ライフサイエンスコーパス: dialysis

1 ring HD and HDF, with partial recovery after dialysis.

2 enefits of physical exercise for patients on dialysis.

3 arfarin for stroke prevention in patients on dialysis.

4 ival benefit compared to remaining listed on dialysis.

5 protein and a small ion based on equilibrium dialysis.

6 ergoing serial cardiac MRI assessment during dialysis.

7 oramine from the tap water used for portable dialysis.

8 uence any of the cardiovascular responses to dialysis.

9 capitulated in wild-type mice by glutathione dialysis.

10 n incomplete coronary angiogram, or previous dialysis.

11 methemoglobinemia while undergoing portable dialysis.

12 n, but resulted in fibrosis after peritoneal dialysis.

13 of waitlisted elderly patients remaining on dialysis.

14 rformance and quality of life in patients on dialysis.

15 alysis and nine patients with CKD undergoing dialysis.

16 survival benefit compared with remaining on dialysis.

17 85 nm, with minimal leakage after sustained dialysis.

18 t leads to increased morbidity and return to dialysis.

19 lications associated with hypotension during dialysis.

20 epidemiologic implications among patients on dialysis.

21 could be significantly reduced by extensive dialysis.

22 iltration rate <20 mL.min(-1).1.73 m(-2), or dialysis.

23 icant increases in repeat hospitalization or dialysis.

24 with severe renal impairment and patients on dialysis.

25 apixaban levels were monitored hourly during dialysis.

26 dialysis than for those receiving peritoneal dialysis.

27 roves functional status in adult patients on dialysis.

28 th severely impaired function and 15%-32% on dialysis.

29 a functional graft and in 6 after return to dialysis.

30 ith the goal of avoiding or limiting time on dialysis.

31 le from interventional studies in peritoneal dialysis.

32 ty (16.7% with AC607; 11.8% with placebo) or dialysis (10.6% with AC607; 7.4% with placebo).

33 s who had stage 3 to 5 CKD or were receiving dialysis (3 trials), or postmenopausal women with CKD (4

34 evere lung disease (51.4%), those undergoing dialysis (47.7%), or those with very poor baseline healt

35 Conditions related to dialysis access and comorbidities were common hospitaliz

36 enrolled patients undergoing angioplasty for dialysis access dysfunction.

37 anaemia, 17 on dialysis frequency, eight on dialysis accuracy, and 22 on vascular access for dialysi

38 l cohort study of 138 patients who initiated dialysis after kidney transplant failure between 1995 an

39 HR, 2.22; CI, 2.04-2.41), and AKI requiring dialysis (AKIN 1: HR, 2.59; CI, 2.29-2.92; AKIN 2/3: HR,

40 tation, 17 (33.3%) patients developed SCC in dialysis and 39 (73.6%) after the second transplantation

41 amic tolerance to ensure an adequate dose of dialysis and a negative water balance, a major point in

42 munication barriers, can result in emergency dialysis and avoidable hospitalizations.

43 mimicking bacterial cell membranes, by using dialysis and chromatography.

44 urs of exposure--and 30-day post-CT emergent dialysis and death were determined after propensity scor

45 of calciphylaxis in adult patients receiving dialysis and examined the effects of vitamin K deficienc

46 Assessing patterns across periods of dialysis and kidney transplantation may inform cancer et

47 ns in 33 patients with CKD before undergoing dialysis and nine patients with CKD undergoing dialysis.

48 parathyroidism models and patients receiving dialysis and studied the function of specific miRNAs.

49 olorectal cancer screening among patients on dialysis and the extent to which screening tests were ta

50 iew to assess outcomes of patients who reach dialysis and the quality of dialysis received.

51 rolonged ventilator management, and possible dialysis and tracheostomy should be communicated with pa

52 from the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Kaplan-Mei

53 ing data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry (1994-2013), we examine

54 Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry, patients who have rece

55 dney data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, we examined the associ

56 s or younger using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry.

57 s or younger using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry.

58 sing data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.

