ライフサイエンスコーパス: delocalized

1 n which the unpaired electron is extensively delocalized.

2 -GlcNAc levels are increased and OGT and OGA delocalized.

3 Au, bonding of the latter two being broadly delocalized.

4 O analysis shows that the aromatic system is delocalized.

5 e only monomeric radical which remains fully delocalized.

6 riplet state is again found to be completely delocalized.

7 r being highly molecular and the latter more delocalized.

8 excited states of these nanorings are highly delocalized.

9 ontrast, nucleosomes in MIC are dramatically delocalized.

10 The reaction most likely proceeds via a delocalized 2-aza-pentadienyl anion that cyclizes either

11 es are MoModeltadelta* for both I and II but delocalized (3)MLCT for I(') and localized (3)MLCT for I

12 ne axes, while their LUMOs remain relatively delocalized across the molecule, except in cruciforms su

13 akin to diphenylmethyl with spin extensively delocalized across the NHC, BH, and aryl units.

14 ed spin having distinct P-like character and delocalized among the icosahedral Au(13) core of the par

15 yeast lacking Nup132 (Sc/HuNUP133), Ulp1 is delocalized and can no longer antagonize sumoylation of

16 In the absence of SpmX, DivJ is delocalized and dysfunctional, resulting in developmenta

17 electrostatic interactions with the DNA are delocalized and followed by aquation to form the monoaqu

18 ined states to band-like charge transport in delocalized and hybridized states of strongly coupled QD

19 elding pattern implies the existence of both delocalized and localized currents that have a dominant

20 he self-assembly of diamondoids, form highly delocalized and symmetric electron-deficient structures.

21 Finally, we show that the vacancies are delocalized and therefore hard to detect.

22 kinase previously found to be overexpressed, delocalized, and constitutively active in CLL cells.

23 The delocalized, anticorrelated component of pigment vibrati

24 gy transfer mechanism leads to excitation of delocalized, anticorrelated vibrational wavepackets on t

25 Here we report a delocalized arene-bridged diuranium SMM.

26 is an arylperoxo Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) species with delocalized aryl radical character.

27 he centers of the tumors but were reduced or delocalized at the boundary.

28 e for collective behavior of macroscopically delocalized atomic states, a crucial element for new pro

29 s (COEs), molecules that are defined by a pi-delocalized backbone and terminal ionic pendant groups,

30 the IR photons promote bound charge pairs to delocalized band states, similar to those formed just af

31 acilitated through the formation of excited, delocalized band states.

32 the Fermi energy lies in a partially filled delocalized band.

33 in seedlings exposed to stress, but becomes delocalized before being degraded following removal of s

34 accelerate for photoexcited states that are delocalized between the two subsystems.

35 ed as either localized on one sulfur atom or delocalized between two indistinguishable sulfur atoms.

36 ments of sterols indicates a role for highly delocalized bicyclobutonium ions in biosynthesis.

37 in an effective Hamiltonian that couples the delocalized Bogoliubov modes of the two mechanical oscil

38 chemical bond is generally given in terms of delocalized bonding orbitals, or, alternatively, in term

39 The results support extensive delocalized bonding to the apical ligands in the classic

40 Bonding and charge density analyses indicate delocalized bonding within the gold host and the (Au,T)3

41 s observed experimentally arises mostly from delocalized bound-state excitations of the electron rath

42 g 7 times faster for quinones attached via a delocalized bridge as compared to a saturated alkane cha

43 The use of delocalized bridges for tethering quinones to electrodes

44 ractions are shown to localize the initially delocalized bright state onto a pair of monomers.

45 ectrum because their core-excited states are delocalized by coupling with the gold substrate.

46 a polarization of the pi electrons along the delocalized C2-C1-O system in the key cyclopropyl-carben

47 and 3(2H)-thiophenone (3H-S) by a series of delocalized carbanions and by CN(-), and the identity pr

48 scertain the effect of alkyl substituents on delocalized carbon chains of this type.

49 In this regard, delocalized carbon-based radical species with unpaired s

50 imerization/condensation to furnish unusual, delocalized cationic systems.

51 in the droplets) yielding anions with highly delocalized charge [quantified by the weighted average p

52 nd physical or chemical properties of excess delocalized charge carriers in semiconductor nanocrystal

53 Photoexcitation leads to the formation of a delocalized charge resonance state (S1) that relaxes qui

54 eparated blends and the intermediate role of delocalized charge transfer states.

