ライフサイエンスコーパス: dimorphism

1 ehind the development of extreme sexual size dimorphism.

2 D with regard to microbiota-dependent sexual dimorphism.

3 are predicted to generate this pigmentation dimorphism.

4 s about factors that drive such extreme size dimorphism.

5 the major determinant of the observed sexual dimorphism.

6 viours contribute to the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

7 ine morphology may be attributable to sexual dimorphism.

8 f the life cycle and the low level of sexual dimorphism.

9 s correction, but exhibited a similar sexual dimorphism.

10 tigate the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism.

11 males suggests that there may be a metabolic dimorphism.

12 bolism of size in line with sexual body size dimorphism.

13 of sex chromosomes and the genesis of sexual dimorphism.

14 cordant and not a principal source of sexual dimorphism.

15 nd pair KIR2DL2/HLA-C1, and the CD16A-158V/F dimorphism.

16 mmary mesenchyme markers and impaired sexual dimorphism.

17 sms have organizing effects on neural sexual dimorphism.

18 s) are a deadly pathology with strong sexual dimorphism.

19 ales) may also contribute to ischemic sexual dimorphism.

20 ting that meiotic checkpoints exhibit sexual dimorphism.

21 that rhythms in Igf-1 expression have sexual dimorphism.

22 monogamous raptor with reversed sexual size dimorphism.

23 is a need to assess the phenotype for sexual dimorphism.

24 ical traits arising from postpubertal sexual dimorphism.

25 n men as compared to women supporting sexual dimorphism.

26 cate that the code is instructive for sexual dimorphism.

27 ntributors to NAFLD show considerable sexual dimorphism.

28 d with that of 6 women for evidencing sexual dimorphism.

29 er japonicus Sharp shows a remarkable sexual dimorphism.

30 ests, however, a strong selection for sexual dimorphism.

31 Temperature is a potent inducer of fungal dimorphism.

32 eny apoptosis contribute to the final sexual dimorphism.

33 e in mating systems with greater sexual size dimorphism.

34 ve been suggested as mechanisms behind niche dimorphisms.

35 primary adipocytes due to these intertwined dimorphisms.

36 d assessed left-right asymmetries and sexual dimorphisms.

37 ental illnesses that show significant sexual dimorphisms.

38 d females, likely in part related to genetic dimorphisms.

39 omical substrates that underlie these sexual dimorphisms.

40 uggesting potential reasons for these sexual dimorphisms.

41 Mammalian external genitals show sexual dimorphism [1, 2] and can change size and shape upon sex

42 djusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in wom

43 are necessary for the maintenance of sexual dimorphism, (4) influence reproductive success among fem

44 fore unrecognized ontogenetic series, sexual dimorphism (a rare instance for Mesozoic reptiles), and

45 f the breeding season, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism across a wide latitudinal gradient.

46 iduals, suggesting the possibility of sexual dimorphism, adaptive strategies or competition-related s

47 way whose regulation shows unexpected sexual dimorphism; additional molecular signatures of oriented

48 This size dimorphism also extends to vocalisations in many species

49 rain as a complex mania model, adding sexual dimorphism, an altered diurnal activity profile, and sea

50 arkable parallels to the evolution of sexual dimorphism and argue that their approach can aid our und

51 uced AR activity at genes controlling sexual dimorphism and cell growth was found in Fkbp52-deficient

52 The evolution of sexual dimorphism and expansion of sex chromosomes are both dri

53 and male pelves exhibit only moderate sexual dimorphism and follow largely similar developmental traj

54 f primary importance in understanding sexual dimorphism and genome evolution.

55 acing limitations on the evolution of sexual dimorphism and genomic expansion of sex chromosomes.

56 phylogenetic and genomic patterns of sexual dimorphism and life-history evolution.

57 variation in life history (e.g., sexual size dimorphism and protandry), morphology (e.g., wing shape

58 o sexual selection intensity, such as sexual dimorphism and reproductive investment.

59 Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types.

