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1 to amine alpha,alpha'-dications (2-azaallyl dications).
2 C diprotonated to give an oxonium-annulenium dication.
3 antially greater than that of the butadienyl dication.
4 th the very small hydrogen atom or beryllium dication.
5 involving the neutral organic donor and its dication.
6 producing an electroactive 4,4'-bipyridinium dication.
7 t-3-yl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylb enzene-1,4-diyl dication.
8 lectronic reduction of the 4,4'-bipyridinium dication.
9 the potentially antiaromatic fluorenylidene dication.
10 nding to those of a substituted-terthiophene dication.
11 ion as well as a rare example of a noble-gas dication.
12 8 kcal/mol more stable than the closed-shell dication.
13 escales before the break-up of the molecular dication.
14 ions on the structural features of diradical dication.
15 BPQT(2(*+)) ring is oxidized to the BIPY(2+) dication.
16 also reduced simultaneously to the diradical dication.
17 are hybrids of pyrylium cations and Viologen dications.
18 tion that is typical of "superelectrophilic" dications.
19 lectronic features in the resulting mono and dications.
20 ies of aromatic and antiaromatic cations and dications.
21 the formation of spectroscopically distinct dications.
22 ticity of the fluorenyl ring system of these dications.
23 lei of these hypercoordinated onium ions and dications.
24 ility of the corresponding aminium diradical dications.
25 f unusual bonding and homoconjugation in the dications.
26 three-dimensional heteroaromaticity in these dications.
27 ependent DNA binding properties of carbazole dications.
28 ole polyamides and furan-based non-polyamide dications.
29 es compared to the corresponding symmetrical dications.
30 ve rise to the formation of weakly diatropic dications.
31 transformed into superelectrophilic amidine dications.
32 ligands linked by [K(2)(18-crown-6)(2)](2+) dications.
33 d molecular chlorine (Cl2) and bromine (Br2) dications.
34 try of the corresponding radical cations and dications.
40 esonance energies of the trimethylenemethane dication (1) and the butadienyl dication (4) were evalua
41 by 2 equiv of acetylferrocenium afforded the dication [1](2+), which, on the basis of low-temperature
42 and (CF(3)CO)(2)O affords the corresponding dication, 1,8-bis(diphenylmethylium)naphthalenediyl (1(2
45 he 13C NMR chemical shifts of the intriguing dication 14 were calculated using the GIAO-MP2 method.
47 ng trans-dimethyldihydroethanophenanthrenium dications (14(2+) and 15(2+)) in FSO(3)H x SbF(5) (4:1)
49 ridyl)biphenyl with 1-bromooctane yields the dication 2(2+) 2Br-, an "extended viologen" isostructura
52 and crystallographic characterization of the dications 2(2+) and 6(2+) (as [PF(6)](2) salts) and 4(2+
58 e dianion (2) and the antiaromaticity of the dication (3) of tetrabenzo[5.5]fulvalene have been evalu
61 protonated chlorine and diprotonated bromine dications 3a and 6a, respectively, were found to be lowe
64 (d)) (1)H and (13)C NMR shifts for the three dications, 3c, 3e, and 3f, for which NMR data has been r
65 Dimethylated molecular chlorine and bromine dications 3g and 6g, respectively, were also found to be
66 ylenemethane dication (1) and the butadienyl dication (4) were evaluated using two independent comput
67 o-, m-, and p-phenylene bis(1,3-dioxolanium) dications (4-6) and 2,4,6-triphenylene tris(1,3-dioxolan
68 ed to give paratropic carboxonium-annulenium dications (4H2 2+, 5H2 2+, 6H2 2+, and 7H2 2+, respectiv
70 en the electrons of the triplet state of the dication 6(2+), calculated from its dipolar EPR splittin
72 and cathodic pulses, while for anion (A(-*))-dication (A(2+*)) annihilation, transient ECL shows asym
75 t side reactions in less stable antiaromatic dications, allowing exploration of a number of species t
76 orm crystals in which the layers of viologen dications alternate with those of a 1:2 supramolecular c
80 rily reflect the magnetic properties of this dication and potentially those of the other dications st
