ライフサイエンスコーパス: defend

1 l of treatment have proved hard to define or defend.

2 meda to become photosynthetic and chemically defended.

3 could not cost-effectively be delimited and defended.

4 imals--could be unambiguously demarcated and defended.

5 In the target article, Schilbach et al. defend a "second-person neuroscience" perspective that f

6 possess a remarkable ability to maintain and defend a constant internal milieu against diverse enviro

7 In building the case for this proposal, we defend a modified version of what is known as the higher

8 son, revert back their reverter, and come to defend a reverted editor.

9 sonal liability insurance, and 20 (28%) have defended a lawsuit related to nonclinical responsibiliti

10 Animals that benefit from defending a key resource from microbial competitors are

11 induces an allostatic regulatory state that defends a supranormal adipose mass despite its maladapti

12 that has developed where males are unable to defend access to multiple females.

13 mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend against a potential pathogen that has not co-evol

14 -in/del-A) impairs the ability of the RPE to defend against aging-related oxidative stress.

15 ondary metabolites or defense metabolites to defend against attack by pathogens and other biotic orga

16 We recently described that MCs defend against bacterial and viral infections through th

17 eptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes to defend against bacterial infection, and diverse syntheti

18 ze sequence-specific RNA-guided nucleases to defend against bacteriophage infection.

19 y into heat through uncoupled respiration to defend against cold stress.

20 s generate heat via uncoupled respiration to defend against cold.

21 asic biological mechanisms that may serve to defend against environmental challenges like contaminati

22 mes function at the core of RNA silencing to defend against exogenous RNA or to regulate endogenous g

23 that repair pathways may exist primarily to defend against exogenously induced DNA damage.

24 type-2 immune responses evolved primarily to defend against extracellular helminths, in part through

25 (Cas) proteins form the CRISPR/Cas system to defend against foreign nucleic acids of bacterial and ar

26 gonaute proteins repress gene expression and defend against foreign nucleic acids using short RNAs or

27 lerate colonization with commensal fungi but defend against fungal invasion.

28 mation stored as spacers in CRISPR arrays to defend against genetic invaders.

29 ry tract, alveolar macrophages are poised to defend against hantavirus infection, but those antiviral

30 s produce a wide range of allelochemicals to defend against herbivore attack, and generalist herbivor

31 ignal others of the same species and also to defend against host immunity and competing bacteria.

32 ve evolved antioxidant stress responses that defend against host plant defenses.

33 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome is to defend against host-produced nitric oxide (NO), a free r

34 y and/or secretion (anti-incretin effect) to defend against hyperinsulinemia-hypoglycemia.

35 F may serve as a counterregulatory effect to defend against hypertension.

36 components can be pharmaceutical targets to defend against hyperthermia and alleviate defective ther

37 ls (ILCs) patrol environmental interfaces to defend against infection and protect barrier integrity.

38 e modulated during pregnancy to concurrently defend against infection and tolerate the semiallogeneic

39 equence-specific RNA-guided endonucleases to defend against infection by viruses, bacteriophages, and

40 s expressed in the gut mucosa and that helps defend against infection, exhibit hyperphagia and develo

41 ic eukaryotic mechanisms used by the host to defend against infection.

42 t expresses antiviral restriction factors to defend against infection.

43 tricting the ability of the immune system to defend against infection.

44 the primary goal of the immune system is to defend against infections or to alert the host of tissue

45 triggers cell-intrinsic immune responses to defend against infections, whereas aberrant cytosolic ac

46 ment, to respond to friendly signals, and to defend against injurious foes.

47 inputs to maintain cellular homeostasis and defend against intracellular pathogens.

48 the dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids

49 Type II CRISPR systems defend against invasive DNA by using Cas9 as an RNA-guid

50 ive immune system in archaea and bacteria to defend against invasive nucleic acids from phages and pl

51 viduals with NAFL differ in their ability to defend against lipotoxicity.

52 ing through the LXRalpha nuclear receptor to defend against Listeria monocytogenes infection.

53 yotic cells can use the autophagy pathway to defend against microbes that gain access to the cytosol

54 d immunity that contributes to how metazoans defend against microbes with pathogenic potential.

55 ses can regulate innate immune mechanisms to defend against microbial pathogens.

56 in the JA pathway that enables the plant to defend against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous in

57 can act independently of proteins to either defend against or promote oxidative stress and disease.

58 repair foci; however, they do not vigorously defend against or repair this damage by upregulating the

59 ications, whether used to acquire nutrients, defend against other microbes, or resist the pressures o

60 te the potential of the basement membrane to defend against P. aeruginosa.

