ライフサイエンスコーパス: defocus

1 among animals that wore a plus lens (myopic defocus).

2 efocus); or +3, +4, +5, +6, or +10 D (myopic defocus).

3 opiagenic effect of the -5-D lens (hyperopic defocus).

4 t is unknown how biological systems estimate defocus.

5 leading to light scattering and first-order defocus.

6 ssion of the HAS2 gene in response to myopic defocus.

7 bjectionable blur responses to positive lens defocus.

8 Glucagon may signal the sign of defocus.

9 d by long daily periods of imposed hyperopic defocus.

10 en, while adequately controlling for optical defocus.

11 of FDT perimetry decreases its robustness to defocus.

12 l observers in the presence of up to +6 D of defocus.

13 tested in the presence of moderate levels of defocus.

14 s and thins in response to imposed hyperopic defocus.

15 range of +0.50 diopter to -1.50 diopters of defocus.

16 alter the course of compensation to imposed defocus.

17 the treated eyes compensated for the imposed defocus.

18 and 99% of patients were within 1 diopter of defocus.

19 PALs caused a myopic shift in peripheral defocus.

20 creased atRA synthesis in response to myopic defocus.

21 V2 of monkeys reared with chronic monocular defocus.

22 exposed to a greater percentage of negative defocus.

23 , and separated somewhat at higher levels of defocus (3 diopters [D]).

24 The compensation of defocus aberrations is also used for the measurement of

25 al- and high-light-reared monkeys, hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation and prod

26 -3 D lenses that produced relative hyperopic defocus across the entire field of view.

27 Here, Ryan et al. tackle first-order defocus, an artefact of a non-uniform refractive index,

28 ront root mean square (RMS) error (excluding defocus and astigmatism) was tracked across repeated mea

29 separate lenses are deployed to correct the defocus and astigmatism.

30 ngdom and for developing optimal image-based defocus and depth estimation algorithms for computationa

31 differences in imaging conditions, i.e., in defocus and in whole-particle projections versus thin to

32 The association between peripheral defocus and the 1-year change in central myopia was inve

33 ime course depending strongly on the sign of defocus and the ocular component.

34 oroid thickens in response to imposed myopic defocus and thins in response to imposed hyperopic defoc

35 ion of active PLK1, which leads to increased defocusing and phosphorylation of the mitotic centrosome

36 n paraxial defocus (associated to changes in defocus) and by evaluating the differences in the effect

37 ved by monochromatic aberrations (other than defocus) and chromatic aberrations; chromatic aberration

38 ew retinas as being different from hyperopic defocus, and myopic defocus can sometimes counteract the

39 action, small pupillary diameters (<5.5 mm), defocusing, and excessive high or low camera gain.

40 Product stoichiometry, particle-size defocusing, and kinetic evidence are reported consistent

41 exceeds the performance of the conventional defocus approach.

42 t are difficult to solve by the conventional defocus approach.

43 The initial retinal responses to defocus are quite different from those when the eye grow

44 cal designs that result in peripheral myopic defocus as a potential way to slow myopia progression.

45 appropriately manipulate peripheral retinal defocus as one approach to controlling human myopia prog

46 as obtained by analyzing changes in paraxial defocus (associated to changes in defocus) and by evalua

47 evaluating the differences in the effective defocus (associated with defocus, spherical aberrations,

48 ain aberrations induced by decentration were defocus, astigmatism, and coma.

49 SVLs caused a hyperopic shift in peripheral defocus at all locations (all P </= 0.0003).

50 m first principles how to optimally estimate defocus at each location in any individual image.

51 ly at a particular wavenumber while they are defocused at other wavenumber values.

52 er discontinuing PAL wear supports hyperopic defocus-based theories such as accommodative lag; howeve

53 Defocus blur is nearly always present in natural images:

54 Depth from defocus blur relies on fewer assumptions and has the sam

55 rivation by translucent occluders, spherical defocus by -10- or +10-D lenses, and constant light.

56 sion yeast based on spindle pole microtubule defocusing by loss of kinesin-14 Pkl1, leading to kinesi

57 Optically imposed defocus can alter the shape and pattern of peripheral re

58 amounts of negative spherical aberration and defocus can be induced in eyes implanted with adjustable

59 The results demonstrate that peripheral defocus can influence both peripheral and central refrac

60 different from hyperopic defocus, and myopic defocus can sometimes counteract the myopiagenic effect

61 Time-integrated increased retinal defocus causing axial elongation is proposed as a possib

62 l length lens to correct for a wide range of defocus commonly found in patient's eyes, and a novel mu

63 through a plano lens for 45 minutes (minimal defocus) consistently prevented the development of axial

64 The defocus curve confirmed good visual acuity also in the i

65 onferroni test for detection of PD, ACD, and defocus curve differences from before to after the opera

