ライフサイエンスコーパス: defensin

1 lian and avian antimicrobial peptides (i.e., defensins).

2 ates JAs, (E)-alpha-bergamotene, TPIs, and a defensin.

3 refore be unambiguously classified as a beta-defensin.

4 lso to proper recognition by this antifungal defensin.

5 h colchicine to inhibit the release of alpha-defensins.

6 entified regulatory mechanism of Paneth cell defensins.

7 sins form a new structural subfamily of beta-defensins.

8 obial peptides, such as polymyxin B and beta-defensins.

9 pared with the already known vertebrate beta-defensins.

10 ral mechanism of toxin inactivation by human defensins.

11 o expands on the known capabilities of human defensins.

12 fide bridge array typical of vertebrate beta-defensins.

13 edict putative antimicrobial activity of our defensins.

14 icrobial peptides polymyxin B and avian beta-defensins.

15 iana significantly up-regulated thionins and defensins.

16 lass of cationic antimicrobial peptides, the defensins.

17 disulfide bonds, is characteristic of theta-defensins.

18 structure, stability, and activity of theta-defensins.

19 of large gene families and specifically, the defensins.

20 P = .01 and P = .02, respectively), and beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1; rs1800972; P = .001 and P = .0002, re

21 362); and measured the content of human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1) and hBD-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) in 192

22 tor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloprote

23 this study, we demonstrate that murine beta-defensin 1 (mBD1) is important for control of early muco

24 Furthermore, the downregulation of beta-defensin 1 and E-cadherin, and upregulation of hepatocyt

25 significantly downregulated, suggesting beta-defensin 1 plays a crucial role in liver cancer developm

26 Together, our results suggest beta-defensin 1 plays an important role in protecting HCV pro

27 o = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.85-10.1; p= 0.0007; beta-defensin 1 rs1800972, hazard ratio = 3.21; 95% CI, 1.36-

28 ong all the beta-defensins tested, only beta-defensin 1 was significantly downregulated, suggesting b

29 In this study, we demonstrated that beta-defensin 1 was significantly reduced in HCV-infected liv

30 t with that of WT in response to human alpha-defensin 1, mutant kinase F33A did not properly transcri

31 roteins are structured (melittin, human beta defensin 1, truncated human lymphotactin, Cytochrome C,

32 potential therapeutic agents to reverse beta-defensin 1-associated gene signature.

33 also positively correlated with that of beta-defensin 1.

34 tion, and certain AMPs, including human beta-defensins 1-3, have direct fungicidal activity.

35 udy include: 1) to localize human neutrophil defensin-1 (HNP-1) through HNP-3 in gingiva and in neutr

36 dase activity and H2O2 production as well as defensin-1 amount was observed in MW-treated samples.

37 olic acid differentially regulate human beta-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic epithelial cells.

38 Given that defensin-1 and H2O2 are regular antibacterial components

39 major bee-derived antibacterial components, defensin-1 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

40 th interferon and ribavirin upregulated beta-defensin-1, but not other beta-defensin tested, with the

41 ellogenin, immune system genes apidaecin and defensin-1, stress-related gene catalase and two genes l

42 ctivator receptor related protein-1 and beta-DEFENSIN 14 and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand follo

43 xpress the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 upon infection with M. tube

44 the role of some of these-such as human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) genomic (DEFB4) copy number (CN) vari

45 of the oral cavity, that induces human beta defensin 2 (hBD-2) in primary human oral epithelial cell

46 factor beta1 level increased, but human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2), HBD-3, and interleukin 8 levels decr

47 on of IL-1beta, IL-6, S100A7, and human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and a downregulated expression of the

48 ntimicrobial/host defense peptide human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) was found to be the mechanism underpin

49 regulation of the gene encoding the AMP beta-defensin 2 (HBD2), taken as a model of possibly specific

50 CH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human beta-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) and inn

51 hNP-1]), cutaneous beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 2 [hBD-2]), or the platelet kinocidin congener

52 vel role for two potent alarmins, human beta-defensin 2 and 3 (HBD2 and 3), in promoting IFN-alpha pr

53 tion of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 and is abrogated by digestion of milk HA with

54 Milk HA induction of human beta-defensin 2 expression is also reduced in the presence of

55 The expressions of filaggrin and human beta-defensin 2 in lesional skin of these patients were marke

56 ffect expression of antibacterial human beta defensin 2 or regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha

57 peptides (AMPs) (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin), as well as neutrophil and monoc

58 aining for AMPs (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin).