59 in the mortality risk prediction models for dialysis and transplantation included age, race/ethnicit

60 tution technology proceeds in the absence of dialysis and/or detergent absorbents, and A2AR assimilat

61 ted with major adverse kidney events (death, dialysis, and durable loss of renal function [chronic ki

62 tage kidney disease in children on long-term dialysis, and highlights management issues, including di

63 had facilities for hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation, respectively.

64 had facilities for hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation, respectively.

65 d access to dialysis, mortality, duration of dialysis, and markers of dialysis quality in patients wi

66 Rates of AKI, emergent dialysis, and mortality were compared between IOCM and n

67 r propensity score adjustment, rates of AKI, dialysis, and mortality were not significantly higher in

68 urgitation, moderate or severe lung disease, dialysis, and severe tricuspid regurgitation.

69 rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), emergent dialysis, and short-term mortality between patients who

70 y, prolonged hospital length of stay, use of dialysis, and subsequent CKD.

71 Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation services were funded publi

72 ors modulating potassium dialysate fluxes in dialysis, and we review data linking serum and dialysate

73 te <15 mL/min; acute kidney injury requiring dialysis; and renal transplantation).

74 Dialysis anticoagulation with calcium-free citrate-conta

75 evalence of patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is increasing worldwide and may be guided

76 on disparities in use and outcomes with home dialysis are sparse.

77 5 years was 91% lower after KT compared with dialysis (aRR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.46; P < 0.004); howeve

78 5 years was 79% lower after KT compared with dialysis (aRR 0.21; 95% CI 0.10-0.42; P <0.001), and sta

79 reening is being targeted toward patients on dialysis at lowest risk of mortality and highest likelih

80 A total of 3168 patients initiated dialysis at the participating centers; 2300 met our incl

81 g HLAi in the UK is comparable with those on dialysis awaiting a compatible organ, many of whom are u

82 m responses to AgNP, free Ag(I) species, and dialysis bag-retained AgNP treatments showed marked simi

83 production and congener ratios, we incubated dialysis bags containing phytoplankton from mesotrophic/

84 ncluded older age, female sex, more years on dialysis before waitlisting, tobacco use, panel-reactive

85 eficiaries ages >/=50 years old who received dialysis between January 1, 2007 and September 30, 2012.

86 tients with renal impairment and patients on dialysis, but not in the post-LT setting.

87 n low cinnamoylglycine clearance and risk of dialysis, but statistical analyses did not exclude the n

88 ion, stroke, or new-onset renal failure with dialysis by hospital discharge or by day 28, whichever c

89 nt serum potassium monitoring and responsive dialysis care teams.

90 unity to further bridge the quality chasm in dialysis care.

91 platform, EpxDialysis, to improve patient-to-dialysis center communication via widely available text

92 free regional citrate anticoagulation of the dialysis circuit using a calcium-free citrate-containing

93 ternative type of anticoagulation within the dialysis circuit.

94 Dialysis clinicians need to consider changes in the over

95 adults in incident ESKD cohorts discontinued dialysis compared with 64 (5%) of 1364 adults in prevale

96 estimates of risks of death and survival on dialysis compared with kidney transplantation patients.

97 ts prescribed intermittent dialysis on a non-dialysis day), >80% of patients with creatinine clearanc

98 Dialysis dependence has been associated with poor outcom

99 kidney events (persistent renal dysfunction, dialysis dependence, and mortality) at 1 year.

100 ess the role of advanced age on survival and dialysis dependency after initiation of renal replacemen

101 iltration rate was the only one predictor of dialysis dependency identified.

102 ars old or older was an independent risk for dialysis dependency only for patients with prior advance

103 Dialysis dependency was more frequent among survivors 80

104 urvival and post acute kidney injury chronic dialysis dependency were assessed at hospital discharge

105 d received a renal allograft, and three were dialysis-dependent at study end.

106 Among patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD and MDD, treatment with sertralin

107 lving 201 patients with stage 3, 4, or 5 non-dialysis-dependent CKD, who were enrolled at 3 US medica

108 sertraline to treat MDD in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD.