55 ominated by molecular (Frenkel) exictons and delocalized charges are promptly produced (t < 100 fs).

56 solvent polarity and large anions exhibiting delocalized charges at low solvent polarities.

57 nction as molecular wires with transport via delocalized charges, rather than the hopping mechanism t

58 omatic and antiaromatic molecules-which have delocalized circuits of [4n + 2] or [4n] electrons, resp

59 esults in electron localized Class II-III or delocalized Class III structures that display distinct N

60 y narrow asymmetric bands, characteristic of delocalized class-III bis(diarylamino) species, to narro

61 re discussed within the framework of a fully delocalized cluster exhibiting strong double and direct

62 ong contributions to the binding energy from delocalized, collective charge fluctuations-in contrast

63 impact of the base pair substitutions on the delocalized conduction channels.

64 -type) colloidal ZnO nanocrystals possessing delocalized conduction-band (CB) electrons can be formed

65 nanocrystals (NCs) involves recombination of delocalized conduction-band electrons with copper-locali

66 also contains a complementary component with delocalized conduction-band-like character.

67 n of binding function appears to occur via a delocalized conformational entropy mechanism.

68 f the two boron pz-type orbitals, with small delocalized contributions of the 9-borafluorenyl pi syst

69 model, on the superconducting side, one has delocalized Cooper pairs but localized vortices; while o

70 this system into a superconducting fluid of delocalized Cooper pairs in momentum space (k-space).

71 lack the characteristics of excitations from delocalized Cooper pairs.

72 Then, this delocalized CT exciton relaxes in energy to produce CT s

73 und that CT at the interface first populates delocalized CT excitons with a coherent size of 4 nm.

74 Its photoexcitation forms a delocalized CT state with well-preserved ion bands despi

75 lts support a model of charge separation via delocalized CT states independent of excess heterojuncti

76 formulation of the CuA center as an electron-delocalized Cu(1.5)-Cu(1.5) system implicates both Cu(II

77 y of alpha-Fe, chi-Fe5C2 and theta-Fe3C with delocalized d electrons.

78 nitial bright singlet state (species I) to a delocalized dark state (species II), driven by interacti

79 ws that all of the above compounds are fully delocalized despite differences among the sites of lithi

80 nding and antibonding linear combinations of delocalized dioxolene (SQ/Cat) valence frontier molecula

81 6 but also the chromodomain protein Chp1 are delocalized during S phase.

82 aggressive and inflammatory in nature, with delocalized E-cadherin and elevated expression of Il23a,

83 I) borates, a Pu 6p orbital is observed with delocalized electron density on basal oxygen atoms contr

84 Their conjugated backbones support delocalized electronic excitations, which dynamics is st

85 nd can be switched between its localized and delocalized electronic forms.

86 In contrast, the delocalized electronic states detectable by quasiparticl

87 mplexes lead to highly coherent domains with delocalized electronic states displaying metallic behavi

88 s owe their optoelectronic properties to the delocalized electronic structure along their conjugated

89 zations reveal that the metal centers have a delocalized electronic structure, and that their true ge

90 oviding evidence for an S=6 ground state and delocalized electronic structure.

91 L-edge XAS in experimentally defining highly delocalized electronic structures.

92 rstanding the coupling between localized and delocalized electronic structures.

93 pitaxial connections will lead to completely delocalized electrons and may enable the observation of

94 understand the exchange interaction between delocalized electrons and pinned magnetic impurities in

95 as YbAl3, interactions between localized and delocalized electrons can lead to fluctuations between t

96 highly stabilizing feature of molecules with delocalized electrons in closed circuits, is generally r

97 ysics supports this view, demonstrating that delocalized electrons make a static macroscopic polariza

98 ized status (e.g., polyaromatics), with more delocalized electrons obtained for enhanced Maxwell-Wagn

99 e couplings are frustrated by the effects of delocalized electrons.

100 Here we report a new localized/delocalized emitting state of Eu(2+) ions in a new hexag

101 ination of differently planarized and charge-delocalized enolate tautomers by anion-pi interactions.