60 ntified two known regulators of liver sexual dimorphism and several new candidates for further invest

61 clade representing the full range of sexual dimorphism and sexual selection.

62 n Sclerotinia trifoliorum exhibits ascospore dimorphism and unidirectional mating type switching - se

63 volution of environmentally-cued intrasexual dimorphisms and rapid species divergences in a novel tra

64 s female reproductive schedules, sexual size dimorphism, and body size.

65 acterizing individual susceptibility, sexual dimorphism, and non-linearity in dose response would hel

66 olution of eyespot number and eyespot sexual dimorphism, and the identification of genes affecting ey

67 elate to the cost of reproduction and sexual dimorphism are at least partially involved in determinin

68 ation on how the mutant SOD1 gene and sexual dimorphism are involved in ALS disease progression.

69 ure, but the evolutionary factors leading to dimorphism are largely unclear.

70 ntages/disadvantages associated with nuclear dimorphism are not clear, an essential advantage seems t

71 s, but the neural mechanisms underlying this dimorphism are not clear.

72 Although moderate sexual size dimorphisms are common in many arthropod lineages, the p

73 Sexual dimorphisms are established by sex determination pathway

74 Sexual dimorphisms are prevalent in development, physiology and

75 Sexual dimorphisms are recognized in cardiovascular conditions

76 Sexual dimorphisms are typically attributed to the hormonal dif

77 etition, however, is thought to limit sexual dimorphism, as larger competitors in the community will

78 sex hormones are responsible for this sexual dimorphism, as ovariectomy, but not castration, of Nf1-O

79 of variation showed that tryptophan/leucine dimorphism at position 283 uniquely changes receptor con

80 KIR2DP1 is polymorphic, with dimorphism at specificity-determining position 44.

81 Together our findings reveal marked sexual dimorphism at the transcriptional level in MDD and highl

82 Dimorphisms at 12 other KIR2DP1(F) residues modulate rec

83 population studies, as well as the same sex dimorphism being observed under controlled laboratory co

84 sociated with measuring and comparing sexual dimorphism between two populations.

85 es identify previously undescribed molecular dimorphisms between male and female limb buds and provid

86 ated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate dimorphism, biofilm/mat formation, and virulence.

87 There is also an established sexual dimorphism both in the cardiovascular response to the ne

88 focusing on recent findings regarding sexual dimorphism, bud induction, branching morphogenesis and c

89 al Volvocine algae might have evolved sexual dimorphism, but also raise questions about why the putat

90 (ii) decreases with male-biased sexual size-dimorphism, but in males only.

91 Species differed in external genital sexual dimorphism, but we observed a sexual monomorphism of the

92 male somatic differentiation other than size dimorphism by controlling only the switch gene transform

93 Only dimorphisms can evolve when infection is determined only

94 never makes hermaphrodites in the wild, this dimorphism cannot be due to selection.

95 er features, and it is unknown whether these dimorphisms control sex-typical behavior exclusively in

96 females to generate both extreme sexual size dimorphism coupled with niche dimorphism is novel among

97 k for hypertension than men, but this sexual dimorphism declines with the onset of menopause.

98 Sexual dimorphism depends on sex-biased gene expression, but th

99 The magnitude and direction of sexual size dimorphism did not explain variation in sex differences

100 osed to determine whether, like other sexual dimorphisms, drug metabolism is permanently imprinted by

101 has recently evolved a rare reversed sexual dimorphism, dsx RNAi revealed reversed as well as novel

102 social and cognitive behaviors shows sexual dimorphism, epigenetic dysregulation, compensatory molec

103 matodes [3-5], it had been assumed that this dimorphism evolved in response to sperm competition.