81 of TTF+* to form the diamagnetic [TTF+,TTF+] dication and to also undergo the equally rapid cross-ass
82 no intrinsic gap between the stabilities of dication and trication complexes, once the IE is adjuste
83 relative stability of doubly charged alkane dications and monocharged boron cation analogues are dis
84 nd in the oxidized species (radical cations, dications and radical trications) has been investigated,
85 B NMR chemical shifts of the onium-carbonium dications and the corresponding isoelectronic and isostr
86 to include hypercoordinated onium-carbonium dications and the isoelectronic onium-boronium cation an
88 similar to a band seen in the corresponding dications and to that observed in the monocation of a mo
89 ise oxidation to the radical cations and the dications and was found to be remarkably large (19% and
90 irectly competing for PLGA interactions with dications and/or b) increasing peptide affinity in the s
91 (assigned to the formation of the cation and dication) and a two-electron reduction wave that becomes
92 three chromophores, the radical cation, the dication, and the pi-dimer have been identified and char
93 ix compounds will lose two electrons to form dications, and the use of suitable oxidizing agents has
96 risulfide is formed by reaction of the dimer dication [Ar4S4](2+) with neutral Ar2S2 to afford the tr
100 O(2)ClF or SO(2) as the solvent; these 10 pi-dications are equivalent to the C-4/C-5 diprotonated dic
103 l derivative, the redox potentials for these dications are less positive than for formation of the di
105 thesized using a new ditetraalkylphosphonium dication as an organic structure-directing agent, and it
107 orporating a series of bifunctional ammonium dications as templates which also emit white light: (1)
110 function and form, as this uniquely compact dication boasts more heteroatoms than carbon centers.
113 ds 1-CS and 2-OS can be oxidized into stable dications by FeCl(3) and/or concentrated H(2)SO(4).
114 Structures of the isomeric adamantanediyl dications C(10)H(14)(2+) and protio-1- and protio-2-adam
115 14)(2+) and protio-1- and protio-2-adamantyl dications C(10)H(16)(2+) were investigated by using the
116 anonium dications, i.e., diprotonated alkane dications C(n)H(2n+4)(2+) (n = 1-4), were investigated a
117 ative study of the superelectrophilic alkane dications (C(n)H(2n+2)2+), n = 1-5) and their isoelectro
119 ifs of planar methane and the planar methane dication can be extended to give planar hypercoordinate
122 pological changes antiparasitic heterocyclic dications can have on kinetoplast DNA, we have construct
123 of the ditosylate Ni(OTs)(2)(dppe) gave the dication [(CO)(2)(dppe)Fe(pdt)Ni(dppe)](OTs)(2) ([2(CO)]
125 '-dimethyl-2,6-diaza-9,10-anthraquinonediium dication (DAAQ.2BF4(-)) exists in equilibrium with both
126 and two more highly conjugated diazapyrenium dication (DAP(2+)) units, respectively, a consecutive se
127 *+)) and an asymmetric cyclophane bisradical dication (DAPQT(2(*+))), affords a symmetric [2]catenane
128 e phenylfuran-benzimidazole unfused aromatic dication DB293 was identified as the first diamidine cap
129 rometry (MS/MS) was used to characterize the dication (DC9) and to identify linked lipid-dication com
130 were more active than pentamidine, and seven dications demonstrated increased activities against P. f
131 the absence of the methoxy substituents, the dication derived from tetraphenylbenziporphyrin 8H2(2+)
132 tructures and energies of superelectrophilic dications derived by protonation of methyl- and dimethyl
133 switch consisting of a linked bis(viologen) dication diradical that can be cycled reversibly between
134 crucially affects the subtle balance between dication dissociation under maintenance of the 2-fold ch
139 on to other basic sites in the model peptide dication, facilitating exothermic proton transfer from o
140 f these substituent groups form onium-phenyl dications for which a complete reversal of the relative
141 ns resulted instead in a set of antiaromatic dications from oxidation of fluorenylidene derivatives.