102 (i.e., 3Cu(I)Cu(II)) state with spin density delocalized evenly over CuI and CuIV.

103 find that on a 50 fs time scale an initially delocalized excess electron localizes on a single [Tf2N(

104 its complete dichroism can be attributed to delocalized excitations along ...I3-...I3-... chains.

105 al pigments combine to form this manifold of delocalized excited states that effectively harvests lig

106 t, produce a complicated energy landscape of delocalized excited states.

107 circular dichroism, superradiance, and fast delocalized exciton transfer, consistent with our quantu

108 The addition of H(2)O(2) leads to delocalized exciton-quenching hole states, which are res

109 ectly inform on the relationship between the delocalized excitons and the individual chlorophylls thr

110 cylinders' soft mesoscopic structure, robust delocalized excitons are retained: Internal order and st

111 r between clusters of a few pigments sharing delocalized excitons has been challenged by ultrafast op

112 Increased and/or delocalized expression of the channel is observed at the

113 ersion of a synthetic complex with a valence-delocalized [Fe(3.5)(micro-O)(2)Fe(3.5)](3+) diamond cor

114 he double exchange parameter, B, for valence-delocalized [Fe2S2](+) centers and demonstrate that vari

115 ) provide the only known examples of valence-delocalized [Fe2S2](+) clusters, which constitute a fund

116 rve as a sensitive probe for correlations in delocalized fermionic quantum states and for quantum met

117 tions imply that itinerant ferromagnetism of delocalized fermions is possible without lattice and ban

118 The delocalized fMRI activity patterns in rat brain during s

119 uasi-two-dimensional layers characterized by delocalized free-particle-like states in the vicinity of

120 , PBIP1-CENP-Q complex, are localized to and delocalized from centromeres.

121 In the absence of EPLIN, vinculin was delocalized from the junctions.

122 However, AGO3 is largely delocalized from the nuage and becomes destabilized in t

123 ional results indicate a unique role for the delocalized frontier molecular orbitals of the Fe(NO)2 u

124 d to increase electron affinity and maintain delocalized frontier orbitals while significantly decrea

125 The weak interaction between delocalized G blocks on opposite DNA strands is known to

126 re carried out to determine how localized or delocalized holes on a polymer chain are and to compare

127 or-acceptor polymers with localized LUMO and delocalized HOMO.

128 otogeneration occurs predominately via these delocalized hot exciton states in competition with relax

129 arge generation across large polymer phases, delocalized hot excitons may also account for the crucia

130 However, the active but delocalized Hsl1p cannot promote Swe1p down-regulation,

131 vent-exposed hydrophobic cluster and another delocalized hydrophobic core in the folding kinetics, ar

132 , and those whose O-H stretch vibrations are delocalized, i.e., shared between multiple O-H bonds.

133 confirms that the positive charge is highly delocalized in 3.

134 al benzenoid-type rings rather than globally delocalized in an annulenoid fashion.

135 f murine gamma-SG-null (gsg(-/-)) muscle but delocalized in dystrophin-deficient mdx muscle.

136 phy suggests that the unpaired electrons are delocalized in each case across two inner 4,4'-bipyridin

137 Importantly, oskar mRNA is delocalized in females harboring a hypomorphic mutation

138 ules showed that their pi electrons remained delocalized in individual benzenoid-type rings rather th

139 localized in real space (r-space) and those delocalized in momentum-space (k-space) generates exotic

140 a Ni(III) complex with one unpaired electron delocalized in the ligands surrounding the metal center.

141 culations show that the unpaired electron is delocalized in the low pH form and reveal that its four-

142 Both donor and acceptor states are more delocalized in the QD system, and the ET is promoted by

143 that a significant fraction of the charge is delocalized in the tert-butyl group of the radical catio

144 oring HRAS, NRAS or KRAS mutations, SCH66336 delocalized, inhibited signaling and preferentially inhi

145 r interaction with Ag (or Cu) as involving a delocalized interaction with contributions from the carb

146 molecular nature of the exciton and the more delocalized intermolecular nature of electrons and holes

147 base pair, we also observe the emergence of delocalized, interstrand CT excitations, whose excitatio

148 the extra electron on each nitrogen atom was delocalized into the graphene lattice.

149 Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natur

150 This delocalized LMCT excited state decays to a second excite

151 or both peaks matches the decay time for the delocalized LMCT excited state.