61 T-helper 2 (Th2) cell responses defend against parasites.

62 volution may have been driven by the need to defend against parasitic nucleic acids.

63 ene function disrupts the plant's ability to defend against pathogen attack, whereas overexpression o

64 ynthetic gas exchange, respiration rates and defend against pathogen entry.

65 The ability of the gut epithelium to defend against pathogens while tolerating harmless comme

66 A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or

67 Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas immune systems defend against phage infection by using Cas nucleases an

68 ats) mechanism allows bacteria to adaptively defend against phages by acquiring short genomic sequenc

69 Fear can be an adaptive emotion that helps defend against potential danger.

70 employ different innate immune mechanisms to defend against potential infections.

71 How cells defend against the cytotoxicity remains largely unknown.

72 r chaperones monitor protein homeostasis and defend against the misfolding and aggregation of protein

73 t all bacterial species possess systems that defend against the toxic effects of excess Cu.

74 To defend against these stresses, bacteria induce both resi

75 ther research is needed to understand how to defend against this risk for readmission.

76 e developed complex systems that exploit and defend against this vulnerability in different contexts.

77 evolved to recognize multiple substrates to defend against toxins made by the intestinal microbiota.

78 inflammasomes over evolutionary time not to defend against vertebrate-adapted pathogens but instead

79 The exact mechanisms by which neurons defend against virus infection is poorly understood, but

80 at strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate.

81 The respiratory tract is exceptionally well defended against infection from inhaled bacteria, with m

82 The immune system is tasked with defending against a myriad of microbial infections, and

83 herefore have better chances of successfully defending against brood parasitism.

84 te that ATF3 plays a key role in a mechanism defending against HPV-induced carcinogenesis, and could

85 ne may be used to develop therapies aimed at defending against human toxoplasmosis.

86 a the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP1, defending against hypothermia and obesity.

87 chemical energy in the form of heat, thereby defending against hypothermia, obesity, and diabetes.

88 l homeostasis and plays an important role in defending against inflammation bowel diseases.

89 to communicate via QS were less effective at defending against invaders targeted by any of the three

90 g intestinal commensal microbiota at bay and defending against invading enteric pathogens.

91 uch that healthy human volunteers moved from defending against losses to seeking increased gains.

92 anscription activation of the cus operon for defending against metals.

93 of antioxidant and detoxification metabolism defending against oxidised compounds.

94 CNS and the immune system are important for defending against pathogen attack.

95 In agreement with a role in defending against pathogens, XBAT35.2 interacts with def

96 atural killer (NK) cells play critical roles defending against tumors and pathogens.

97 e, suggesting that the mechanism by which C7 defends against bacteria may involve MAC formation, lead

98 m of programmed cell death, and specifically defends against bacterial pathogens that invade the cyto

99 ns unclear how the ER senses and effectively defends against cholesterol excess.

100 While the mechanisms by which the ER defends against cholesterol insufficiency are well descr

101 uting of hippocampal glutamatergic terminals defends against excitotoxicity.

102 ich is the value that the homeostatic system defends against fluctuations.

103 ctor2) triggers antioxidant defense genes to defends against homeostatic failure.

104 arbor a glucosinolate-myrosinase system that defends against insect predation.

105 Nitric oxide (NO) defends against intracellular pathogens, but its synthes

106 r "alternatively activated" phenotype, which defends against multicellular nematodes and fungi.

107 Understanding how S. pneumoniae defends against oxidative stress is far from complete, b

108 e-cysteine ligase (GCL) and GSH synthase and defends against oxidative stress, which promotes hepatic

109 The intestinal immune system defends against pathogens and entry of excessive intesti

110 The immune system defends against pathogens and maintains tissue homeostas

111 nity is a high-cost, high-benefit trait that defends against pathogens and noxious stimuli but whose

112 pGpp synthetase coded by the Phrann prophage defends against phage Tweety infection, but Tweety codes

113 ally quiescent Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 (NHE1) defends against PTC apoptosis, and is regulated by PI(4,

114 crucial to understand how the immune system defends against the cytotoxic Hb.

115 RNA interference defends against viral infection in plant and animal cell

116 During H(2)O(2) stress, E. coli defended all three proteins by inducing MntH, a manganes

117 species by delivering degradative enzymes to defend an ecological niche against competing bacterial s

118 The immune system is responsible for defending an organism against the myriad of microbial in

119 of immune response: personal immunity, which defends an individual, and social immunity, which protec

120 We defend and illustrate the psycho-historical framework wi

121 as recruiting third parties, to effectively defend and privatize crops.

