ライフサイエンスコーパス: deaminate

1 In vitro, these proteins deaminate 3- or 4-carbon enamines that are generated as

2 xyinosine as its major product but will also deaminate 5'-methylthioadenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine

3 the cytidine deaminases AID and APOBEC1 can deaminate 5-methylcytosine in vitro and in Escherichia c

4 ity of activation-induced deaminase (AID) to deaminate 5-methylcytosines (5mC) to thymine.

5 ht to initiate base excision repair (BER) of deaminated 5-methylcytosine (mC).

6 echanism of 5-meC demethylation, whereby AID deaminates 5-meC, followed by thymine base excision by M

7 luding the first enzyme (Dvu1825) capable of deaminating 5'-dAdo.

8 e gene expression epigenetically by directly deaminating 5-methylcytosine in concert with base-excisi

9 We found that APOBEC3A can deaminate 5mC efficiently and this activity is comparabl

10 and other results suggest that the human AID deaminates 5mC's only weakly because the 5-methyl group

11 y and was at least 10-fold less efficient at deaminating 5mC compared to C in biochemical assays.

12 For instance, A3G cannot readily deaminate a cytosine dinucleotide in ssDNA stem structur

13 We find that ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate a given RNA with the same selectivity, and thi

14 Monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B deaminate a number of biogenic amines.

15 ty, and aid in efforts to predict which ADAR deaminates a given editing site adenosine in vivo.

16 Monoamine oxidase (MAO) B deaminates a number of biogenic and dietary amines and p

17 enosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR2) that deaminates A to inosine (I) residues that are subsequent

18 hADAT1 protein efficiently and specifically deaminates A(37) in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Ala) from

19 Ig receptor, although an additional role in deaminating a regulatory mRNA transcript has not been ru

20 Unexpectedly, in these domains, AID deaminates active promoters and eRNA(+) enhancers interc

21 c protein for which we find no evidence of a deaminating activity on cytidine whether as a free nucle

22 by polymerases, but no enzymes are known to deaminate adenine in DNA.

23 in the repair of hypoxanthine (nitrosatively deaminated adenine) in DNA.

24 uman ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Al

25 minases acting on RNA (ADARs) hydrolytically deaminate adenosines (A) in a wide variety of duplex RNA

26 Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) deaminate adenosines in dsRNA to produce inosines.

27 on RNA (ADARs) are RNA-editing enzymes that deaminate adenosines to create inosines in double-strand

28 Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) deaminate adenosines to produce inosines within RNAs tha

29 In vitro, the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2 deaminate adenosines within many different sequences of

30 the LGST is accessible to cellular cytosine deaminating agents, explains the well-known GC skew in m

31 els of glucose through gluconeogenesis using deaminated amino acids with dicarboxylate products of pe

32 AMP deaminase, the enzyme that irreversibly deaminates AMP to form IMP.

33 ADAR2 deaminates an adenosine in the sequence context of a nat

34 These enzymes were predicted to deaminate analogues of adenosine including SAH, 5'-methy

35 leads to DNA damage, including formation of deaminated and oxidized bases.

36 DNA by removing a wide variety of alkylated, deaminated, and lipid peroxidation-induced purine adduct

37 DNA by removing a wide variety of alkylated, deaminated, and lipid peroxidation-induced purine adduct

38 or instance, APOBEC1 edits APOB mRNA and AID deaminates antibody gene DNA.

39 None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive.

40 2[prime]-deoxy-2[prime]-fluoroadenosine were deaminated at a rate similar to adenosine.

41 Because desmopressin is already deaminated at the N-terminal, it is resistant to the eff

42 We observed that a dsRNA helix is deaminated at the same sites whether it exists as a free

43 Uracil sensing prevents copying of the deaminated base and permanent mutation in 50% of the pro

44 easurable polymerase activity, localised the deaminated base binding site to this subunit.

45 Endonuclease V initiates repair of deaminated base damage by making a nucleolytic incision

46 This study extends the deaminated base glycosylase activities of AAG to oxanine

47 a copied DNA strand could be inhibited by a deaminated base in the alternate strand of a replication

48 Oxanine (Oxa) is a deaminated base lesion derived from guanine in which the

49 leolytic incision at the 3'-side 1 nt from a deaminated base lesion.

50 ncision at the 3' side one nucleotide from a deaminated base lesion.

51 mode switch by endonuclease V for removal of deaminated base lesions during endonuclease V-mediated r

52 NA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deaminated base or a mismatch.

53 models of oxanine-containing base pairs and deaminated base recognition mechanism are presented.