59 er major class of AMPs: i.e., the human beta-defensins 2 (hBD2) and 3 (hBD3).

60 Expression patterns of human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA or HBD-2 protein concentration a

61 pithelial antimicrobial peptides (human beta-defensin-2, human beta-defensin-3, cathelicidin LL-37, p

62 expression of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin 3 (BD3, Defb3).

63 r groups, and linked with data on human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin while ad

64 oferrampin B, MIP3alpha51-70, and human beta-defensin 3 (HBD-3), the latter requiring three disulfide

65 or IL-1beta and the beta-defensin Human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD-3).

66 We explored the gamma-core of human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) and found that it: (a) is the folding

67 gouti signaling protein (ASIP) or human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) interfere with ATR-pS435 generation, i

68 Human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3), which is produced in the skin, has be

69 d anti-microbial peptides such as human beta-defensin 3 (hBD3).

70 tigated the protective effect of murine beta-defensin 3 (mBD3), mBD4, and the cathelicidin cathelin-r

71 MC1R antagonists human beta-defensin 3 and agouti signaling protein blocked MSH- but

72 and induced keratinocyte production of beta-defensin 3, an antagonist for melanocortin 1 receptor.

73 induction of the antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 3, CRAMP, and chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor

74 obial peptides (AMPs), such as LL37 and beta-defensin 3.

75 Human beta defensin-3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell-derived antimicro

76 the activity of an ASL defensin, human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), and the cathelicidin-related peptide

77 efense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human beta-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-related G

78 peptides (human beta-defensin-2, human beta-defensin-3, cathelicidin LL-37, psoriasin) and cytokines

79 human ASL, and the human cationic AMPs beta-defensin-3, LL-37, and lysozyme to CFA or control.

80 or the host barrier, principally human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) and HD6.

81 Human defensin 5 (HD5) is a 32-residue host-defense peptide ex

82 Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) is an innate immune effector peptide se

83 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), block infection of non-enveloped virus

84 nteraction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV led to a proposed mechanism

85 the cysteine-rich host-defense peptide human defensin 5 (HD5).

86 from BE tissues, most cells did not express defensin-5, Muc-2, or chromogranin A, indicating that th

87 erized the structural features of human beta-defensin 6 (hBD6) and GAG interaction using a combinatio

88 Human alpha-defensin 6 (HD6) is a 32-aa cysteine-rich peptide of the

89 action is described for human enteric alpha-defensin 6, which forms structured nanonets to entrap ba

90 ed as are the variety of mechanisms by which defensins achieve this inhibition; however, additional r

91 In vivo, alpha defensin administration protected mice from inflammation

92 elucidates a new antiviral action for alpha-defensins against nonenveloped viruses in which HD5 dire

93 omal region downstream of the DEFA1A3 locus (defensin alpha 1-3) showed association with both disease

94 The mode of activity of human defensin alpha-1 against T. cruzi and its function may p

95 fensin alpha-1 to trypomastigotes shows that defensin alpha-1 binds to the flagellum, resulting in fl

96 dependent manner, which is abrogated by anti-defensin alpha-1 IgG.

97 In addition, defensin alpha-1 induces a significant reduction in para

98 Thus, human defensin alpha-1 is an innate immune molecule that is se

99 We also report the early effects of defensin alpha-1 on invasive trypomastigotes that involv

100 n of trypomastigotes with a concentration of defensin alpha-1 that inhibits 50% trypanosome motility

101 Short exposure of defensin alpha-1 to trypomastigotes shows that defensin

102 response to a human parasite by secretion of defensin alpha-1, which neutralizes the motility of a hu

103 to Trypanosoma cruzi infection by secreting defensin alpha-1, which reduces infection.