122 onsidering ecological dynamics of chemically defended animals and coevolutionary predator-prey and mi

123 By mimicking the appearance of a heavily defended aposematic species, members of a second species

124 ended through to moderately defended, or not defended at all.

125 peats-CRISPR associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems defend bacteria against foreign nucleic acids, such as d

126 hydroperoxide reductase subunit F (a protein defending bacteria against hydrogen peroxide), but not i

127 ndicate that autophagy/lysosomal degradation defends beta cells against proteotoxicity induced by oli

128 vels of energy intake must also maintain and defend body weight over longer periods.

129 d that fitness costs increased on the better-defended Brassica oleracea cultivars.

130 on the warning color patterns of chemically defended butterflies forming multiple coexisting mimicry

131 nd lepidopteran species can thrive on plants defended by cyanogenic glucosides.

132 Stems are defended by jasmonate-dependent nicotine, and the native

133 ed to crucifer plants (Brassicales) that are defended by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, the so-

134 Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical s

135 Our data reveal a novel pathway, defended by the intra-S-phase checkpoint, by which MDM2

136 ) provides a final common path for cells to "defend" [Ca(2+)](i) during cellular injury.

137 cytotoxicity, which parallels their roles in defending cancer cells from cytotoxic drugs.

138 lar member of this family, suggesting it may defend cells against ROS in the extracellular environmen

139 To defend cells against viruses, the MAVS (mitochondrial an

140 Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is critical for defending cells from both acute and chronic stresses.

141 Autophagy recycles cellular components and defends cells against intracellular pathogens.

142 urce defence benefits that derive from group-defended critical resources and collective action benefi

143 veral rich populations will be challenged to defend current levels of freedom against worsening clima

144 ropose that ingestion analgesia functions to defend eating from ending.

145 Knuiman et al. defend fixed-effects modeling as the one that most effec

146 counter-intuitive decline in recovery of the defending fluid from weak imbibition to intermediate-wet

147 ading fluids, causing the residual amount of defending fluid to differ by one order of magnitude.

148 esults in more efficient displacement of the defending fluid up to a critical wetting transition, bey

149 ational Park (SCNP) use stones to pound open defended food, including locally indigenous cashew nuts

150 Thus, our findings show that macrophages are defended from HIV-1 infection by a mechanism that preven

151 , which are resource rich but are chemically defended from most consumers.

152 distinctive and physiologically important to defend genome integrity.

153 a small RNA-based innate immune system that defends germ cell genomes against transposons.

154 In turn, chemically defended gobies become more toxic after consumption of t

155 at is targeted at a person who cannot easily defend himself or herself; cyberbullying was additionall

156 Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) help defend host genomes against germline transposons.

157 m a single distribution is more difficult to defend if samples are collected at multiple locations in

158 ry predicts that within a plant, tissues are defended in proportion to their fitness value and risk o

159 have recently emerged as one paracrine axis defending intestinal mucosal integrity against mutationa

160 uced AxD and that axonal protection involves defending intracellular NAD(+) homeostasis.

161 y herbivores and pathogens, but how they are defended is rarely investigated.

162 cient regulation of internal homeostasis and defending it against perturbations requires adaptive beh

163 dopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a strategy to defend its leaves against herbivores is to accumulate gl

164 gatively affects the ability of the plant to defend itself against certain insects.

165 inosa exploits the ParS sensing machinery to defend itself against the host in response to dynorphin

166 he immune system is a way for host tissue to defend itself against tumor growth.

167 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) defends itself against host immunity and chemotherapy at

168 ons for understanding how the nervous system defends itself against virus infections.

169 obesity is a state in which the biologically defended level of body fat stores increases due to defec

170 is one of a potential suite of proteins that defend maize against chewing herbivores.

171 -like GTPase genes Myxovirus 1 (Mx1) and Mx2 defend mammals against a broad range of viral infections

172 CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems defend microbes against foreign nucleic acids via RNA-gu

173 ssociated genes (Cas) adaptive immune system defends microbes against foreign genetic elements via DN

174 satile mechanism of CRISPR immunity that can defend microorganisms against diverse DNA and RNA invade

175 ropose that despite the predominance of less defended mimics the three predatory guilds avoid the mim

176 fective at deterring predators - even mildly defended mimics were rarely eaten by a community of inve

177 cted access to good foraging habitat tend to defend more exclusive territories, having a lower degree

178 Bacteriophages (phages) defend mucosal surfaces against bacterial infections.

179 truct a complete branch in JA signaling that defends N. attenuata plants against herbivores: JA via M

180 We presented females that were defending nest-cavities with an unfamiliar female and as

181 In European starlings, females sing to defend nesting resources, and song can be considered ago

182 one approach vs. the other is all too often defended on the basis of strongly held beliefs, rather t

183 two interlinked ways: circulating ideas, and defending or criticizing the ideas of others.