144 polar splitting, the trishydrazine diradical dication has its remote hydrazine units oxidized, althou
147 ontrast to many closely related heterocyclic dications, has both GC and AT base pairs in the minor gr
149 Each of these reacts with transition metal dications having a preference for octahedral coordinatio
150 re further utilized to reduce hexyl-viologen dication (HV2+) and a sacrificial electron donor, 1-benz
151 abilities of gitonic and distonic alkanonium dications, i.e., diprotonated alkane dications C(n)H(2n+
153 t sub-100 fs isomerization time on acetylene dication in lower electronic states is not possible and
155 ved transient absorption signal for ethidium dication in poly(dG-dC) confirms that guanine oxidation
156 5 H5 ) to oxo-bind and reduce the uranyl(VI) dication in the complex [(UO2 )(THF)(H2 L)] (L="Pacman"
158 of FTICR MS was exploited to identify TPB2+ dication in the presence of [TPA*+ - H*]+ ions of the sa
159 to photochemically reduce the hexyl viologen dication in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor
161 es and redox potentials for formation of the dication in these systems show a strong linear correlati
164 curately modeled the energies of a series of dications including fluorenylidene dications whose UV-vi
165 tics are governed by the long-range electron-dication interaction and are not affected by side chain
166 utanediylbis[tris(dimethylamino)]phosphonium dication is a very efficient OSDA for crystallization of
170 hetic and structural studies showed that the dication is readily reduced to a neutral, singlet bis-1,
171 ent binding pocket wherein a methyl viologen dication is stabilized by interacting with a bipyridiniu
172 resonance energy of the trimethylenemethane dication is substantially greater than that of the butad
173 a doubly ag conformation, and its diradical dication is suggested to be a triplet because it does no
174 fragmentation behavior of the mass-selected dications is probed by means of collision-induced dissoc
177 ical shifts (NICS) were calculated for these dications (magnetic criterion) and indicated their antia
182 mplex of the N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication (N,N'-dimethyl viologen, MeV) suggests that the
183 molecular recognition between the bisradical dication obtained on reduction of the tetracationic cycl
184 stallographically characterized salts of the dications obtained by two-electron oxidation of E-4,4'-b
185 and T6, whereas subsequent oxidation to the dication occurs more easily for TPTTPT than for TPEEPT a
188 ical oxidation with SbF(5)/SO(2)ClF gave the dication of 9-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-9H-fluorene c
190 istent with the behavior of the antiaromatic dication of tetrabenzo[5.5]fulvalene, compared to that o
191 nter-naphthalene distance of the dianion and dication of the cyclophane 14 compared to that of its ne
194 tions of 3a-g are more antiaromatic than for dications of 2a-g, which is consistent with their greate
195 are less positive than for formation of the dications of 3a-g and for dications of p-substituted dip
200 zylidene fluorenes were less stable than the dications of diphenylmethylidene fluorenes; within each
201 The redox potentials for formation of the dications of meta-substituted diphenylmethylidenes (3a-g
204 r formation of the dications of 3a-g and for dications of p-substituted diphenylmethylidenefluorenes,
205 are more positive than for the formation of dications of para-substituted diphenylmethylidenes (2a-g
207 s are equivalent to the C-4/C-5 diprotonated dications of the 2,7-dimethyl derivative of trans-DMDHP,
209 deposition apparatus constructed previously, dications of the cyclic peptide Gramicidin S (GS) and th
212 ered ring mesocycles with NOPF6 or Br2 gives dications or a bicyclic dibromide, respectively, which c
213 various iron(IV)-oxo complexes generated as dications or monocations (bearing an anionic ligand).
214 On treatment with nucleophiles, mesocyclic dications, or the corresponding radical cations undergo
215 maticity of the 3-phenylindenylidenefluorene dications over the unsubstituted indenylidenefluorene di
216 results, collisional activation of cesiated dications overwhelmingly results in ejection of Cs(+).