104 Humans express two types of defensins, alpha- and beta-defensins, which have antivir

105 Development of modified theta-defensin analogs provides an approach for creating novel

106 ensins and illustrate the potential of theta-defensin analogues as scaffolds for peptide drug design.

107 theta-Defensin analogues with different numbers and combinatio

108 ized through the diversification of its beta-defensin and butyrophilin-like repertoires.

109 A) to fungal phenotypes, sensitivity to Psd1 defensin and Galleria mellonella virulence.

110 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins and cathelicidins, are essential components of

111 s accompanied by enhanced expression of beta-defensins and CRAMP.

112 sights into the mechanism of action of theta-defensins and illustrate the potential of theta-defensin

113 ers E. faecalis more resistant to killing by defensins and less susceptible to focal targeting by the

114 cause an autoimmune response against enteric defensins and loss of Paneth cells.

115 uding neutrophil count, interleukin-8, alpha defensins and MMP-9, demonstrate highly replicable assoc

116 Samples were assessed for expression of defensins and other molecules by quantitative reverse tr

117 ncient and polymorphic gene families such as defensins and receptor-like kinases mediate intercellula

118 es, such as angiogenin 4 and alpha- and beta-defensins and regulated complement activation through ma

119 in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis where the defensins and the single human cathelicidin, LL-37, may

120 These defensins and their cognate peptides inhibited conidial

121 Urinary psoriasin and beta-defensin antimicrobial peptide levels were significantly

122 Importantly, the role of defensin antiviral activity in vivo has not been address

123 The beta-defensins are a class of small cationic proteins that se

124 Defensins are a major family of antimicrobial peptides e

125 Defensins are a well-known class of AMPs.

126 Defensins are an effector component of the innate immune

127 Enteric alpha-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by Paneth

128 Alpha defensins are antimicrobial peptides with expression in

129 We investigated whether enteric alpha-defensins are autoantigens in humans and mice with AIRE

130 Defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides that serve

131 Defensins are components of the innate immune system tha

132 Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial pepti

133 alpha, beta, and theta defensins are effectors of the innate immune system with

134 Human defensins are innate immune defense peptides with a rema

135 embranes, and inactivating bacterial toxins, defensins are known to intercept various viruses at diff

136 Human alpha-defensins are proteins of the innate immune system that

137 theta-Defensins are ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptides fo

138 Defensins are short cationic, amphiphilic, cysteine-rich

139 Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides capable of ne

140 Defensins are the 'Swiss army knife' in innate immunity

141 tionic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) such as defensins are ubiquitously found innate immune molecules

142 We identified defensins as novel peanut allergens (Ara h 12 and Ara h

143 The gene encoding HBD2, DEFB4A, is part of a defensin beta (DEFB) cluster on chromosome 8 that is var

144 d a decrease in RM and M compared with TA at defensin beta 1 (DEFB1; P = 0.008).

145 dividual transcripts as primarily epidermal (defensin, beta 4A [DEFB4A]) or dermal (IL22, cytotoxic T

146 Model systems to study defensin biology, including more physiologic models desi

147 We previously reported that synthetic theta-defensins called retrocyclins can neutralize and aggrega

148 and disruption of intracellular signaling by defensins can also inhibit viral replication.

149 In addition, defensins can function as chemokines to augment and alte

150 for the molecular structures and dynamics of defensin carbohydrate binding.

151 Defensins constitute an evolutionary conserved family of

152 ent bacterial species and identified a novel defensin, copsin.

153 rmation of complexes at a molar ratio of 2:1 defensin/CpG.