66 Binocular defocus curve showed peaks with best visual acuity (VA)

67 Defocus curve testing was performed in photopic and meso

68 itivity testing and another 114 subjects for defocus curve testing, along with 78 subjects randomized

69 The respective defocus curve was evaluated using Early Treatment Diabet

70 st sensitivity, intraocular aberrations, and defocus curve were evaluated postoperatively during a 3-

71 In the defocus curve, significantly better visual acuities were

72 and DCVA in 4 m, 80 cm, and 40 cm (logMAR); defocus curve; CS; and quality-of-vision questionnaire r

73 after surgery patients underwent: monocular defocus curve; monocular and binocular uncorrected visua

74 Defocus curves between -5.0 D and +1.5 D were evaluated

75 Significant differences were observed in defocus curves for photopic and mesopic conditions (p <

76 Defocus curves revealed a loss of half a Snellen line at

77 Defocus curves showed a statistically significant differ

78 The monocular defocus curves showed that the best visual acuity was re

79 The contrast sensitivity, defocus curves, and a questionnaire evaluating individua

80 commodation was measured subjectively, using defocus curves, and objectively, with an open-field auto

81 VA in 4 m, 80 cm, 60 cm, and 40 cm (logMAR), defocus curves, CS, and quality-of-vision questionnaire

82 sitivity without glare, halos or starbursts, defocus curves, optical scatter, retinal point spread fu

83 Subjective accommodation, as determined from defocus curves, was 3.05 +/- 1.06, 3.87 +/- 1.27, and 5.

84 ut differentiating method of evaluating MIOL defocus curves.

85 implies that periods of myopic and hyperopic defocus do not add linearly.

86 als with the substituted plano lens (minimal defocus) during the 45-minute period showed no axial elo

87 ing the psychophysics and neurophysiology of defocus estimation in species across the animal kingdom

88 c therapy) with (n = 22) or without (n = 22) defocused ESWT (100 impulses/cm at 0.1 mJ/mm) applied on

89 ic force microscopy and particle tracking by defocused fluorescence microscopy.

90 MD was significantly affected by defocus for the customized FD perimeter only, and PSD wa

91 Defocus from -3.0 diopters (D) to +3.0 D was added to co

92 Increased hyperopic defocus from accommodative lag may be a consequence rath

93 zone lenses, the P designs (i.e., peripheral defocus) had greater effects than the C designs (i.e., c

94 In normal observers, optical defocus has little effect on FDT perimetry sensitivity a

95 Peripheral defocus, higher-order aberrations, and accommodation int

96 A depth-from-defocus image processing technique is developed to track

97 red with a recent approach that uses a fixed defocused image selection strategy over an image data se

98 ial optimization strategy to select specific defocused images from each image stack such that set com

99 n theoretic approach to segment bright field defocused images.

100 ng information from microscopic bright field defocused images.

101 ular processes with microscopic bright field defocused imaging has the advantage of low phototoxicity

102 to switch back and forth between focused and defocused imaging, thereby getting the centroid and the

103 ion for 3D particle tracking was obtained by defocused imaging.

104 Brief periods of myopic defocus imposed by positive lenses prevent myopia caused

105 Chick eyes compensate for the defocus imposed by positive or negative spectacle lenses

106 Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses by changing their ra

107 As found for paraxial defocus, the effective defocus in Crystalens eyes did not show significant diff

108 he COMET rationale (i.e., a role for retinal defocus in myopia progression).

109 of form deprivation, the effects of optical defocus in primates are dominated by mechanisms that int

110 for the COMET rationale-that is, a role for defocus in progression of myopia.

111 ver one eye that produced relative hyperopic defocus in the nasal field (NF) but allowed unrestricted

112 PALs caused a myopic shift in peripheral defocus in three of four locations measured (all P </= 0

113 role of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) in defocus-induced ocular growth using gene expression chan

114 ick, compensation for experimentally induced defocus involves changes in the thickness of the choroid

115 equency, active elimination regions radially defocus ions toward the lens walls.

116 However, it appears that minimal defocus is a more consistent, strong antidote to a myopi

117 Thus, myopic defocus is encoded by at least some tree shrew retinas a

118 Despite the fact that defocus is of great behavioral, perceptual, and biologic

119 which the sign ambiguity often attributed to defocus is resolved by monochromatic aberrations (other

120 results strengthen the case that the sign of defocus is used to direct eye growth.

121 Monocular defocusing lenses were worn for 10-15 days from 12 days

122 Monocular defocusing lenses were worn for 5 days from 17 days of a

123 sts that treatments aimed at reducing foveal defocus may not be as effective as previously thought in

124 Nonlinear waves in defocusing media are investigated in the framework of th

125 mic balance between self-focusing and plasma defocusing - mediated by the Kerr nonlinearity and multi

126 with multifocal lenses that include positive defocus might be an effective treatment to control myopi

127 or children with absolute superior hyperopic defocus (n = 17; difference = 0.27 D; P = 0.002).