54 clease activity is discussed with respect to deaminated base repair.

55 mismatched primer-templates, even though the deaminated base-containing primer-templates are correctl

56 eal family-B DNA polymerases bind tightly to deaminated bases and stall replication on encountering u

57 ase hydrogen bonds and shape fit between the deaminated bases and the pocket.

58 '-5' proofreading exonuclease, observed with deaminated bases at this location.

59 and shape fit in determining selectivity for deaminated bases has been examined using nonpolar isoste

60 on of archaeal family B DNA polymerases with deaminated bases has been examined.

61 a broad range of aberrations in DNA such as deaminated bases or mismatches.

62 eal family B polymerases bind tightly to the deaminated bases uracil and hypoxanthine in single-stran

63 so cleaved DNA substrates that contained the deaminated bases uracil, hypoxanthine, or xanthine in a

64 , if the polymerase approaches closer to the deaminated bases, locating it at +3, +2, +1 or even 0 (p

65 bility of the polymerase to replicate beyond deaminated bases.

66 me pocket was used for interaction with both deaminated bases.

67 e show that human APOBEC3A (A3A) efficiently deaminates both MeC to thymine (T) and normal C to uraci

68 for delineating minimal substrates for RNAs deaminated by ADARs in vivo.

69 o called Pou2af1), H2afx, Rhoh and Ebf1, are deaminated by AID but escape acquisition of most mutatio

70 However, dsDNA can be deaminated by AID in vitro when the reaction is coupled

71 ependent on transcriptional orientation, was deaminated by AID in vitro with the same transcriptional

72 tosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are first deaminated by AID to thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil,

73 lymerase beta (Polbeta) would replace the dC deaminated by AID, leading to correct repair of the sing

74 Synadenol (14) was also deaminated by AMP deaminase from aspergillus sp.

75 repeats, but are largely distinct from those deaminated by APOBEC3A.

76 aminoacrylate, and then the aminoacrylate is deaminated by nonenzymatic hydrolysis to produce pyruvat

77 tly discovered RNA substrate that is rapidly deaminated by the isolated human ADAR2 deaminase domain

78 Bisulfite treatment of gDNA will selectively deaminate C but not 5-methylcytosine (5mC).

79 on-induced cytosine deaminase preferentially deaminates C in DNA on the nontranscribed strand in vitr

80 It has been shown that in vitro, AID protein deaminates C in single-stranded DNA or the coding-strand

81 We show that AID efficiently deaminates C on both DNA strands of a supercoiled plasmi

82 vation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) deaminates C to U on single-stranded DNA to initiate imm

83 activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deaminates C to U.

84 and class switch recombination in B cells by deaminating C --> U on transcribed DNA.

85 triggers viral inactivation by processively deaminating C-->U, with 3'-->5' polarity, on nascent min

86 oB) mRNA assembled functional editosomes and deaminated C6666 to U in a mooring sequence-dependent fa

87 tic component of an RNA-editing complex that deaminates C6666 --> U in apolipoprotein B RNA in gastro

88 However, once bound, ADARs deaminate certain adenosines more efficiently than other

89 A spectrum of deaminated cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the

90 eveloped two methods to specifically measure deaminated CPDs in UV-irradiated human cells or DNA.

91 AID preferentially deaminates Cs in the WRC motif, and additionally has a s

92 ght to arise from translesion synthesis past deaminated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs).

93 NA, the question remains whether it can also deaminate cytidine in mRNA, as originally proposed based

94 emonstrate that purified, tetrameric AID can deaminate cytidine residues in DNA, but not in RNA.

95 ced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme that deaminates cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA.

96 AID deaminates cytidine residues on substrate sequences in t

97 ns: a catalytic C-terminal domain (CTD) that deaminates cytidine, and a N-terminal domain (NTD) that

98 AID is thought to make lesions in DNA by deaminating cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA exp

99 ion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by deaminating cytidine residues to uridine.

100 AID is known to deaminate cytidines in single-stranded DNA, but the rela

101 APOBEC3A, which is known to deaminate cytidines of single-stranded DNA and to inhibi

102 Upon recruitment to Ig genes, AID deaminates cytidines at switch (S) recombination sites,

103 A3G deaminates cytidines to uridines in single-strand DNA an

104 atic hypermutation (SHM) in B lymphocytes by deaminating cytidines on template and nontemplate strand

105 in newly infected cells, at least in part by deaminating cytidines on the negative strand DNA interme

106 SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) by deaminating cytidines to uridines at V region (V) genes

107 (CSR) and Ig somatic hypermutation (SHM) by deaminating cytidines within, respectively, IgH switch (

108 de-like (APOBEC) family of proteins that can deaminate cytosine (C) to uracil (U) on nucleic acids.