104 Sexual dimorphisms exist in the prevalence and severity of many

105 se of this study is to determine whether sex dimorphism exists in the expression of inflammatory and

106 ome is a single branching event leading to a dimorphism featuring extreme intrinsic leaders and follo

107 ngitis, this model displayed a strong sexual dimorphism: female mice developed marked cholangitis, wh

108 es sapidus exhibit behavioral and ecological dimorphisms: females migrating from the low salinity wat

109 ic basis of a Mendelian female-limited color dimorphism (FLCD) that segregates in natural populations

110 phenomenon could provide a mechanism for sex dimorphism for the incidence of periodontal disease.

111 males were also found, illustrating a sexual dimorphism for the response to aneuploidy.

112 ake patterns are congruent with known sexual dimorphisms for body composition, peak growth velocity,

113 pleiotropic effects may underlie the corolla dimorphism frequently observed in gynodioecious taxa and

114 Sexual dimorphisms fuel significant intraspecific variation and

115 light and dark alleles, suggesting that this dimorphism has been adaptively maintained for millions o

116 (GVHD) incidence, and the MICA-129 (met/val) dimorphism has been shown to influence NKG2D signaling i

117 itional layer in the establishment of sexual dimorphisms has implications for understanding sexual di

118 ls for how sex chromosome genes specify size dimorphism have emphasized the importance of gonadal hor

119 at do include both sexes, significant sexual dimorphisms have been demonstrated in development, prese

120 Sexual dimorphisms have been observed in many species, includin

121 genes reveal mechanisms by which new sexual dimorphisms have evolved in invertebrates and show that

122 When selection favors sexual dimorphism, high-fitness parents often produce low-fitne

123 These data have implications for sexual dimorphism in addiction vulnerability and define a mecha

124 re confirmation but suggest potential sexual dimorphism in associations with prenatal exposure to BFR

125 Sexual dimorphism in astrocyte arbor complexity in the left MeP

126 males as the result of cell-intrinsic sexual dimorphism in astrocyte transformation.

127 a novel mechanism for development of sexual dimorphism in BP.

128 vide new avenues for investigation of sexual dimorphism in brain function and disease.

129 In this study, we examined the sexual dimorphism in cellular infiltrates of the salivary gland

130 e delayed maturation in males and the sexual dimorphism in cerebral hemodynamics may explain why male

131 Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasite

132 n of female sexual receptivity, has a sexual dimorphism in dendritic spine density that favors female

133 is increasing interest in sexual and gender dimorphism in disease.

134 Sexual dimorphism in drug-related neuroanatomic changes and bra

135 t ChrY polymorphism can determine the sexual dimorphism in EAE and myocarditis.

136 e male gamete that contributes to the sexual dimorphism in EAE and paternal parent-of-origin effects

137 idus adults may be supported by a functional dimorphism in energy metabolism.

138 u), to at least partially mediate the sexual dimorphism in ethanol sedation.

139 h the Western honeybee, the degree of sexual dimorphism in Eucera is more pronounced at the periphery

140 Previously, we showed that the sexual dimorphism in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

141 linked modifier alleles that increase sexual dimorphism in expression.

142 latter finding could help to explain sexual dimorphism in F0 and formants that is currently unaccoun

143 hat in vivo Adamts1 knockout leads to sexual dimorphism in frontal cortex synaptic protein levels.

144 mals, as is the observation of strong sexual dimorphism in genomewide patterns of gene expression in

145 In C. elegans, sexual dimorphism in gonad form and function largely originates

146 scription factor could be involved in sexual dimorphism in HSCR.

147 development, thereby contributing to sexual dimorphism in HSCR.

148 Sexual dimorphism in human brain structure is well recognised,

149 ential implications for understanding sexual dimorphism in human disease.

150 that is currently unaccounted for by sexual dimorphism in human vocal anatomy and body size.

151 the establishment and maintenance of growth dimorphism in larvae and the adult intestine.

152 Sexual dimorphism in leptin and fat stores have been observed i

153 ual selection has resulted in sex-based size dimorphism in many mammals, including humans.

154 Sexual dimorphism in morphological, physiological, and behavior

155 in autoimmunity, but its role in the sexual dimorphism in MS or MS models remains unexplored.