218 s, with the more antiaromatic fluorenylidene dication possessing the more electron-withdrawing substi
219 MOF-1001 is capable of docking paraquat dication (PQT2+) guests within the macrocycles in a ster
220 eoretical study of the dynamics of acetylene dication produced by Auger decay after X-ray photoioniza
222 haracterization of phenyl viologen (PV) as a dication, radical cation, and neutral species are descri
223 ization of the radical cation gave the dimer dication, [Re2Cp(gamma)2(CO)6]2+ (where Cp(gamma) repres
226 s, based on the planar preference of methane dications, replace two remote carbons in spiroalkaplanes
227 Quenching of the superacid solutions of the dications resulted in the formation of novel 8,8'-bifluo
228 intended to form three-dimensional aromatic dications resulted instead in a set of antiaromatic dica
229 otonation state from a neutral molecule to a dication results in dramatically increased efficiency of
230 of 9 with tetrafluoroboric acid leads to the dication salt 11 with significant intramolecular hydroge
231 o reported for the precursor diol 15 and its dication salt 15(2+)(ClO(4)(-))(2), which was obtained b
234 sus the calculated energy difference for the dications showed a moderate degree of linearity; the plo
236 oxidation, a measure of the stability of the dications, showed a good linear relationship with anothe
237 This feature manifests itself in the uranyl dication showing little propensity to partake in the man
239 wave in the cyclic voltammogram to yield the dication species at E(ox)(pa) 0.52 and 0.47 V, respectiv
241 demonstrate the chemical consequences of the dication stabilities Te(+)-Te(+) > Se(+)-Se(+) > S(+)-S(
243 y identical rates of electron capture by the dications substituted by the benzyl (EA = -1.15 eV) and
244 il interacts cooperatively with bipyridinium dications substituted on their nitrogen atoms with 2-azi
245 e p-methoxy-substituted benzylidene fluorene dication suggests that the calculations satisfactorily r
246 sequence employs nitroalkenes as latent 1,2-dication synthons providing a novel access to highly use
247 ) results in the formation of fluorenylidene dications that are shown to be antiaromatic through calc
248 alenes by SbF(5) results in the formation of dications that behave like two antiaromatic fluorenyl ca
252 lex formation which reflects the ease of the dication to form stacked dimeric motifs in the DNA minor
253 stants of a bis-(acetylguanidinium)ferrocene dication to various (di)carboxylates were determined thr
259 ne, 4, have been oxidized to their mono- and dications using tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroant
260 nal heteroaromaticity in the resulting caged dications (via 2-electron, 4-center homoconjugation).
261 Two different dissociation pathways for the dications, viz deprotonation and demethylation, were als
262 The antiaromaticity shown by the parent dication was demonstrated for these dications with space
264 aphenylborate anionic moiety to the viologen dication was observed less than 1 mus after excitation.
265 over the unsubstituted indenylidenefluorene dication was supported by (anti)aromatic (de)stabilizati
266 ituted benzylidene fluorenes to antiaromatic dications was attempted by electrochemical and chemical
268 , the indenyl system of indenylidenefluorene dications was less antiaromatic than the fluorenyl syste
271 were more potent than pentamidine and seven dications were more effective than artemisinin against P
278 ompetitive effects, we used a combination of dications, which are intrinsically fluorescent and spect
279 acids, lead to intermediate N,C-diprotonated dications, which are involved in reactions with weak nuc
280 r relationship to those of the corresponding dications, which ESR reveals to be singlet species.
281 to the surface activity of the unsymmetrical dications, which results in a concurrent strong partitio
282 mide-lexitropsin type compounds, and it is a dication while all lexitropsin dimers are monocations.
283 BPQT(4+) leads to the CBPQT(2(*+)) diradical dication while the P-BIPY(2+) unit is reduced to its P-B
284 series of dications including fluorenylidene dications whose UV-visible spectra are reported, as well
285 ations, the resulting CBPQT(2(*+)) diradical dication will migrate to the BIPY(*+) unit, resulting in
288 he ion pair prior to interaction of the free dication with the host to produce a complex that is not
289 e shortest species is diamagnetic, while the dication with the longest bridge behaves as two essentia
292 bstituted phenyl rings were more stable than dications with m-substituted phenyl rings and dications
293 ene fluorenes; within each type of compound, dications with p-substituted phenyl rings were more stab
294 ications with m-substituted phenyl rings and dications with phenyl rings substituted with electron-do
295 ectron-donating groups were more stable than dications with phenyl rings substituted with electron-wi
296 e parent dication was demonstrated for these dications with spacers, although it was attenuated by th
297 f the single-crystalline 1(Bz)(2+) diradical dications with two different in nature counteranions, re
298 cribes the design and synthesis of two novel dications with unsymmetrical structures and their utiliz
300 ructures of higher coordinate onium-boronium dications (X(+)BH(3)+ 1-4a and X(+)BH(5)+ 1-4d; X = NH(3
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