152 the ground state of the drug shows a highly delocalized lone pair on the amine nitrogen of the melph

153 oxygen-induced trap level, 0.34 eV below the delocalized lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of P(NDI

154 (+) arise primarily from transitions between delocalized metal superatom orbitals.

155 We propose that the diiron system has delocalized metal-metal bonding electrons, which seems t

156 The singlet states are shown to be delocalized metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state

157 ne charge resonance, producing a full charge delocalized mixed valence system.

158 and the atoms contributing to the absorbing delocalized mode in the crystal structure were deduced u

159 The presence of such underdamped delocalized modes in proteins may have significant impli

160 ipolar and quadrupolar electric and magnetic delocalized modes, only dipolar electric and quadrupolar

161 e rationalized by considering a qualitative, delocalized molecular orbital description, which provide

162 mpounds correlated well with the energy of a delocalized molecular orbital first appearing on an arom

163 Two electronically delocalized molecules were designed as models to underst

164 Once Tel1 is delocalized, MRX does not associate efficiently with Rap

165 Due to the generally delocalized nature of molecular valence orbitals, valenc

166 functional theory calculations highlight the delocalized nature of the low energy singlet excited sta

167 studies have been complicated by the highly delocalized nature of the porphyrin, and calculations re

168 these functionally important regions form a delocalized network of residues that are dynamically cou

169 lthough transition structures are inherently delocalized, not all exhibit aromaticity.

170 xygen lone pair on flat sites, whereas it is delocalized on both C and O atoms on concave sites, incr

171 e cyclohexene-bridged Z-derivatives are spin-delocalized on the EPR time scale but charge-localized o

172 he magnetic interaction between the electron delocalized on the fullerene cage and the guest H2 has b

173 ) vibrational spectra suggest a ground state delocalized on the picosecond time scale.

174 r C-S bond cleavage, and the charge and spin delocalized on their structures, were also useful to end

175 uggest unpaired electron density is strongly delocalized onto the non-innocent [N(3)] ligand, with a

176 The electron spins are delocalized onto the thiophene unit just by changing the

177 ulations demonstrate that the electron spins delocalized onto the thiophene unit lead to the accelera

178 by a delocalization mechanism, where spin is delocalized onto the two cobalt atoms.

179 ws that the photogenerated plasmon is highly delocalized onto TiO2, and thus, it is shared by the ele

180 on the possible role of charge transfer and delocalized or excitonic states in the photophysics of t

181 es this coupling indicates that high-spin pi-delocalized organic molecules could find applications as

182 mass range of one million atomic mass units, delocalized over >150 nm.

183 and IR spectra indicates that the polaron is delocalized over 2-3 porphyrin units in the linear oligo

184 ction is best viewed as a weak covalent bond delocalized over 22 atoms.

185 sfer includes the fact that the excitons are delocalized over a few neighboring sites, but the role o

186 ons, it is proposed that the MLCT states are delocalized over both benzoate Cr(CO)(3) groups, as supp

187 unsym/sym-[1(CO)](+), the unpaired spin was delocalized over both iron centers, as indicated by the

188 ogen atoms, and a state with positive charge delocalized over both nitrogen atoms.

189 Delocalized over both water and TiO(2), wet-electrons ar

190 ion principle allows massive particles to be delocalized over distant positions.

191 ntangled states where a single excitation is delocalized over many systems.

192 ls with lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals delocalized over the 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)buta-1,3-diyne

193 concentric pi-systems, with two pi-electrons delocalized over the central pentagonal B unit and anoth

194 The unpaired electron in this molecule is delocalized over the entire helical core composed of six

195 meshes with HOMO and LUMO orbitals entirely delocalized over the molecules.

196 ex suggests the formation of a radical anion delocalized over the neighboring PDI units, and this res

197 produced by charge separation are frequently delocalized over the pi systems of the final oxidized do

198 a localized HOMO topology while the LUMO is delocalized over the polymer backbone, so that the lowes

199 One of these VTs has the charge and spin delocalized over the porphyrin and the styrylruthenium m

200 Such states are delocalized over the surface and are immune to its imper

201 but for P-TMI the NTOs have electron density delocalized over the two units as a result of extensive

202 LUMO level of Mo(tfd)(3) is calculated to be delocalized over the whole molecule, which is expected t

203 iron in the case of the S = 1/2 compound, or delocalized over the {Fe(NO)} unit in the S = 0 complex.