109 Apobec/AID family of cytosine deaminases can deaminate cytosine and thereby contribute to adaptive an

110 Thus, APOBEC1 can deaminate cytosine in both RNA and DNA.

111 eria, APOBEC1 and some of its homologues can deaminate cytosine in DNA.

112 AID prefers to deaminate cytosine in WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) motifs, whe

113 Virion-encapsidated APOBEC3G can deaminate cytosine to uracil in viral (-)DNA, which lead

114 ted base excision repair system, repair of a deaminated cytosine (i.e., uracil) opposite the adducted

115 , oxidative damage [fpg nei nth strain], and deaminated cytosine [ung strain]) showed essentially wil

116 ndria and both yeast and human Ung1p repairs deaminated cytosine in mitochondria.

117 tissues may be responsible for the repair of deaminated cytosine residues in vivo.

118 as influenced by the sequence context of the deaminated cytosine, with individual hotspots exhibiting

119 NA (ssDNA) cytidine deaminase APOBEC3F (A3F) deaminates cytosine (C) to uracil (U) and is a known res

120 In the context of hypermutating B cells, AID deaminates cytosine in the DNA of immunoglobulin genes,

121 Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates cytosine to uracil (dU) in DNA, which leads t

122 Activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates cytosine to uracil in immunoglobulin genes.

123 APOBEC3G (CEM15 ) deaminates cytosine to uracil in nascent retroviral cDNA

124 AID deaminates cytosine to uracil, which can produce mutatio

125 us infectivity factor (vif), A3F selectively deaminates cytosine within 5'-TTCA-3' motifs in single s

126 te their biological functions mostly through deaminating cytosine (C) to uracil on single-stranded DN

127 AID/APOBEC family enzymes are best known for deaminating cytosine bases to uracil in single-stranded

128 tein that drives antibody diversification by deaminating cytosine in DNA to uracil.

129 HIV/SIV replication to differing degrees by deaminating cytosine in viral (-)DNA, which forms promut

130 evidence for the model that AID functions by deaminating cytosine residues in DNA.

131 ion (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) by deaminating cytosine residues in immunoglobulin genes (I

132 deaminase (AID) initiates both processes by deaminating cytosine residues in immunoglobulin genes.

133 nd APOBEC3G restrict retroviral infection by deaminating cytosine residues in the first cDNA strand o

134 ced cytosine deaminase begins the process by deaminating cytosine to uracil in DNA.

135 14-fold more efficient than the wild-type at deaminating cytosine to uracil.

136 Since in vitro AID was shown to deaminate cytosines on single-stranded DNA or the nontra

137 All of these enzymes can deaminate cytosines within single-strand DNA, but the ov

138 e excision repair (BER) pathway that repairs deaminated cytosines and 5-methyl-cytosines.

139 replication stress compromises the repair of deaminated cytosines and other damaged bases, leading to

140 response, activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates cytosines at immunoglobulin (Ig) loci, initia

141 tion-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which deaminates cytosines in both the donor and acceptor S re

142 Human APOBEC3B deaminates cytosines in DNA and belongs to the AID/APOBE

143 hout prior treatment with a ribonuclease and deaminates cytosines in plasmid DNA in vitro.

144 We demonstrate that APO3G deaminates cytosines in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) only

145 We now know that AID deaminates cytosines in the DNA encoding the variable po

146 While this treatment effectively deaminates cytosines to uracils, leaving most 5-methylcy

147 ivation-induced deaminase (AID) functions by deaminating cytosines and causing U:G mismatches, a rate

148 nd in vivo that AID initiates SHM and CSR by deaminating cytosines in DNA in a transcription-dependen

149 nt model, AID is proposed to initiate CSR by deaminating cytosines in the unpaired nontemplate strand

150 APOBEC3DE was encapsidated and capable of deaminating cytosines to uracils on viral minus-strand D

151 e potential cleavage sites for the enzyme by deaminating dAMP and dCMP in DNA to dIMP and dUMP, respe

152 ata in Escherichia coli suggest that AID may deaminate dC on DNA, but its putative biochemical activi

153 ylase, which indicates that AID functions by deaminating dC residues in DNA.