156 milar mechanism may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in multiple sclerosis.

157 nt in male exposed rats, suggesting a sexual dimorphism in neural development after SSRI exposure.

158 New attention to sexual dimorphism in normal mammalian physiology and disease ha

159 e review of the literature related to sexual dimorphism in pathogen-mediated inflammatory diseases an

160 igated the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism in pathogenesis and showed that nuclear trans

161 t that hybrids experience some disruption of dimorphism in secondary sexual traits, as well as novel

162 immune cell subset underlying the EAE sexual dimorphism in SJL mice, rather than CD4(+) T cells.

163 but cannot fully explain the observed sexual dimorphism in stroke outcomes seen during life stages wi

164 responsive genes, may contribute to a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive periodontal

165 vide a plausible biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to destructive periodontal

166 l an interesting and hitherto unknown sexual dimorphism in systemic Drosophila metabolites, clearly w

167 in mice and humans indicated that the sexual dimorphism in Th1 and Th17 cytokine production was depen

168 tween sex differences in behavior and sexual dimorphism in the brain.

169 Unexpectedly, the Ile/Thr80 dimorphism in the Bw4-motif did not categorically define

170 amino acids, including a glutamate/glutamine dimorphism in the DAF-binding region of the capsid.

171 indings also suggest the existence of sexual dimorphism in the effects of demyelinating syndromes on

172 anism for the development of regional sexual dimorphism in the human brain.

173 r and molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in the incidence, prognosis, and treatment re

174 ry of males, and it may contribute to gender dimorphism in the inflammatory response.

175 imary forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera, and alternative hypothese

176 n modifiers, as a crucial mediator of sexual dimorphism in the liver.

177 These data suggest sex dimorphism in the presence of gingival apoptosis at site

178 de an underlying biologic basis for a sexual dimorphism in the prevalence and severity of destructive

179 6PD, GR, and C/EBPs may contribute to sexual dimorphism in the programming of exaggerated cortisol re

180 females but not in males, revealing a sexual dimorphism in the regulation of anxiety within the media

181 lution of a genetically based floral display dimorphism in the short-lived perennial herb Primula far

182 l work found limited evidence for anatomical dimorphism in these fru+ neurons.

183 gular sexual dimorphism to a reversed sexual dimorphism in this species.

184 established a model for investigating sexual dimorphism in urothelial carcinoma development, and impl

185 by the time of harvest, and expressed sexual dimorphism in various biometric and flesh quality parame

186 Sexual dimorphism in visceral fat (VF) was attributable to elev

187 Although sexual dimorphism in wheeze and asthma prevalence are well docu

188 can provide a basis for interpreting sexual dimorphisms in abilities and actions.

189 Sexual dimorphisms in animal vocal behavior have been successfu

190 Such sexual dimorphisms in behavior are most obvious in stereotyped

191 Since sexual dimorphisms in body composition exist, we postulated tha

192 Sexual dimorphisms in body size are widespread throughout the a

193 recovered an ancestral shift towards sexual dimorphisms in both size and appearance in a lineage of

194 In light of sexual dimorphisms in CVD, a need exists to examine baseline ca

195 y of alleles, our model suggests that sexual dimorphisms in gametogenesis result in a greater proport

196 al causes underpinning the well known gender dimorphisms in human behavior, cognition, and emotion ha

197 Strong evidence exists for sexual dimorphisms in immune function, involving both innate an

198 rom male and female brains identified 19 new dimorphisms in males; these are highly concentrated in m

199 ry for AR were used to evaluate these sexual dimorphisms in more detail.

200 tiple organs, thereby contributing to sexual dimorphisms in normal biological functions and disease p

201 ms has implications for understanding sexual dimorphisms in physiology and disease.

202 an effect that could be explained by sexual dimorphisms in receptor expression levels.

203 Functional and anatomical sexual dimorphisms in the brain are either the result of cells

204 Sexual dimorphisms in the brain underlie behavioral sex differe

205 tive tactics they use can be associated with dimorphisms in the expression of weapons.