154 anules containing bactericidal proteins like defensins/cryptdins and lysozyme, PCs regulate the micro

155 sulfide exchange between the canonical alpha-defensin Cys(II)-Cys(IV) (Cys(5)-Cys(20)) bonds located

156 IL-8, TNF, IL-17A, CCL20, and the neutrophil defensins DEFA1 and DEFA3 were differentially regulated

157 ng components of the small intestinal (alpha-defensins Defa24 and Defa-rs1) and colonic (trefoil fact

158 Human beta defensin DEFB103 acts as both a stimulant and an attenua

159 MtDef5 consists of two defensin domains of 50 amino acids each linked by a 7-am

160 can be targeted to induce oligomerization of defensins during membrane permeabilization and demonstra

161 with antibacterial activities including beta-defensins, ELR-negative CXC chemokines, and the cathelic

162 es antimicrobial peptides, such as the alpha-defensins, encoded by DEFA1A3, is important in preventin

163 erent mechanism has been proposed to explain defensins' enigmatic efficiency toward various toxins.

164 te immune control, mediated in part by alpha-defensins expressed in the genital mucosa, may influence

165 ls restored the attenuated Paneth cell alpha-defensin expression characteristic of patients with ilea

166 tent S. aureus colonization by altering beta-defensin expression in keratinocytes of human skin.

167 sociations of both DEFB1 haplotypes and beta-defensin expression with S. aureus colonization.

168 w that these novel members of the I. ricinus defensin family differ phylogenetically and structurally

169 We investigated beta-defensin family expression in liver cancer in publicly a

170 This study displays the diversity of the defensin family in the tick I. ricinus.

171 Members of the defensin family of proteins have been reported in severa

172 beta-defensin family plays a role in host defense against vir

173 sis, we identified members of the human beta-defensin family that are both similar and dissimilar to

174 dies of additional members of the human beta-defensin family, examining their potential as ligands of

175 se physiological functions to members of the defensin family.

176 such as lactoferrin and members of the beta-defensin family.

177 helix of two right-handed coiled oligomeric defensin fibrils, the assembly of which is dependent upo

178 ort the identification of six novel putative defensins from I. ricinus at the genomic and transcripti

179 ERF1, the regulation and function of ERF6 in defensin gene activation is independent of ethylene.

180 A haplotype spanning multiple beta-defensin genes and containing 94 SNPs was significantly

181 risation of genetic variation in bovine beta-defensin genes and functional analysis supports a role f

182 ed sequencing (TS) of fertility-related beta-defensin genes and whole exome sequencing (WES).

183 that are prone to structural variation, and defensin genes exhibit extensive copy number variation i

184 tion delay correlated with a decrease in the defensin genes expression suggesting a diminution of ant

185 Defensin genes generally reside in complex genomic regio

186 Copy number variation of defensin genes was examined in inbred lines of Leghorn a

187 Conversely, alpha-defensin genes were upregulated in P9 tissues.

188 GRAIL P < .05), including 3 clusters of beta-defensin genes, 2 chemokine genes (CCL18 and CXCL12), an

189 So far, only two defensins had been identified from I. ricinus.

190 Each defensin has a hallmark gamma-core motif (GXCX(3-9) C),

191 Oligomerization of defensins has been linked to their antimicrobial activit

192 Defensins have direct antiviral activity in cell culture

193 The direct and indirect activities of defensins have led to their development as therapeutics

194 In addition, defensins have potent immunomodulatory activity that can

195 ynthetic theta-defensin RC-101, but not beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 or structurally related plant-

196 antimicrobial peptides including human beta defensins (HBD) has been reported in the amniotic fluid

197 Enteric ?-defensin HD5 and ?-defensin hBD2 shared similar toxin-unfolding effects wit

198 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides that have an

199 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are epithelial cell-derived cationic an

200 crobial peptides (AMPs) including human beta-defensins (HBDs) are expressed by hCVAM and that express

201 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) stimulate degranulation in rat peritone

202 Bile acids and epithelial-derived human beta-defensins (HbetaDs) are known to be important factors in

203 Enteric ?-defensin HD5 and ?-defensin hBD2 shared similar toxin-un

204 Previously, it has been reported that human defensin HD5 inactivates specific human adenoviruses by

205 In humans, the alpha defensin HD5 is produced by specialized epithelial cells

206 study examined the ability of a human alpha defensin, HD5, to neutralize JCPyV infection in human fe

207 ible to destabilizing effects of human alpha-defensins HNP-1 and HD-5 and the synthetic theta-defensi

208 tudy, we showed that binding of neutrophil ?-defensin HNP1 to affected bacterial toxins caused their

209 inflammatory mediator IL-1beta and the beta-defensin Human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD-3).

