4A' in the presence of dTTP without Mg2+ showed that Mg2+ was not necessary, an

203 T7 forms a hexameric ring in the presence of dTTP, allowing it to bind DNA in its central core.

204 In the presence of dTTP, gene 4 protein monomers assemble as a ring that bi

205 p4-R522A) or lysine (gp4-R522K), the rate of dTTP hydrolysis is significantly decreased.

206 nce assay, and it was found that the rate of dTTP hydrolysis on the helicase active site is eight tim

207 alogs on the mtDNA depletion and the rate of dTTP uptake into isolated mitochondria.

208 ggest that the CD/5-FC-mediated reduction of dTTP results in a concurrent decrease of dGTP due to all

209 in factor in the preferential selectivity of dTTP opposite O(6)-methylG by human pol iota, in contras

210 The simulations of dTTP and dGTP opposite (+)-trans-anti-[BP]-N(2)-dG exhib

211 TTP was unaffected, but the stoichiometry of dTTP binding was different in the absence of Mg2+.

212 dUMP, a key intermediate in the synthesis of dTTP.

213 of T7 helicase hydrolyzes on an average one dTTP per hexamer.

214 cates that the energy from hydrolysis of one dTTP drives unidirectional movement of T7 helicase along

215 ernary complex with a templating dF opposite dTTP at 1.8 A-resolution.

216 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate to either CTP or dTTP.

217 d activate SAMHD1, but in cells only dATP or dTTP are present at sufficient concentrations.

218 of the T7 helicase domain with bound dATP or dTTP identified Arg-363 and Arg-504 as potential determi

219 a nearly 2-fold longer duration for dATP or dTTP incorporation than for dCTP or dGTP into complement

220 ofluorene lesion and can incorporate dCTP or dTTP across from this lesion, suggesting that the bypass

221 ructures of polbeta with an incoming dCTP or dTTP analogue base-paired with O6MeG in the presence of

222 emplating Fm7dG paired with incoming dCTP or dTTP analogues.

223 The for binding of dCTP or dTTP to a RT*DNA complex containing O(6)-MeG was 8-fold

224 lG as the template base and incoming dCTP or dTTP were solved and showed that O(6)-methylG is rotated

225 dATP, or dGTP but not by CTP, UTP, dCTP, or dTTP.

226 s dNMPs were also formed with dGTP, dCTP, or dTTP.

227 , respectively, by using either GTP, dGTP or dTTP as the phosphate donor.

228 duced incorporation of exogenous alpha (32)P-dTTP in fibroblasts from a patient with Alpers syndrome

229 However, incorporation of alpha (32)P-dTTP relative to either cell doubling time or alpha (32)

230 kes cells unable to synthesize DNA precursor dTTP, with the nature of chromosomal damage still unclea

231 operties of the nucleotides (fully replacing dTTP) with TAQ polymerase during PCR have been investiga

232 hough radiosensitization with FdUrd requires dTTP depletion and S-phase arrest, the exact mechanism b

233 hydrolysis observed is not due to reversible dTTP hydrolysis on the helicase active site.

234 e of the conformational change induced by Rh.dTTP binding.

235 was added to a ternary complex containing Rh.dTTP opposite dAP, the templating base, nucleotidyl tran

236 occupancy on the affinity of an incoming Rh.dTTP for the RB69 pol-P/T binary complex and on the rate

237 the A site, the affinity of the incoming Rh.dTTP for the RB69 pol-P/T binary complex and the conform

238 ve also demonstrated that the affinity of Rh.dTTP for occupancy of the B metal ion site is dependent

239 ng Ca(2+) concentration in the absence of Rh.dTTP gives only partial quenching of dAP fluorescence.

240 However, a saturating Rh.dTTP concentration in the absence of Ca(2+) results in f

241 dAP fluorescence with an increase in the Rh.dTTP concentration.

242 rhodium(III) deoxythymidine triphosphate (Rh.dTTP) to investigate the requirements of metal binding t

243 vative of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (Rh.dTTP).

244 The de novo and salvage dTTP pathways are essential for maintaining cellular dTT

245 template and, conversely, for variably sized dTTP analogs opposite natural template bases.

246 Pre-steady state dTTP hydrolysis kinetics showed a distinct burst whose a

247 Presteady state kinetics of DNA-stimulated dTTP hydrolysis activity of T7 helicase were measured us

248 fficiency relative to the natural substrate, dTTP.

249 values near those of the natural substrates, dTTP and dGTP.

250 proportion of transversions resulting from T.dTTP, T.dCTP, and C.dTTP mispairs.