128 D for children with absolute superior myopic defocus (n = 67) and -0.65 D for children with absolute

129 ing, sharp distinctions between focusing and defocusing nonlinearities, including the role of long wa

130 ctive plasma frequency, either a focusing or defocusing nonlinearity is observed.

131 hildren are like chicks and if the hyperopic defocus of long daily periods of reading predisposes a c

132 This approach eliminates defocusing of the ion beam by the ion-transfer optics as

133 any steps in the transport cycle, as well as defocusing of the membrane electric field, may be combin

134 The effect of defocus on frequency-doubling (FD) sensitivity was deter

135 f pupil diameter, ablation decentration, and defocus on retinal image quality was measured by using t

136 In addition, the effect of defocus on the summary indices (mean deviation [MD], and

137 er effects than the C designs (i.e., central defocus) on both on-axis eye growth and refractions.

138 t retardance decreased when the filament was defocused or the numerical aperture of the imaging syste

139 D, -3 D (hyperopic defocus); plano (minimal defocus); or +3, +4, +5, +6, or +10 D (myopic defocus).

140 the fluorophore, which can be calculated by defocused orientation and position imaging (DOPI).

141 n or letter discrimination was unaffected by defocus over a large range (up to 6 D).

142 in group A for intermediate vision levels of defocus (P </= 0.04).

143 wing spherical powers: -5 D, -3 D (hyperopic defocus); plano (minimal defocus); or +3, +4, +5, +6, or

144 are used to generate an alternating focusing/defocusing potential well in two orthogonal directions.

145 Myopic defocus prevented compensation in some but not all anima

146 Conversely, nasal-field hyperopic defocus produced relative myopia that was largely restri

147 ly significant difference between groups for defocus ranging from -4.50 to -0.50 diopters (D) (P < .0

148 sual system compensates for small changes in defocus relative to the typical amounts of hyperopic ref

149 The effects of episodes of defocus rise rapidly with episode duration to an asympto

150 he adequacy of the simulation, progressively defocused series of images were taken of several volunte

151 Analysis of the progressively defocused series taken of volunteers yielded similar res

152 ized phase II study, application of a single defocused shock wave treatment to the superficial second

153 on of BMP2 in chick RPE shows bidirectional, defocus sign-dependent changes is suggestive of a role f

154 the effect of imposing negative and positive defocus simultaneously on the eye growth and refractive

155 Imposing hyperopic and myopic defocus simultaneously using concentric contact lenses r

156 es in the effective defocus (associated with defocus, spherical aberrations, and pupil diameter) with

157 al microtubules, malformed mitotic spindles, defocused spindle poles, and mispositioning of spindles

158 was significantly better postoperatively for defocus stimuli between 0 and -3 D.

159 ficantly from the zero-stimulus position for defocus stimuli of >/=-3 D and >/=-2D, respectively; mea

160 on thresholds remained coincident at maximum defocus, suggesting that the artifact was not detectable

161 On average, the defocus term (Z2(0)), astigmatism, or higher-order aberr

162 At 3 months defocus testing, binocular contrast sensitivity (CS) und

163 cm, 60 cm, and 40 cm slit-lamp examination; defocus testing; contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopi

164 As found for paraxial defocus, the effective defocus in Crystalens eyes did no

165 In response to full-field hyperopic defocus, the eye developed relative central axial myopia

166 al surface using 1 min of exposure (5 watts, defocused to 70 W/cm2 power density for both lasers).

167 VSX and equivalent defocus values indicated significantly poorer optical qu

168 ng Visual Strehl ratios (VSX) and equivalent defocus values.

169 tifacts may be detectable in the presence of defocus was assessed.

170 Superior myopic defocus was associated with less central myopia progress

171 Hyperopic defocus was imposed on 27 monkeys by securing -3 diopter

172 In the other eyes (9/20) myopic defocus was ineffective in blocking compensation; the tr

173 ont error (excluding tilts, astigmatism, and defocus) was significantly positively correlated with ag

174 s from 34 micrographs at different levels of defocus were combined, imposing icosahedral symmetry.

175 al thickness in response to brief periods of defocus were measured.

176 compensates for either negative and positive defocus when they are imposed individually.

177 Superior retinal defocus when wearing either SVLs or PALs was associated

178 ied significantly with the amount of optical defocus, whereas acuity for grating resolution or letter

179 deg, 25 Hz) increased 0.1 log unit with +6 D defocus, whereas thresholds for smaller, higher spatial

180 d the technique to include a small amount of defocus which enables contrast transfer function measure

181 Here, we use defocused wide-field imaging to examine the unidirection

182 kelihood that transient periods of hyperopic defocus will cause myopia.

183 on, the chemical pattern can be "focused and defocused" within the 3D cross section.