210 eutrophil peptide 1 [hNP-1]), cutaneous beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 2 [hBD-2]), or the platele

211 of relevant immune sources: neutrophil alpha-defensin (human neutrophil peptide 1 [hNP-1]), cutaneous

212 uctural study on the interaction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV led to

213 d the effect of pH on the activity of an ASL defensin, human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), and the catheli

214 action of the most abundant neutrophil alpha defensin, Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP1).

215 functional role in the action of human alpha-defensins; hydrophobicity-mediated high-order assembly e

216 ratinocytes, including the induction of beta-defensins, IL-19, IL-23p19, and T helper type 17-cell- a

217 synthesis of PA, is needed for entry of this defensin in N. crassa, but not in F. graminearum.

218 lag is the connection between the effects of defensins in cell culture models and viral pathogenesis

219 e to a debate over the role of enteric alpha-defensins in mucosal immunity against HIV-1 infection.

220 functional analysis supports a role for beta-defensins in regulating bull sperm function.

221 using transgenic mice expressing human alpha-defensins in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Def(+/+

222 ch is needed to fully understand the role of defensins in viral pathogenesis.

223 Recently we have found that human defensins inactivate proteinaceous bacterial toxins by t

224 to exerting direct antibacterial activities, defensins inactivate several classes of unrelated bacter

225 ility and conformational plasticity and that defensin-induced unfolding is a key element in the gener

226 Defensin-induced unfolding promoted exposure of hydropho

227 esignated it FAD-I (Fusobacterium-associated defensin inducer).

228 alpha-defensins, molecular details for beta-defensin inhibition are mostly lacking.

229 We also demonstrate that cationic human beta-defensins interact with E. faecalis at discrete septal f

230 at protein susceptibility to inactivation by defensins is contingent to their thermolability and conf

231 Overall, the antiviral activity of defensins is well established as are the variety of mech

232 However, in contrast to the other defensins, it lacks appreciable bactericidal activity.

233 been addressed due to the lack of a complete defensin knockout model.

234 Accelerated Def(+/+) mice developed alpha-defensin.LDL complexes that accelerate the clearance of

235 The nodule cysteine-rich (NCR) groups of defensin-like (DEFL) genes are one of the largest gene f

236 chemotaxis, several of these molecules have defensin-like antibacterial properties.

237 LCE3 proteins, and LCE3A in particular, have defensin-like antimicrobial activity against a variety o

238 ed between conditions and include especially defensin-like genes.

239 iven by host cells through the production of defensin-like peptides called "nodule-specific cysteine-

240 tion domain-containing proteins (NOD2), beta-defensins, macrophages, dendritic cells, mucins, autopha

241 he mode of infection, and that antimicrobial defensins may play a general role in mosquito defense ag

242 AMP; human LL-37 orthologue), and mouse beta defensin (mBD)-3 and -4 (human BD-2 orthologue) was comp

243 d code" that identifies target membranes for defensin-mediated attack as part of a first line of defe

244 ificant mechanistic data are known for alpha-defensins, molecular details for beta-defensin inhibitio

245 The plant defensin, MtDef4, inhibits growth of the ascomycete fung

246 ue gene encoding a highly cationic bi-domain defensin MtDef5 has been identified in a model legume Me

247 dance of chromogranin A, gut hormones, alpha-defensin, mucin 2, Na(+)/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1

248 nism for fungal and tumor cells by the plant defensin NaD1 that acts via direct binding to the plasma

249 here is evidence for paradoxical escape from defensin neutralization or enhancement of viral infectio

250 Here we show that the plant defensin NsD7 targets the phospholipid phosphatidic acid

251 Growing evidence suggests that theta-defensins offer the best opportunity for therapeutic dev

252 studied the effect of human neutrophil alpha-defensins on low density lipoprotein (LDL) trafficking,

253 ng, mucin expression, antimicrobial peptides/defensins, or proinflammatory cytokines in 3-D vaginal e

254 d provide novel structural insights into how defensin orchestrates leukocyte recruitment through GAG

255 informing the antiviral mechanisms of alpha-defensins, our studies highlight the critical role of fu

256 ts sequence is related to antimicrobial beta-defensin peptides.