109 ional subjects with adverse outcomes (death, dialysis-dependent kidney failure (DDKF), and cardiovasc

110 artile range], 94.4 muM [54.8-133.0 muM] for dialysis-dependent patients versus 3.3 muM [3.1-6.0 muM]

111 ents with PV-Haufen had an increased risk of dialysis-dependent renal failure (P < 0.05).

112 Among patients dialysis-dependent when waitlisted, individuals with art

113 enables the user to customize an equilibrium dialysis device to fit their own experiments by choosing

114 12, with 82 (22%) experiencing DGF requiring dialysis (DGF-D) in the first 72 hours after transplant.

115 3 (95%) of 140 children who could not access dialysis died or were presumed to have died.

116 rescription with subsequent all-cause death, dialysis discontinuation, and hospitalization controlled

117 is associated with increased risk of death, dialysis discontinuation, and hospitalization in dialysi

118 pioid prescriptions had increased mortality, dialysis discontinuation, and hospitalization.

119 outcomes encompassed the prevailing dread of dialysis, distilling the meaning of graft function, and

120 Dialysis during the acute phase (P = .01), dialysis duration (P = .01), and the duration of oligo-/

121 Age at transplant and enrollment, dialysis duration, and previous disease were predictive

122 ate predictors of RAF included pretransplant dialysis duration, kidney cold ischemia, kidney donor ri

123 Dialysis during the acute phase (P = .01), dialysis dura

124 neal leukocytes isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of noninfected uremic patients.

125 l membrane, and a promising biomarker in the dialysis effluent for membrane change in patients receiv

126 Dialysis experiments show that, for a 15 kDa polyelectro

127 g >9000 patients receiving dialysis from 134 dialysis facilities in Georgia.

128 In December of 2013, we selected dialysis facilities with either low transplant referral

129 ducation and engagement activities targeting dialysis facility leadership, staff, and patients conduc

130 The QIP links 2% of the payment that a dialysis facility receives for Medicare patients on dial

131 ion Community Study (RaDIANT), a randomized, dialysis facility-based, controlled trial involving >900

132 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited by dialysis failure due to peritoneal membrane fibrosis dri

133 n, and Th17 cell infiltration in response to dialysis fluid treatment.

134 Access to dialysis for ESKD is limited by insufficient infrastruct

135 The patient was not undergoing dialysis for her renal dysfunction, nor was she receivin

136 rvention to increase referral of patients on dialysis for transplant evaluation in the Reducing Dispa

137 ies reported on management of anaemia, 17 on dialysis frequency, eight on dialysis accuracy, and 22 o

138 led trial involving >9000 patients receiving dialysis from 134 dialysis facilities in Georgia.

139 xamide riboside and C13 and by intracellular dialysis from a patch-pipette of activated (thiophosphor

140 5 years: preKT, 94%; dialysis < 1 year, 94%; dialysis >/= 1 year, 89%; P < 0.01), but decreased death

141 ars: preKT, 93%; dialysis < 1 year, 89%; and dialysis >/= 1 year, 89%; P < 0.01).

142 lusion, RKF decline during the first year of dialysis has a graded association with all-cause mortali

143 Patients with CKD requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold hig

144 rmance status was associated with older age, dialysis, hepatic encephalopathy, longer length of stay,

145 ase; chronic renal failure, with and without dialysis; hepatitis and cirrhosis; chronic pulmonary ins

146 We examined changes in pre-dialysis highly sensitive troponin T.

147 hronic kidney disease, conversion to chronic dialysis, hospital readmission, and long-term mortality.

148 n kidney transplant referral for patients on dialysis in Georgia; long-term follow-up is needed to de

149 mortality, hemorrhagic stroke, and new-onset dialysis in HCV-infected patients with CKD.

150 service compromises the availability of such dialysis in parts of the world where financial resources

151 RPRETATION: Most patients with ESKD starting dialysis in sub-Saharan Africa discontinue treatment and

152 d by the United Network for Organ Sharing as dialysis in the first week (UNOS-DGF), associates with p

153 em on home dialysis use by patients starting dialysis in the United States from January 1, 2006 to Au

154 tributed to 1 of 6 GN subtypes who initiated dialysis in the US (1996-2013).