154 One antiviral mechanism involves deaminating dC residues in minus-strand DNA during rever

155 retroviral replication in infected cells by deaminating dC to dU in the first (minus)-strand cDNA re

156 The presence of a 30-nt weakly deaminated "dead" zone located at the 3'-ssDNA end impli

157 -induced deaminase (AID), an enzyme that can deaminate deoxycytidine in DNA in vitro, where its activ

158 Although AID has been shown to deaminate deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in DNA in vitro,

159 o be packaged into retroviral virions and to deaminate deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in newly synthes

160 virion infectivity factor (Vif), where they deaminate deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine on the minus str

161 Activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates deoxycytidine residues in immunoglobulin gene

162 AID deaminates deoxycytidine residues in single-stranded DNA

163 tion-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which deaminates deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in single-stran

164 Recent experiments show that AID deaminates deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in single-stran

165 an immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and deaminates deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine on nascent minu

166 e of evidence suggests that AID functions by deaminating deoxycytidine in DNA, the question remains w

167 tidine deaminase (AID), which preferentially deaminates deoxycytidines at WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) moti

168 APOBEC3G deaminates deoxycytidines in minus strand DNA to deoxyur

169 ine deaminase (AID) initiates CSR and SHM by deaminating deoxycytidines (dCs) in switch (S) and V(D)J

170 In addition, the deaminated derivative of PSI-6130, beta-d-2'-deoxy-2'-fl

171 which could reflect faster repair of doubly deaminated dimers.

172 d to play important roles in allowing AID to deaminate DNA during transcription.

173 he enzyme endonuclease V initiates repair of deaminated DNA bases by making an endonucleolytic incisi

174 t as a hydrogen bond donor in recognition of deaminated DNA bases.

175 cosylases play a major role in the repair of deaminated DNA damage.

176 do V) recognizes and cleaves deoxyinosine in deaminated DNA.

177 vo to ensure an orderly process of repairing deaminated DNA.

178 inase (AID), the B-cell-specific factor that deaminates DNA to initiate immunoglobulin gene diversifi

179 that it initiates the mutational process by deaminating DNA.

180 That APOBEC3A was able to deaminate dsDNA undergoing transcription suggests a geno

181 further assessed APOBEC3A for the ability to deaminate dsDNA undergoing transcription, which could al

182 Thus, the cleavage of deaminated dsRNA appears to require an RNA structure tha

183 In contrast, unmodified dsRNA and even deaminated dsRNAs that contain four consecutive IU base

184 A new study shows that UV-damaged DNA is deaminated during transcription, which is a probable mec

185 Hybrid substrates are deaminated efficiently by ADAR deaminase domains at dA-C

186 ite-specific proteins and the as yet unknown deaminating enzymatic activity.

187 omes led to the hypothesis that the ammeline deaminating enzyme was guanine deaminase.

188 uring that period, then half of the cytosine-deaminating events per unit biomass would have taken pla

189 The enzyme is ubiquitously expressed and deaminates exclusively guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine b

190 60% of most CPD signals are converted to the deaminated form, depending on the sequence.

191 ng for AID's functional role posits that AID deaminates genomic deoxycytosine bases within the immuno

192 , we demonstrate that APOBEC3G is capable of deaminating genomic cytosines in Saccharomyces cerevisia

193 required to phosphorylate, deacetylate, and deaminate GlcNAc to convert it to fructose-6-PO(4) (HXK1

194 liver antigen, tissue transglutaminase, and deaminated gliadin peptides; the most frequently detecte

195 ied by Moth1224 from Moorella thermoacetica, deaminates guanine to xanthine, and another subgroup, ex

196 hia coli bound to the cleaved authentic hemi-deaminated/hemi-methylated dcm sequence 5'-C-OH-3' 5'-p-

197 C3G (A3G) possesses RNA binding activity and deaminates HIV-1 DNA.

198 POBEC3s act as host restriction factors that deaminate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicatio

199 nces, we analyzed the fraction of adenosines deaminated in a given RNA at complete reaction, or the e

200 cally used glycopeptide anticancer agent, is deaminated in vitro by Blmh.

201 ase (CDA), the enzyme that otherwise rapidly deaminates/inactivates decitabine, severely limiting its

202 entify 24 other genes which are predicted to deaminate isoxanthopterin.

203 sequence in apo-B mRNA and docks apobec-1 to deaminate its target cytidine.