251 rmation in the pol iota active site and that dTTP misincorporation by pol iota is the result of Hoogs

252 sing full-length pol iota, which showed that dTTP incorporation occurs with high efficiency opposite

253 The dTTP and dGTP nucleotides, incorporated with an intermed

254 The dTTP pool alterations did not cause specific mitochondri

255 ing the substrate for the next enzyme in the dTTP synthetic pathway, thymidylate synthase.

256 However, the active-site pocket size of the dTTP and dGTP simulations remained stable.

257 tide reductase and severe limitations of the dTTP pools, resulting in thymineless death, the phenomen

258 er, dGTP pools also declined parallel to the dTTP decrease.

259 ation of the dGTP:T mismatch relative to the dTTP:G mismatch.

260 ence quenching depend hyperbolically on the [dTTP] when a dideoxy-primer/template (ddP/T) with 2AP as

261 uring polymerization with 6-Cl-2APTP, 2-thio-dTTP, or 2-thio-dCTP, the nanocircuit uncovered an alter

262 ded DNA, the subunits of the ring go through dTTP hydrolysis cycles one at a time, and this probably

263 In these tissues, dTTP concentration increased more than 4-fold normal, an

264 d from the hydrolysis of dATP in addition to dTTP for mediating DNA unwinding.

265 RT would have decreased binding affinity to dTTP analogues lacking 3'-OH, compared to dTTP, the Q151

266 to dTTP analogues lacking 3'-OH, compared to dTTP, the Q151N and V148I RT mutants should have decreas

267 3'-OH lacking ddTTP and acyTTP, compared to dTTP.

268 nds of a duplex DNA in a reaction coupled to dTTP hydrolysis.

269 se that unwinds DNA in a reaction coupled to dTTP hydrolysis.

270 A marked increase in the dATP to dTTP ratio was seen with FUra with or without IFN-alpha

271 the first step in the conversion of dCTP to dTTP.

272 indicate that the ratio of undamaged dGTP to dTTP in mitochondrial dNTP pools from rodent tissues var

273 kinase, gp1.7 exponentially converts dTMP to dTTP.

274 tion is a sharp rise in the ratio of dUTP to dTTP and subsequent incorporation of dUTP into DNA.

275 imately 12 and 18 times more tightly than to dTTP, respectively.

276 ration of 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (AZ

277 mation and a deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP), and that the fit is better for a normal Watson-Cr

278 Two dTTPs were found to bind tightly in the absence of Mg2+

279 ed evidence for sequential hydrolysis of two dTTPs.

280 meric helicase that has been observed to use dTTP, but not ATP, to unwind double-stranded (ds)DNA as

281 e encoded by gene 4 of bacteriophage T7 uses dTTP most efficiently.

282 T7 DNA helicase preferentially utilizes dTTP to unwind duplex DNA in vitro but also hydrolyzes o

283 Thus, whereas dTTP partakes in stable Hoogsteen base pairing with 1-Me

284 nds and hydrolyzes several NTPs, among which dTTP supports optimal protein assembly, DNA binding and

285 step during unwinding is not associated with dTTP binding, but dTTP hydrolysis or P(i) release.

286 racil-independent mechanisms associated with dTTP depletion play a minor role.

287 binding change mechanism of F(1)-ATPase with dTTP hydrolysis occurring sequentially at the catalytic

288 s discriminated by 77,000-fold compared with dTTP, the discrimination drops to 1,100-fold for GTP ver

289 to incorporate dATP and dGTP, compared with dTTP.

290 roduct is 8-oxo-dGTP, which can compete with dTTP for incorporation opposite template adenine to yiel

291 ructure of the HIV-1 RT ternary complex with dTTP proposes that Q151N loses the interaction with the

292 syn conformation but pairs differently with dTTP versus dCTP.

293 A crystal structure of Dpo4 with dTTP opposite template N2,N2-Me2G revealed a wobble orie

294 he Q151 residue in HIV-1 RT interaction with dTTP and its analogues containing chemical modifications

295 This behaviour was not observed with dTTP alone and was greatly reduced when ATP solution was

296 The K(m) of 4.4 x 10(-4) M obtained with dTTP for dTMP kinase is ~3-fold higher than that obtaine

297 at A257T gp4 is normal in forming rings with dTTP, but the rings do not assemble efficiently on the D

298 assemble on the unwinding DNA substrate with dTTP without Mg(II), and its DNA unwinding activity in e

299 unwinding rate is even faster than that with dTTP.

300 generally support faster DNA unwinding, with dTTP supporting faster rates than any other canonical (d