206 Cellular dimorphisms in the fru circuit are dependent on Fru(C) r

207 Sexual dimorphisms in the neurons and circuits of males and fem

208 t it is still unclear how dsx(+) neurons and dimorphisms in these circuits give rise to the different

209 r, there seem to be intrinsic (basal) sexual dimorphisms in this pathway that may contribute to respo

210 arge energy-expensive brains, reduced sexual dimorphism, increased carnivory, and unique life history

211 Within species, sexual dimorphism is a source of variation in life history (e.g

212 ion electron microscopy, that the structural dimorphism is accommodated in the form of partially diso

213 Sexual dimorphism is also seen in human autosomal gene expressi

214 t is often assumed that enhanced sexual size dimorphism is common on islands.

215 An extreme example of sensory dimorphism is found in the solitary bee tribe Eucerini.

216 e males at this age, this prepubertal sexual dimorphism is independent of ARs.

217 me sexual size dimorphism coupled with niche dimorphism is novel among arthropods.

218 referentially affects women, and this sexual dimorphism is recapitulated in the SJL mouse model of mu

219 One of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism is sex-limited mimicry in butterflies, a phen

220 One potential mechanism leading to this dimorphism is steroid hormone regulated synthesis of tra

221 The reason for this sexual dimorphism is unknown, but it may reflect negative selec

222 First, we found that caste and sex dimorphism is weakly pronounced in hornets, with regard

223 Sexual dimorphism is widespread throughout the metazoa and play

224 nterspecific competition, hindering enhanced dimorphism, is thought to increase with competitor richn

225 e unique body parts in that they show sexual dimorphism, major changes in puberty and typically more

226 ies, in particular those showing sexual size dimorphism, males and females vary in foraging performan

227 suggesting that the genetic paths to sexual dimorphism may be constrained within a clade but variabl

228 Our study suggests that brains with sex dimorphism may process the acupuncture stimulation diffe

229 The mechanisms accounting for this gender dimorphism may, in part, involve differential cytokine r

230 ode Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that this dimorphism might reflect the development of sperm within

231 in a direction that is congruent with sexual dimorphism observed in a large independent sample of age

232 anism that plays a role in the marked sexual dimorphism observed in a model of the transition to chro

233 regional aortic AT1aR expression and sexual dimorphism of AAAs.

234 ic vascular biology and contribute to sexual dimorphism of AAAs.

235 The dimorphism of Ae. arabicum is associated with several an

236 eedback mechanism contributing to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmune diseases.

237 nflammation, which contributes to the sexual dimorphism of autoimmunity and protection against diseas

238 lts may suggest a role of HNF6 in the gender dimorphism of HBV infection.

239 and their targets are central for the sexual dimorphism of HCC.

240 INTERPRETATION: Organization and sexual dimorphism of human spinal galaninergic neurons were sim

241 Organization and sexual dimorphism of human spinal galaninergic neurons were sim

242 ynamism, spatial heterochonicity, and sexual dimorphism of human subcortical maturation, these data b

243 competition does not affect the sexual size dimorphism of insular lizards and carnivores (i.e. chara

244 his prediction using data on the sexual size dimorphism of lizards, and mammalian carnivores, on isla

245 We tested whether intraspecific sexual size dimorphism of mammalian carnivores and lizards decreases

246 , but not females, in accord with the sexual dimorphism of neural circuitry and vocal learning in thi

247 However, mechanisms for sexual dimorphism of regional aortic angiotensin receptor expre

248 We further computed the average sexual dimorphism of species on islands and tested whether spec

249 One promising system is the mouth dimorphism of the nematode Pristionchus pacificus [9-12]

250 his study investigated the pronounced sexual dimorphism of the peripheral olfactory system and its re

251 higher in the eusocial honeybee and a sexual dimorphism of the relative investment in mushroom body t

252 Dimorphism of the two adjacent gametes is mechanisticall

253 secretion, and may play a role in the sexual dimorphism of this adipokine.