204 eveal that AAG is most adept at excising the deaminated lesion hypoxanthine (k(st)/k(non) = 10(8)), s

205 enzyme to enfold both purine and pyrimidine deaminated lesions or base pair mismatches.

206 Apo3G deaminates linear ssDNA in vitro with pronounced spatial

207 sted by enzymology experiments, and Arad3529 deaminated many pterin metabolites (substrate, k(cat)/K(

208 r, APOBEC3A (A3A), has been shown to readily deaminate mC, raising the prospect of broader activity o

209 as are mechanisms involving TDG excision of deaminated mC or hmC.

210 dified cytosine are further exaggerated when deaminating mC.

211 in brain norepinephrine (p < 0.001) and its deaminated metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol (p < 0.05).

212 no acids (BCAs) leucine/isoleucine and their deaminated metabolites, and lowered free fatty acids and

213 nism involving the RAG complex acting at AID-deaminated methyl-CpGs.

214 , one of the APOBEC members, was reported to deaminate methylated cytosine (mC) on DNA, and this mC d

215 dinucleotides because of imperfect repair of deaminated methylcytosines.

216 a virion-encapsidated cellular protein that deaminates minus-strand reverse transcript cytosines to

217 nzyme catalytic (APOBEC) polypeptides, which deaminates mRNA and single-stranded DNA.

218 OBEC3H haplotype II was able to processively deaminate multiple cytosines in a single enzyme-substrat

219 inhibits the replication of retroviruses by deaminating nascent retroviral cDNA cytosines to uracils

220 ts the replication of Vif-deficient HIV-1 by deaminating nascent viral cDNA cytosines to uracils, lea

221 APOBEC3A was able to deaminate nascently synthesized (-)DNA in an in vitro mo

222 otinamidase 1), which encodes an enzyme that deaminates nicotinamide, is both necessary and sufficien

223 However, AID also deaminates nonimmunoglobulin genes, and failure to faith

224 hisms could increase the burden of mutagenic deaminated nucleobases in DNA and interfere with gene ex

225 tion with analytical methods for quantifying deaminated nucleobases in DNA and RNA, we observed large

226 If not repaired, the deaminated nucleotides on the coding and noncoding stran

227 We found that AID deaminates on the displaced DNA strand across the entire

228 Furthermore, we show that AID will bind and deaminate only single-stranded DNA, which implies a dire

229 an cell extracts and discovered that several deaminated or alkylated nucleotides are efficiently remo

230 recursors dHapTP, dXTP and dITP that contain deaminated or aminogroup-modified purines.

231 mulative amount of dietary amino acids (AAs) deaminated over this 8-h period was 18.1 +/- 3.5%, 17.5%

232 ited roles in translesion DNA synthesis past deaminated, oxidized base lesions and/or UV-induced dama

233 ckbone and the action of DNA glycosylases on deaminated, oxidized, and alkylated bases are critical t

234 Although ADARs deaminate perfectly base-paired dsRNA promiscuously, dea

235 ch is known to hydroxylate position C5, also deaminates position C4 in a reaction implicating molecul

236 The isolated conjugate was converted to the deaminated product 2-hydroxy-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]q

237 followed by oxidative decarboxylation of the deaminated product branched-chain alpha-keto acids, cata

238 l-2'-deoxycytidine glycol in the form of its deaminated product, namely, thymidine glycol (Tg), in me

239 The deaminated products can be further metabolized by T. mar

240 hylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine but not the deaminated products.

241 which extrude nitrogen affording the desired deaminated products.

242 eering to generate Escherichia coli that can deaminate protein hydrolysates, enabling the cells to co

243 thesize fuels because of the difficulties of deaminating protein hydrolysates.

244 he repair of a wide variety of alkylated and deaminated purine lesions in DNA.

245 DNA glycosylases that remove alkylated and deaminated purine nucleobases are essential DNA repair e

246 anism for the AlkA-catalyzed excision of the deaminated purine, hypoxanthine.

247 s acting to prevent similar mutagenesis from deaminated purines in the DNA precursor pools.

248 We conclude that incorporation of deaminated purines into DNA is nonmutagenic.

249 s of the human BER pathway for the repair of deaminated purines, alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) a

250 ety of base lesions, including alkylated and deaminated purines, and initiating their repair via the

251 ed by AMV reverse transcriptase as A, and is deaminated rapidly by human ADAR2 to give (th)I.

252 presence of a Hoogsteen base pair within the deaminated recognition sequence and the substantial dist

253 reated DNA using primers complemetary to the deaminated sequences.