155 At 3 months, only 6% were living at home, dialysis independent.

156 sen regarding high-bicarbonate dialysate and dialysis-induced alkalemia, but whether these truly caus

157 Controversies remain, however, about dialysis initiation thresholds and the utility for other

158 ysis accuracy, and 22 on vascular access for dialysis INTERPRETATION: Most patients with ESKD startin

159 ic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, equilibrium dialysis, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission, an

160 Equilibrium dialysis is a simple and effective technique used for in

161 Dialysis is a ubiquitous separation process in biochemic

162 Chronic dialysis is rarely required during childhood.

163 n including those who may or may not require dialysis, is an independent risk factor for long-term gr

164 ensored graft survival (5 years: preKT, 93%; dialysis < 1 year, 89%; and dialysis >/= 1 year, 89%; P

165 ient survival to preKT (5 years: preKT, 94%; dialysis < 1 year, 94%; dialysis >/= 1 year, 89%; P < 0.

166 HZ vaccination soon after the initiation of dialysis may provide greater protection.

167 s were markedly higher in patients receiving dialysis (median [interquartile range], 94.4 muM [54.8-1

168 When nanoblends and MC were separated by dialysis membrane colorimetric response (CR) was similar

169 that, for a 15 kDa polyelectrolyte, a 50 kDa dialysis membrane is not sufficient to remove all PAH po

170 iffusion performance of anthocyanins along a dialysis membrane was determined in the presence and abs

171 lly separated from the seeds and plants by a dialysis membrane.

172 State-of-the-art dialysis membranes comprise a relatively thick polymer l

173 Using a dialysis method, we found that H9e hydrogel could not si

174 reconstitute chromatin using a salt-gradient dialysis method.

175 ction in several core topics, including home dialysis modalities, ultrasonography, and pathology.

176 and highlights management issues, including dialysis modality selection, complications, and patient

177 We analyzed data on dialysis modality, insurance type, and comorbidities fro

178 = 0.002; 4 vs 3 d, p = 0.017), and initiated dialysis more frequently (26.7% vs 14.8%; p = 0.0038).

179 Given high dialysis mortality rates for patients older than 60 year

180 Outcomes of interest included access to dialysis, mortality, duration of dialysis, and markers o

181 0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); n=81) and 40%-41% on dialysis (n=78).

182 y calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in dialysis-naive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD

183 scular disease and all-cause mortality among dialysis-naive patients with CKD.

184 bleeding but require prolonged intermittent dialysis need a heparin-free easy-to-use alternative typ

185 9,566 patients with incident ESRD in a large dialysis network in 26 countries using whole-body bioimp

186 s with severe renal impairment or who are on dialysis, nor do published accounts of use of EBR/GZR in

187 ckade of cation channels due to the internal dialysis of Cs(+) , which increased the bleach-induced d

188 tocurrent, which is eliminated upon internal dialysis of Cs(+) .

189 k of cation conductances during the internal dialysis of Cs(+) further desensitizes the photovoltage

190 After patch clamp-mediated dialysis of cytosolic DAF, the remaining NO signals (mos

191 (including patients prescribed intermittent dialysis on a non-dialysis day), >80% of patients with c

192 asymptomatic patients receiving maintenance dialysis on the basis of limited survival benefit.

193 sted for age, diabetes, sex, and duration of dialysis or fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and compleme

194 lated data with the degree of renal failure (dialysis or nondialysis), prior immunosuppression use, a

195 ESRD was determined as the need for chronic dialysis or renal transplantation.

196 analyses restricted to those on maintenance dialysis or with a kidney transplant, RRs attenuated sub

197 ; P < .001), new renal failure necessitating dialysis (OR, 14.48; 95% CI, 3.69-56.86; P < .001), and

198 s defined as the composite of death, chronic dialysis, or a permanent loss of renal function after th

199 point was a composite of death, the need for dialysis, or a persistent increase of at least 50% from

200 with severe renal impairment, dependence on dialysis, or both.