254 Behavioral and ecological dimorphisms of C. sapidus adults may be supported by a f

255 between sexual selection and transcriptional dimorphism, often termed sex-biased gene expression.

256 Sexual dimorphism, one of the most obvious results of sexual se

257 es) or perturbations of large effect (sexual dimorphism or strong loss-of-function mutations) that ma

258 g women, thus suggesting evidence for gender dimorphism (P-interaction=1.31x 10(-5)).

259 this intuitive proximal solution for sexual dimorphism potentially belies a complex interaction betw

260 A pathway diminished the contractile sexual dimorphisms previously observed.

261 ilitate or constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, rather than to resolve any perceived controv

262 molecular mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism remain largely unknown.

263 isruption by CPF of normal behavioral sexual dimorphisms reported in animal models.

264 Of potential relevance are a FCGR3A dimorphism resulting in CD16A-valine/phenylalanine-158 a

265 Comparison of males and females for sexual dimorphisms revealed no significant differences in neuro

266 There is extraordinary diversity in sexual dimorphism (SD) among animals, but little is known about

267 rabids with smaller body size, wings or wing dimorphism, spiders able to disperse aerially, and plant

268 Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) can allow males and females of the same

269 ures leading to the evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) have been well studied in many organism

270 ific genetics to investigate how sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is established in Drosophila.

271 sedax males, notable for extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD), are developmentally arrested larvae th

272 This sexual dimorphism suggests that male mice cannot be used as pro

273 d that the level of AIRE is linked to sexual dimorphism susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

274 ses from the hybrid species show less sexual dimorphism than the parental species.

275 ary largely in weight and show a huge sexual dimorphism that allowed us to evaluate the effect of sex

276 orphic mice, possibly paralleling the sexual dimorphism that is characteristic of the genetic associa

277 lymorphisms are an intriguing form of sexual dimorphism that offer unique opportunities to reconstruc

278 ocus on describing the cardiovascular sexual dimorphisms that exist both physiologically and in commo

279 re, likely results from physiological sexual dimorphisms that precede sexual maturation.

280 Unusual patterns such as sperm dimorphism, the formation of bundles, or aflagellate and

281 ent and steroidogenesis, resulting in sexual dimorphisms, the severity of which differs significantly

282 Ciliated protists exhibit nuclear dimorphism through the presence of somatic macronuclei (

283 the genetic basis of this sex-limited colour dimorphism to a region containing the gene tan.

284 litated the transition from a regular sexual dimorphism to a reversed sexual dimorphism in this speci

285 Neuronal sexual dimorphisms typically represent quantitative differences

286 100 kbp) with comprehensive tests for sexual dimorphism using >1300 individuals from two Populus spec

287 se data challenge the hypothesis that facial dimorphism was an important ancestral signal of heritabl

288 Surprisingly, this apparent sexual dimorphism was generated by plasticity, as exposure to f

289 This proposal implies that dimorphism was important to judgments of attractiveness

290 Furthermore, the degree of wing dimorphism was significantly influenced by the interacti

291 and elucidate its involvement in the sexual dimorphism, we examined the systemic effect of IL-17 by

292 Despite such response dimorphism, we observed a stunning anatomical monomorphi

293 ated protozoa are peculiar for their nuclear dimorphism, wherein two types of nuclei divide nuclear f

294 elvis of adult humans exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, which is traditionally interpreted in the fr

295 lution of male size, female size, and sexual dimorphism, which suggests that polymorphism loss can pr

296 lls or dendritic cells, mediated this sexual dimorphism, which was dependent on the presence of adult

297 ation, especially taking into account sexual dimorphisms, will aid recognition of the clinical presen

298 s of intelligence, however, exhibit a sexual dimorphism, with a more pronounced association to intell

299 It also exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, with placentae of females more sensitive to

300 ze variation and, probably, degree of sexual dimorphism within a single species of bipedal hominins a