254 Since ADAR1 deaminates short RNAs at fewer adenosines than long RNAs

255 mA3 deaminates short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides pr

256 l total syntheses of the naturally occurring deaminated sialic acids KDN (2), a potential oncofetal a

257 tic hypermutation, and it has the ability to deaminate single-stranded DNA at cytidines.

258 APOBEC3G deaminates single-stranded DNAs via its C-terminal domai

259 -to-inosine (I) RNA deaminases, enzymes that deaminate specific A residues in specific pre-mRNAs to p

260 DRADA has been shown to deaminate specific adenosine residues in a subset of glu

261 different assays to demonstrate that AID can deaminate specifically cytidines on single-stranded (ss)

262 Furthermore, A3A binds and deaminates ssDNA in a length-dependent manner.

263 AID deaminates ssDNA, and restriction of mutagenesis to G(1)

264 the biochemical mechanism by which APOBEC3A deaminates ssDNA.

265 OBEC3G, exhibits low or no processivity when deaminating synthetic ssDNA substrates with two cytosine

266 Thus, it was shown that CPDs of TCG sites deaminate the fastest in vivo and that nucleosomes can m

267 1 virions and in the next round of infection deaminate the newly synthesized reverse transcripts.

268 ly, we observed that Xenopus and human ADAR1 deaminate the same adenosines on all RNAs tested, emphas

269 tosine within specific sequences (C5 Mtases) deaminate the target cytosine to uracil if the methyl do

270 ns but rather to the ability of Apobec3DE to deaminate the viral genome in target cells.

271 AID specifically deaminates the host immunoglobulin (Ig) locus to evolve

272 C) is difficult as the reaction products can deaminate to the corresponding thymine derivatives, maki

273 C and 5-methyl-C in CPDs are not stable and deaminate to U and T, respectively, which leads to the i

274 e C or 5-methyl-C in CPDs are not stable and deaminate to U and T, respectively, which leads to the i

275 hylcytosine ((m)C) are not and spontaneously deaminate to U or T at pH 7 and 37 degrees C over a peri

276 mC of a CPD is not mutagenic and must first deaminate to U or T, respectively, for A to be inserted

277 Once formed, m(3)C is deaminated to 3-methyluridine (m(3)U) by the same set of

278 e in the naturally occurring A.C mismatch is deaminated to approximately the same extent and only 4 t

279 nditions of excess enzyme, C/mC bases can be deaminated to completion in long DNA segments, regardles

280 ing is A-to-I editing, in which adenosine is deaminated to inosine, which is read as guanosine during

281 5-HmdC in DNA may be enzymatically deaminated to yield 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-H

282 mical instability of cytosine, which readily deaminates to uracil, a primitive genetic system compose

283 Phenylalanine and tryptophan are first deaminated (to 3-phenylpyruvate and 3-indolepyruvate, re

284 eral adenosine or cytidine deaminase enzymes deaminate transcript sequences in a cell type or environ

285 hat A3A can inhibit L1 retrotransposition by deaminating transiently exposed single-strand DNA that a

286 Cell, Herranz et al. demonstrate that LOXL2 deaminates trimethylated histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), w

287 fied by Avi5431 from Agrobacterium vitis S4, deaminates two oxidatively damaged forms of adenine: 2-o

288 ed by a single biotransformation reaction to deaminate tyrosine to pHCA through immobilized E. coli c

289 ted by the ability of adenosine deaminase to deaminate (tz)A as effectively as adenosine, the native

290 Ideally, bisulfite treatment deaminates unmethylated cytosines to uracils, and leaves

291 orthern" (3'-endo, N) sugar ring pucker were deaminated up to 65-fold faster and bound more tightly t

292 ed subgroups of enzymes with the capacity to deaminate various combinations of the adenosine analogue

293 The observation that C(m)CG dimers deaminate very slowly but at the same time correlate wit

294 e A3G molecules packaged in the virion first deaminate viral DNA as monomers before dimerizing to for

295 ons, where it exerts its antiviral effect by deaminating viral cDNA cytosines during reverse transcri

296 ry protein viral infectivity factor (Vif) by deaminating viral cDNA cytosines to uracils.

297 man immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by deaminating viral cDNA cytosines to uracils.

298 IV-1 restriction: packaging into virions and deaminating viral cDNA.

299 ced cyclobutane dipyrimidine dimers (CPD's), deaminate within hours to days.

300 has previously been shown to preferentially deaminate WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) motif hot spots in in v