184 e from highly defended through to moderately defended, or not defended at all.

185 We defend PASTOR as a comparatively parsimonious and transl

186 estricted after copulation because dominants defended paternity by mating repeatedly with the same fe

187 ped by plant secondary compounds (PSCs) that defend plants against herbivory.

188 rally to tritrophic interactions on trichome-defended plants, enhances an understanding of insect-pla

189 er RNA silencing plays a significant part in defending plants against wild-type viruses.

190 and energy intake depend on toxicity of the defended prey and the presence of Batesian mimics.

191 d that mutualism can occur between unequally defended prey that are visually distinct, although the b

192 act on the benefits of mimicry for unequally defended prey.

193 CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against bacteriophages and mobile gen

194 Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viral infection using CRISPR

195 CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viruses and plasmids.

196 R-Cas encodes an adaptive immune system that defends prokaryotes against infectious viruses and plasm

197 Consistent with its role in defending proteostasis, Sephin1 attenuated the IRE1 bran

198 viral responses must be tightly regulated to defend rapidly against infection while minimizing inflam

199 n and coordination when the group goal is to defend, rather than to expand, dominate, and exploit.

200 ullerian mimicry, where groups of chemically defended species display a common warning color pattern

201 defending themselves or by association with defended species, can persist by growing in places that

202 , reproduce, or recruit at faster rates than defended species.

203 r among larger seeded, slow-growing and well-defended species.

204 emodeling of the cell envelope as a means of defending spirochetes against threats engendered during

205 We hypothesize that SwmB defends Synechococcus WH8102 by interfering with attachm

206 aining eusocial shrimp - which cooperatively defend territories - were less phylogenetically related

207 in joint endeavours such as fighting floods, defending territory, and hunting.

208 ne systems initiate a series of responses to defend the body.

209 It also induces enzymes that defend the cell against the superoxide that such compoun

210 ion-dependent type IV restriction enzymes to defend the cell from T4-like infection.

211 Here we outline and defend the cultural intelligence (CI) hypothesis.

212 ansposable elements (TEs) serve primarily to defend the genome against deleterious effects associated

213 l cells, small RNA molecules, called piRNAs, defend the genome against selfish DNA elements such as t

214 hesize that the SIS RNAi pathway operates to defend the genome during sexual development.

215 w that the SIS RNAi pathway also operates to defend the genome via squelching transposon activity dur

216 nt an interpretation of mechanisms likely to defend the germline integrity of parasitic flatworms.

217 as well as the adaptive immune responses to defend the host against acute infection as well as chron

218 ast neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to defend the host against invading pathogens.

219 Proton pump inhibitors defend the mucosa from injury by promoting cellular rest

220 Specifically, when the role of helpers is to defend the nest, both males and females help, whereas wh

221 Other molecular regulators that defend the skin from global inflammation are likely to b

222 e's body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat.

223 that MRN-ATM also has critical functions in defending the cell against DNA viruses.

224 2 as a terminal oxidant while simultaneously defending the cell against its toxicity.

225 s its degradation by the MMR system, thereby defending the cell against killing by the Sn1-type methy

226 ve at capturing prey, constructing webs, and defending the colony, whereas docile females were more e

227 Defending the contrasting features of these territories

228 lso possess paralogs exclusively involved in defending the germline against mobile elements.

229 rectly and find that IFITM3 is essential for defending the host against influenza A virus in vivo.

230 ct the host cell with an NCLDV prey and (ii) defending the host cell against fatal NCLDV infections.

231 guests would harm their own interests by not defending the host that they continue to exploit.

232 s (out-group aggression) from those aimed at defending the in-group against possible out-group aggres

233 ral roles played by IFN-inducible GTPases in defending the mammalian cell's interior against a divers

234 eptors (TLRs) play a role in innate immunity defending the organism against infection, but their cont

235 ironment, such as attracting pollinators and defending the plant against pests.

236 Staunchly defending the status quo via turf wars is unlikely to co

237 The present study supports the arguments defending the use of wild and cultivated medicinal and a

238 ompounds, whereas in the enteric bacteria it defends the cell against the same agents.