257 dysbiosis due to reduced expression of alpha-defensins, Pigr, and Nox1.

258 Human defensins play a fundamental role in the initiation of i

259 Defensins play an important role in plant defense agains

260 plications for our understanding of the role defensins play in melanocortin physiology.

261 ve NOD2 function can result in reduced alpha-defensin production by intestinal Paneth cells and that

262 n epitope-based immunogens based on a cyclic defensin protein, as well as a bivalent immunogen with t

263 nsins HNP-1 and HD-5 and the synthetic theta-defensin RC-101, but not beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2

264 We propose, that defensins recognize and target a common and essential ph

265 microM) inhibited both basal and DCA-induced defensin release.

266 We previously reported that alpha defensins, released from apoptotic human neutrophils, au

267 stions regarding the antiviral activities of defensins remain.

268 y HD6 functions differently from other human defensins remains unclear.

269 theta-Defensin RTD-1 is a noncompetitive inhibitor of anthrax

270 The rhesus theta-defensin RTD-1 protects mice from an experimental severe

271 The diversity of defensin-sensitive viral species reflects a multitude of

272 On microbial cell cultures, the peanut defensins showed inhibitory effects on the mold strains

273 functional testing of a subset of these beta-defensins showed that peptides with an HBD3-like electro

274 acked Paneth cells and were seropositive for defensin-specific autoantibodies; the presence of autoan

275 Aire(-/-) mice developed defensin-specific T cells that cause intestinal defects

276 Aire(-/-) mice developed defensin-specific T cells.

277 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), block i

278 These include direct defensin targeting of viral envelopes, glycoproteins, an

279 egulated beta-defensin-1, but not other beta-defensin tested, with the extent and duration of upregul

280 e datasets and found that among all the beta-defensins tested, only beta-defensin 1 was significantly

281 ater expressions of osteoprotegerin and beta-defensins than group EP (P <0.05).

282 t through the activation of DEFB103, a human defensin that can inhibit muscle differentiation.

283 present in the two gamma-core motifs of this defensin that eliminate oligomerization also knockout it

284 MtDef5 is the first bi-domain plant defensin that exhibits potent broad-spectrum antifungal

285 ress in our understanding of alpha and theta-defensins - the two structural classes composed of membe

286 he expression of antimicrobials such as beta-defensins, the cathelicidin LL-37, cytokeratin-derived a

287 articular, and unlike lantibiotics and other defensins, the third position of the lipid II pentapepti

288 The families included defensins, thionins, hevein-like peptides, snakins, cycl

289 Thus, the ability of defensins to enhance cellular uptake of nucleic acids ca

290 l multiplicity and mechanistic complexity of defensins under different experimental conditions contri

291 When the defensin was ectopically expressed in leaves, performanc

292 Enteric defensins were detected in extraintestinal tissues of pa

293 ur knowledge, this is the first example of a defensin which inhibits the growth of two ascomycete fun

294 nd CXCL5), and antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins), which act in concert to limit fungal overgro

295 ress two types of defensins, alpha- and beta-defensins, which have antiviral activity against both en

296 database identified the allergens as peanut defensins, which was confirmed by using mass spectrometr

297 plexity, as well as therapeutic potential of defensins, will continue to attract attention to this im

298 iated high-order assembly endows human alpha-defensins with an extraordinary ability to acquire struc

299 idespread downregulation of alpha- and theta-defensins with anti-HIV activity, which are not expresse

300 4 from Medicago spp. are small cysteine-rich defensins with potent antifungal activity against a broa