201 was not an independent risk factor for AKI, dialysis, or mortality.

202 lacebo for the prevention of death, need for dialysis, or persistent decline in kidney function at 90

203 thin 30 days (MAKE30), a composite of death, dialysis, or persistent renal dysfunction.

204 A composite of death, dialysis, or sustained impaired renal function by day 30

205 oteins that cannot be produced using typical dialysis- or dilution-based refolding approaches.

206 modialysis in facilities operated by a large dialysis organization in the United States (2007-2011).

207 Linking the 5-year patient data of a large dialysis organization to the Scientific Registry of Tran

208 d case-control study using data from a large dialysis organization.

209 are as clinicians, patients, regulators, and dialysis organizations scramble to keep up with the freq

210 odds ratios [ORs], 0.74-0.91, P = .16-0.69; dialysis ORs, 0.74-2.00, P = .42-.76; mortality ORs, 0.9

211 or French from sub-Saharan Africa reporting dialysis outcomes in patients with ESKD published betwee

212 p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), dialysis (p < 0.001), New York Heart Association functio

213 3) for mortality and 0.66 (0.61 to 0.72) for dialysis (P<0.001).

214 higher in the first 30 days versus rates for dialysis patients but less than half the rate thereafter

215 Overall, >60% of dialysis patients had at least one opioid prescription e

216 lar disease causes over 50% of the deaths in dialysis patients, and the risk of death is higher in wh

217 In dialysis patients, beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m) can agg

218 sted its clinical applicability on data from dialysis patients, in whom [K(+)] varies significantly d

219 ysis discontinuation, and hospitalization in dialysis patients.

220 ittle is known about this relationship among dialysis patients.

221 ronary intervention with DES and with BMS in dialysis patients.

222 programs have adopted the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) for fluid management; however, its benefit

223 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life-saving form of renal replacement

224 ungal peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a refractory injury accompanied by seve

225 ence the decision for the initial peritoneal dialysis (PD) modality is unknown.

226 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited by dialysis failure due to

227 Technical innovations in peritoneal dialysis (PD), now used widely for the long-term treatme

228 ts ultrafiltration in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).

229 CKD and is further aggravated by peritoneal dialysis (PD).

230 ain cause of technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD).

231 dity and mortality during chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD).

232 ate vs. high volume) as was the risk for new dialysis post PCI.

233 lysis between 2004 and 2012 at five Canadian dialysis programs.

234 ration between general nephrology practices, dialysis providers, and transplant centers to develop ca

235 rview of the major ethical issues related to dialysis provision worldwide, identify priorities for fu

236 tality, duration of dialysis, and markers of dialysis quality in patients with ESKD.

237 rd, a consensus conference held by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative was convened in April of 201

238 hes: a direct approach of Donnan equilibrium dialysis read out by atomic emission spectroscopy and tw

239 tients who reach dialysis and the quality of dialysis received.

240 Dialysis recipients for less than 1 year comprised 30% o

241 Dialysis recipients of less than 1 year had similar pati

242 Renal dysfunction and dialysis reduced the rule-in performance but not the rul

243 roposed model can be used for optimizing the dialysis regimen and for in silico testing of novel appr

244 form amyloid fibrils in a condition known as dialysis-related amyloidosis, which deleteriously affect

245 ysis of a contemporary cohort of patients on dialysis revealed that mortality from acute myocardial i

246 3 periods (first transplantation, return to dialysis, second transplantation), the time to occurrenc

247 vices to expand the payment bundle for renal dialysis services and legislated that payment be tied to

248 tion in the first 48 hours or greater than 1 dialysis session for predicting 12-month estimated glome

249 of patients who underwent 3 or more post-LT dialysis sessions and acquired CRE before LT evolved wit

250 f methemoglobinemia that was associated with dialysis sessions using a portable dialysis unit in our

251 ensive study of the cardiovascular effect of dialysis sessions using intradialytic cardiac magnetic r

252 A total of 101 dialysis sessions were performed in 35 patients (mechani

253 of such trials, with a specific focus on the dialysis setting.