239 tripartite system with a soldier caste that defends the colony.

240 ecognition protein and ubiquitin ligase that defends the cytoplasm from invasive pathogens.

241 way provides an RNA-based immune system that defends the germline genome against selfish genetic elem

242 The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway defends the germline of animals from the deleterious act

243 In this article, we demonstrate that CRP defends the human body against the toxicity of histones

244 viruses, but precisely how our immune system defends the lung against these invaders remains unclear.

245 Autophagy defends the mammalian cytosol against bacterial infectio

246 ransformed into glue-packed warriors able to defend their colony.

247 Mammalian cells deploy autophagy to defend their cytosol against bacterial invaders.

248 microbes, but microbes also produce AMPs to defend their environmental niche.

249 In a penalty shootout, a goalkeeper must defend their goal without teammate assistance while an o

250 any social animals, group-mates cooperate to defend their range against intrusion by neighboring grou

251 titive advantage, small groups can generally defend their ranges, even when greatly outnumbered.

252 ng one breeding attempt, females are able to defend their subsequent lifetime reproductive success.

253 hen induce overlapping sets of proteins that defend their vulnerable metalloenzymes.

254 alist bees that cooperatively maintained and defended their nest.

255 tory holders have to spend much more time in defending their own territory and lose the time to feed

256 ant symbioses, plants host ant colonies that defend them against herbivores.

257 e stabilized and reactivated plant toxins to defend themselves against a deadly symbiosis between the

258 s many prokaryotes have evolved the means to defend themselves against and even to derive energy from

259 ts make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers.

260 Plants effectively defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses by

261 y, bacteria have evolved numerous systems to defend themselves against H2O2, and the importance of th

262 Many plants defend themselves against herbivores by chemical deterre

263 One way that mammalian cells defend themselves against infection by retroviruses is w

264 traditional province of the immune system-to defend themselves against infection.

265 immunity is essential for host organisms to defend themselves against invasive microbes.

266 Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens through a

267 To defend themselves against noxious oxidation products, sk

268 Plants have two related immune systems to defend themselves against pathogen attack.

269 s likely one of the strategies plants use to defend themselves against pathogen infection.

270 verse responses mediated by phytohormones to defend themselves against pathogens and herbivores.

271 ects deploy cellular and humoral defences to defend themselves against pathogens and parasites.

272 have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens.

273 evolved a wide range of immune mechanisms to defend themselves against pathogens.

274 the most widespread means by which bacteria defend themselves against phages.

275 lmost all viruses have evolved mechanisms to defend themselves against the interferon system.

276 cells have evolved protective mechanisms to defend themselves against this damage.

277 Bacteria defend themselves against this H(2)O(2) by inducing a re

278 and describe its way of preparing plants to defend themselves against various attacks, among others

279 osts have evolved a variety of mechanisms to defend themselves against viruses.

280 toxic compounds, including procoagulants to defend themselves and incapacitate prey.

281 mPTP openings allow cardiac mitochondria to defend themselves collectively against elevated cytoplas

282 ea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves from infection by bacteriophages (phag

283 alian cells possess mechanisms to detect and defend themselves from invading viruses.

284 Plants use pattern recognition receptors to defend themselves from microbial pathogens.

285 To defend themselves from pathogen attack, plants often rel

286 , diurnal parasitoids of bees and wasps that defend themselves with a powerful sting.

287 dal attacks on vulnerable infants who cannot defend themselves.

288 We found that Pieris brassicae larvae defended themselves less readily when in groups than whe

289 tense herbivory, woody plants can persist by defending themselves or by association with defended spe

290 haracterized by intense herbivory, either by defending themselves or by thriving in risky areas where

291 ilines or myrmecomorphs living among ants or defending themselves through mimicry.

292 h toxic products of secondary metabolism and defending themselves via an arsenal of xenobiotic metabo

293 rine sponges contain aversive compounds that defend these organisms from predation.

294 rous methods, and so the empirical basis for defending these policies is weak.

295 Well-defended thorny Acacia trees (A. etbaica) were abundant

296 o vary in their level of defence from highly defended through to moderately defended, or not defended

297 In contrast, poorly defended trees (A. brevispica) were more abundant in hig

298 he native Microlaena stipoides was less well defended under eCO2 in terms of both phenolics and silic

299 ortant roles in fine-tuning gene expression, defending virus and controlling transposons.

300 the notion that increased oxidative capacity defends whole-body energy homeostasis and suggest that t