204 e of a carbon nanotube because electrons are delocalized over thousands of atomic sites, and rapidly

205 c configuration and the unpaired electron is delocalized over two carbene carbon atoms.

206 les of sigma-bonds made of a single electron delocalized over two neighboring atoms were until recent

207 dulated internal structure and is coherently delocalized over two unit cells of the LiF crystal (appr

208 bottom crucial for transport are only weakly delocalized (over <10 molecules).

209 at the edge of transformed patches including delocalized p120-catenin and E-cadherin as well as invas

210 s is especially so in systems of interacting delocalized particles, for which a direct experimental m

211 In fact this limitation is only true for delocalized patterns.

212 n results from electron transfer producing a delocalized PDI2 anion.

213 Underdamped terahertz-frequency delocalized phonon-like modes have long been suggested t

214 theoretical model that explores how coherent delocalized phonon-like modes in DNA provide single-stra

215 results support the conclusion that coherent delocalized phonon-like modes play an important role in

216 by invoking exciton self-trapping, in which delocalized photogenerated holes contract in response to

217 re doubly aromatic, each with six completely delocalized pi and sigma electrons, which describe the b

218 e highly stable and doubly aromatic with six delocalized pi and six delocalized sigma electrons and s

219 und to exhibit triple pi aromaticity with 11 delocalized pi bonds, analogous to benzo(g,h,i)perylene

220 ation indicated the feasibility of combining delocalized pi electrons and spin-polarized d electrons

221 Delocalized pi electrons in aromatic ring structures gen

222 arge-transfer (CT) excited state between the delocalized pi electrons of the carbon linker and the Si

223 electrons of pyridyl nitrogens, not through delocalized pi electrons.

224 icenter ptC strip stems from both the highly delocalized pi orbital of ZGNRs and nearly perfect match

225 closed-shell B(22)(2-) species reveal seven delocalized pi orbitals, which are similar to those in a

226 gether, the spectroscopic results revealed a delocalized pi radical on the enamine-thiazolium interme

227 Upon coordination, the strongly delocalized pi system of free azide localizes somewhat o

228 lkyne groups into the rigid backbone and the delocalized pi-conjugated structure.

229 ent with charge separation through access to delocalized pi-electron states in ordered regions of the

230 posite design by the incorporation of both a delocalized pi-electrons system in a closely bound accep

231 carbon basal plane, conferred upon it by the delocalized pi-electrons, (i) causes a downshift of e(g)

232 BODIPY core is feasible, a hemicyanine-like delocalized pi-system gives rise to novel blue and effic

233 the similarity of sigma-bond breakage into a delocalized pi-system.

234 electron affinity, and a rigid and extended delocalized pi-system.

235 thin the hydrocarbons, not too dissimilar to delocalized pi-systems.

236 The delocalized plasmon state observed in our study establis

237 ton-localization microscopy reveals that the delocalized plasmons are capable of focusing multiple na

238 instead, have stable narrow protrusions with delocalized protrusions and contractions.

239 Depletion of ROCK2 induced multiple delocalized protrusions and reduced migratory polarity,

240 m sensor for nanometer resolution imaging of delocalized quantum correlations.

241 nodal excitations from gapped (localized) to delocalized quasiparticles characterized by a longer lif

242 lic hydroxyl to give a quinone methide and a delocalized radical in the heptadienone chain that under

243 upon deprotonation is largest when a highly delocalized radical is combined with an initially less s

244 These highly spin-delocalized radicals do not associate in the solid state

245 ed, such that the hydrophobic electronically delocalized region positions within the inner membrane w

246 Delocalized RGPs did not become outer subventricular zon

247 Elevated but delocalized RTK signaling in one cell of the cluster was

248 at ~2.69 A in [Cu(3)S(2)](3+), stabilizing a delocalized S = 1 ground state.