254 rochannel-based diffuser and postarray-based dialysis slit.

255 r assaying aluminum in some food samples and dialysis solution, measured by the new home-made fluorim

256 Although dialysis-specific alternative payment models have alread

257 d, low-intensity exercise program managed by dialysis staff may improve physical performance and qual

258 walking exercise program at home, managed by dialysis staff, improves functional status in adult pati

259 h chronic kidney disease requiring long-term dialysis (stage 5D CKD).

260 and demographic factors (age, sex, race, and dialysis status), greater NMD associated with greater 6-

261 ysis who participated in the German Diabetes Dialysis Study (4D Study), we investigated whether the H

262 ck and Hispanic adults receiving maintenance dialysis survive longer than non-Hispanic white counterp

263 er capacity carbon filters into the portable dialysis systems resulted in no further cases of methemo

264 ity and mortality remain higher with chronic dialysis than after renal transplantation.

265 gan Support (ADVOS) is a new type of albumin dialysis, that provides rapid regeneration of toxin-bind

266 e the care of patients receiving maintenance dialysis, the Kidney Health Initiative assembled a group

267 e dialysate temperature and increasing total dialysis time limits these shifts and helps maintain cog

268 ease in vivo compared with GTs after reverse-dialysis to elevate extracellular potassium levels.

269 s facility receives for Medicare patients on dialysis to the facility's performance on quality of car

270 le payment for treatment and paying for home dialysis training.

271 rtality) and renal (end-stage renal disease: dialysis, transplantation, and/or >60% estimated glomeru

272 rcise Introduction to Enhance Performance in Dialysis trial, a 6-month randomized, multicenter trial

273 ated with dialysis sessions using a portable dialysis unit in our hospital.

274 -on did not associate with increases in home dialysis use beyond the effect of the policy.

275 the ESRD Prospective Payment System on home dialysis use by patients starting dialysis in the United

276 val [95% CI], 4.0% to 6.0%) increase in home dialysis use by the end of the study period.

277 Home dialysis use increased by 5.8% (95% CI, 4.3% to 6.9%) am

278 e estimated the effect of the policy on home dialysis use with multivariable logistic regression and

279 ut sustained decrease in hospital mortality, dialysis use, and length of stay.

280 m introduced two incentives to increase home dialysis use: bundling injectable medications into a sin

281 ransplantation included age, race/ethnicity, dialysis vintage, and comorbidities, including diabetes,

282 cal comorbidities, longer pretransplantation dialysis vintage, and delayed graft function were associ

283 Median duration of dialysis was 294 minutes (interquartile range, 240-300),

284 New-onset dialysis was also lower in the treated cohort (aHR: 0.31

285 Dialysis was discontinued early in 9 of 41 patients in t

286 se to 73% in children and 86% in adults when dialysis was needed but not received.

287 Post-intervention dialysis was needed in 6 patients (0.15%) with RA and 14

288 Multivariate analysis showed that post-LT dialysis was the only risk factor for post-LT CRE acquis

289 d as no immediate function but not requiring dialysis, was associated with adjusted hazard ratios of

290 monitor for excessive levels of oxidants in dialysis water sources.

291 ratios of the composite outcome of death or dialysis were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.87) in the low ter

292 roke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke, and new-onset dialysis were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard

293 Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis were the only forms of treatment available to t

294 with higher survival rates than remaining on dialysis, whereas living donor RT is superior to all oth

295 ssociated with substantial increases in home dialysis, which were identical for both Medicare and non

296 patients' best interests; increase access to dialysis while maintaining procedural and distributive j

297 alysis with that fistula, and 8230 initiated dialysis with a catheter after failed fistula placement.

298 ystem information in patients on maintenance dialysis with Medicare Part A, B, and D coverage in each

299 ion, stroke, or new-onset renal failure with dialysis, with less blood transfused.

300 rts to treat pain effectively in patients on dialysis yet decrease opioid prescriptions and dose dese