249 CD saturation magnetization data for valence-delocalized S = 9/2 [Fe2S2](+) centers facilitated deter

250 and investigating the properties of valence-delocalized S = 9/2 [Fe2S2](+) fragments in higher nucle

251 imilar valence-localized S = 1/2 and valence-delocalized S = 9/2 forms as a function of pH, with pKa

252 s in partial or full conversion from valence-delocalized S = 9/2 to valence-localized S = 1/2 [Fe2S2]

253 e observation that mixed-valence para-Fe2 is delocalized shows that electron localization in meta-Fe2

254 he all-boron fullerene, bonded uniformly via delocalized sigma and pi bonds, is not perfectly smooth

255 hey satisfy the 4n+2 rule of aromaticity for delocalized sigma electrons and fulfill other requiremen

256 bly aromatic with six delocalized pi and six delocalized sigma electrons and should exist for a serie

257 all-metal aromatic AuSb4 fragments with six delocalized sigma electrons each (n=1).

258 of the cyclopropenone ketal cleavage for pi-delocalized singlet vinylcarbene generation.

259 ddition reaction of a thermally generated pi-delocalized singlet vinylcarbene, the intramolecular var

260 ry photoexcitations in conjugated dimers are delocalized singlets that enable fast and efficient iSF.

261 pairing result from in-phase overlap of the delocalized SOMOs on neighboring molecules-that is the i

262 re therefore converted into relatively inert delocalized species A(*) and/or B(*) that inhibit the ch

263 te complex 1 generates a 37-electron valence-delocalized species with no gross structural reorganizat

264 d that the NHC-BH(2)* radicals are planar pi-delocalized species.

265 pendent coexistence of charge-localized and -delocalized species.

266 ronic structure with an unexpected partially delocalized spin, as evidenced by electron paramagnetic

267 Our results indicate that an initial delocalized state can be seen upon excitation of the cyc

268 Anisotropy measurements show that this delocalized state decays on an ultrafast time scale and

269 Our results suggest that the initial delocalized state increases with ring size to distances

270 that a transcribing RNA polymerase creates a delocalized state of resident nucleosomes.

271 3 (0.04) eV higher in energy than the charge-delocalized state.

272 s and may proceed directly from the initial, delocalized, state.

273 onally to localized surface states or to the delocalized states of the QD core, (ii) energy or electr

274 fur ions on the surfaces of the QDs (and not delocalized states within the QDs) are the electron dono

275 ing fluorescence that arises from populating delocalized states.

276 ) or 6Fe(2+) -2Fe(3+) cluster having valence-delocalized states.

277 scoring component with these terms to assess delocalized strain of the complex.

278 lecular systems containing an electronically delocalized structure are the basis of emerging optoelec

279 rporation of targeting moieties into the non-delocalized structure of pentamethine and heptamethine i

280 uity that 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborines possess delocalized structures consistent with aromaticity.

281 ity of electronic structure in this strongly delocalized superchromophore and reflect the complicatio

282 esonances transitions to that from spatially delocalized surface plasmon excitations, exhibiting mult

283 the addition and removal of electrons from a delocalized system should lead to considerable increases

284 orbitals in the diiron complex are much more delocalized than those of the dicobalt analogue.

285 boron atoms in the dihydrides are bonded by delocalized three-, four-, or five-center sigma and pi b

286 en-shell molecules, in which spin density is delocalized through a helical conjugated backbone, hold

287 ybrid theory, the parent radicals of AOs are delocalized through allylic rearrangement, and as a cons

288 isotopic labeling shows that the radical is delocalized throughout the adenine ring of A2503, althou

289 enzyl substituents and an unoccupied orbital delocalized throughout the boron cluster core.

290 excited state where the promoted electron is delocalized throughout the qdpq ligand.

291 ocenyl cations, the transition from a charge delocalized to a localized state is addressed by resonan

292 h transiently expressed SEC6A1A variants are delocalized to the Golgi, a finding confirmed in a renal

293 The hexamer is at the delocalized-to-localized turning point.

294 hotoelectrons from localized core levels and delocalized valence bands in solids.

295 wo orders of magnitude smaller than those of delocalized valley excitons.

296 tely 8.7, several times larger than those of delocalized valley excitons.

297 Underdamped delocalized vibrational modes in the terahertz frequency

298 However, evidence of the existence of delocalized vibrational modes is scarce and proof of the

299 ator is continuous and the density change is delocalized when an electron or hole is added.

300 QD is trapped in a surface state rather than delocalized within the QD lattice.